In September this year, in the first class for undergraduate freshmen, Zhao Li, a teacher at the Inspector Training College of Inner Mongolia University, asked the students why they chose to major in discipline inspection and supervision?
I thought it was just a volunteer for parents to help fill out the report, but the answers of these eighteen or nineteen-year-old young people made his eyes shine: "The country's anti-corruption situation", "The reform of the discipline inspection and supervision system, I want to join the discipline inspection and supervision team", and there are students who are promoted To the height of comprehensive and strict governance of the party.
According to the "Notice on Announcing the Recording and Approval Results of Undergraduate Majors in General Universities in 2021" issued by the Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University has become the first university in the country to be approved for discipline inspection and supervision undergraduate majors. The first class of 45 students has started classes for nearly a semester.
Following Inner Mongolia University, another 16 colleges and universities plan to add discipline inspection and supervision undergraduate majors.
In September this year, the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council and the Ministry of Education issued the "Catalogue of Graduate Education Disciplines (2022)" and "Measures for the Administration of the Catalog of Graduate Education Disciplines". .
Wang Guan, a senior economist at the China Academy of Discipline Inspection and Supervision, and Ren Jianming, director of the Integrity Research and Education Center of Beihang University, mentioned in the paper "The Significance, Status and Suggestions of Establishing Discipline Inspection and Supervision Studies" that the establishment of discipline inspection and supervision studies can improve the theoretical level of discipline inspection and supervision , Cultivating and delivering high-quality and professional discipline inspection and supervision talents is a practical measure to promote the quality and efficiency of discipline inspection, supervision and governance, and is conducive to promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities.
However, in the real context, the development and construction of discipline inspection and supervision disciplines face many challenges such as training, teaching staff, practice, and employment.
Some colleges and universities have accumulated experience, and more colleges and universities are still crossing the river by feeling the stones.
What does "discipline inspection and supervision" learn?
Liu Boyuan is a freshman majoring in discipline inspection and supervision at Inner Mongolia University.
Before filling out the application form, her understanding of "discipline inspection and supervision" is "fighting corruption".
Liu Boyuan was originally interested in the law major, but the huge number of law students means more intense competition in the future, which deters her.
Thinking that where there is power, corruption will breed. Many units need discipline inspection and supervision staff, and discipline inspection and supervision are also related to law, so she chose this undergraduate major that was opened for the first time in the country.
After enrolling, a teacher arranged a review of "Loyalty and Betrayal". The film tells the story of the establishment of the first Central Supervisory Committee of the Communist Party of China.
Liu Boyuan wrote in his impressions: "Today China has paved a road for us to practice. Strictly governing the party and fighting corruption are all tasks to be done by discipline inspection and supervision. The establishment of our class is also a project of this kind. The continuation of the continuation. There will also be crises in movies in peaceful times, and you can’t directly touch work during your studies, but this is what we can do in the future.”
According to the data provided by the Supervisory Training Institute of Inner Mongolia University, this year, 21 people were admitted to liberal arts in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with a minimum score of 538 points, which was 79 points higher than the admission score of the first course; 5 people were admitted to the science department, with a minimum score of 548 points, which was higher than the first level. The admission score is 121 points.
For nearly one semester, the courses mainly focus on legal content such as "Constitution and Regional Ethnic Autonomy Law" and "History of Chinese Law". Most of the time, Liu Boyuan and law students attend classes together.
The "Introduction to Discipline Inspection and Supervision" is opened solely for students majoring in discipline inspection and supervision.
In order to enrich the practical experience of teachers, Inner Mongolia University has selected some teachers to train in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Commission for Discipline Inspection and Supervision.
In the class "Introduction to Discipline Inspection and Supervision", the teacher inevitably talked about this experience with the students.
Duan Jizhen, Dean of the Inner Mongolia University Supervisory Training Institute, said that under the guidance of the Autonomous Region Commission for Discipline Inspection and Supervision, the discipline inspection and supervision undergraduate training program has undergone several rounds of discussions and revisions in the school.
The most critical discussion is what is the main teaching content?
Some people think that discipline inspection and supervision should be the main course, but some people think that it should be based on law and party regulations, and then add discipline inspection and supervision courses.
The final curriculum system integrates multiple disciplines such as law, Marxist theory, political science, and public management, covering the two major parts of party regulations and national laws in the field of discipline inspection and supervision, and focuses on cultivating students' theoretical literacy and practical ability.
The courses include 4 professional basic courses, including Constitutional Law, Intra-Party Law, and Introduction to Discipline Inspection and Supervision, and 17 professional core courses, including Supervision Law, Introduction to Political Supervision, and Jurisprudence. sex lessons.
