China News Service, Beijing, December 4th (Ma Shuisha) On the evening of December 4th, the crew of Shenzhou XIV returned to Earth safely.
The return of astronauts this time is the first return after the basic configuration of the "T" shape of the Chinese space station is completed, and it is also the first winter night return at the Dongfeng Landing Site.
Why did the two manned spacecraft co-orbit choose the Shenzhou 14 spacecraft to return?
Compared with the past, the big difference of this return mission is that before the return, the space station docked two manned spacecraft, Shenzhou 14 and Shenzhou 15.
Why take the Shenzhou 14 spacecraft to return?
Ren Changwei, chief designer of the overall assembly of the manned spacecraft system of the Fifth Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, said that the current arrangement is that the astronauts will return by whichever spacecraft they take to launch.
On the one hand, they are most familiar with the state of the spacecraft. On the other hand, the spacecraft designed by the researchers has an on-orbit lifespan of not less than 6 months, and the in-orbit spacecraft needs to return to Earth after reaching the normal life requirements.
Open the parachute step by step to protect the way back to complete the "sudden brake" from the high-speed rail to the marathon
That night, a giant parachute dragged the return capsule of the Shenzhou 14 spacecraft and landed slowly on the Dongfeng landing site.
The function of this parachute with an area of more than 1,000 square meters is to slow down the return capsule.
It is reported that the designers tailored a three-stage parachute opening procedure for the spacecraft, first opening two series-connected guiding parachutes, and then pulling out a deceleration parachute from the guiding parachute.
The drogue parachute was separated from the return capsule after working for a period of time, and the main parachute of more than 1,000 square meters was pulled out at the same time.
This series of actions can reduce the speed of the spacecraft return capsule from the speed of high-speed rail to the speed of ordinary people running.
When the return capsule of the spacecraft drops to a height of 1 meter from the ground, the gamma altitude control device at the bottom of the return capsule sends out a signal to "command" the four reverse thrust engines on the return capsule of the spacecraft to ignite, giving the return capsule an upward lift force, so that The landing speed of the return capsule is further reduced, and the astronauts can land safely.
How to welcome the astronauts in the warmest way when returning at night in the cold winter?
The crews of Shenzhou 12 and Shenzhou 13 both returned to the ground during the day. This time, the astronauts of Shenzhou 14 returned to the Dongfeng Landing Site at night for the first time in winter. The search and rescue mission faced two difficulties: extreme cold and dark night.
Due to the low visibility at night, the difficulty of searching and finding targets, the difficulty of reaching the landing site, and the high requirements for rescue site support, the landing site has raised various lighting equipment needed for night rescue astronauts, such as adding searchlights and flashing lights to ground vehicles. , fluorescent flags, to ensure the line of sight of the traveling convoy; the helicopter unit selects pilots with rich experience in night flights to form the strongest flight crew, organizes multiple night flights and landing training, and conducts inspections of various terrains and dangerous objects in the landing area. mark.
Facing the extremely cold conditions, the ground personnel maintained and upgraded the medical supervision and medical insurance medical ambulance, so that the astronauts can eat hot meals, drink hot water, and wash with hot water at the landing site.
A fuel heater is installed on the car to adjust the temperature of the cabin, and the temperature in the cabin can be raised to above 20 degrees Celsius within 20 minutes.
In addition, the medical rescue team also prepared insulation blankets, insulation quilts and warm babies for the astronauts.
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