Although Yunnan Normal University has not yet opened an undergraduate major in discipline inspection and supervision, in 2013 it created the first full-time undergraduate law major in discipline inspection and supervision in the country.
According to You Weiqiong, dean of the School of Law and Sociology of Yunnan Normal University and executive vice president of Yunnan Disciplinary Inspection and Supervision College, formulating a training program that can cultivate excellent discipline inspection and supervision talents is a hard bone that has been gnawing. There have been four editions of talent training Plan, "iron pestle ground into embroidery needles".
At that time, Yunnan Normal University had no experience to learn from.
The interview of the employer has developed from looking through the files and interviewing to presenting a case for the students to analyze on the spot.
The practice of Yunnan Disciplinary Inspection and Supervision College is to invite employers to come to the college as much as possible. During the recruitment process, teachers will accompany them to record relevant information and feed it back into talent training. "Interviews involve this aspect, and we must strengthen it during teaching."
You Weiqiong said that since the School of Law and Sociology was responsible for academic education, it was initially used to the thinking and understanding of law and discipline inspection and supervision.
There are not many legal practice courses, but discipline inspection and supervision are practical.
When adjusting the training program thereafter, the law courses were gradually set up to be more suitable for discipline inspection and supervision, and a large number of practical courses were added at the same time.
The Beijing News reporter noticed that in the 2022 Yunnan Discipline Inspection and Supervision College’s discipline inspection and supervision training plan, the professional compulsory courses include four discipline-based platform courses including constitutional law and Chinese legal history, and three majors including legal professional ethics and supervision law. There are 13 professional core courses such as basic courses, introduction to discipline inspection, supervision and investigation, and professional practice courses including professional practice, professional practice, and social practice.
Layout under talent demand
In June this year, Ren Jianming participated in the demonstration work of the next-level discipline of law.
In the previous list of members of the expert demonstration team of the discipline inspection and supervision discipline, in addition to 7 scholars, there were also 7 leading cadres from the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the State Supervision Commission and other departments. A feature of this that was rarely seen in the past."
Ren Jianming observed that the discipline inspection and supervision system is the main destination for cadres transferred from the military. Compared with other party and government agencies, discipline inspection and supervision cadres have relatively weak educational backgrounds. The discipline inspection and supervision system urgently hopes to have professional disciplines to train professionals.
Zhao Li once trained in the General Office of the Commission for Discipline Inspection and Supervision of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. He found that there is a great demand for discipline inspection and supervision talents.
Although the staff in the general office are not responsible for handling cases, they basically work overtime for one or two hours a day, often without rest for a month.
The paper "The Significance, Current Situation and Suggestions of Establishing Discipline Inspection and Supervision" confirmed Zhao Li's judgment. The article pointed out that since the reform of the national supervision system, with the expansion of the scope of discipline inspection and supervision, the workload has increased simultaneously, and the demand for professional talents is continuous. Stable and larger scale.
Based on the above background, before Discipline Inspection and Supervision was listed as a first-level discipline, there were already colleges and universities standing at the forefront of the layout and setting up physical specialized colleges to carry out talent training.
As early as 2013, the Yunnan Disciplinary Inspection Commission of the Communist Party of China, the former Yunnan Provincial Supervision Department and Yunnan Normal University jointly established the Yunnan Disciplinary Inspection and Supervision College, which identified three themes of talent training, scientific research, and social services, and was the first full-time undergraduate program in the country. The discipline inspection and supervision direction of law major has enrolled more than 600 students so far.
In the subsequent reform of the discipline inspection and supervision system, the Commission for Discipline Inspection and the Supervisory Commission worked together, and the personnel of the three departments of the procuratorate, namely anti-corruption and bribery, anti-malfeasance and infringement, and duty-related crime prevention, were transferred to the Supervisory Commission as a whole, which further reflected the cooperation and joint construction. Yunnan Academy of Discipline Inspection and Supervision is forward-looking.
You Weiqiong said that the Commission for Discipline Inspection was more familiar with the party's disciplinary issues, while the Supervisory Commission was more familiar with the legal aspect. Theoretical research, training compound discipline inspection and supervision talents.
An example of the thirst for talents is that the School of Law and Sociology has four majors. Every year, employers recruit political examiners, and most of the people queuing up in the reception room are students who come to the direction of discipline inspection and supervision.
Sometimes You Weiqiong can only "thank you", "There are already 10 people in line today, can you come back tomorrow?"
On March 20, 2018, the first session of the 13th National People's Congress voted to pass the "Supervision Law of the People's Republic of China", Southwest University of Political Science and Law took the lead in establishing the country's first supervisory law school.
In September of the same year, 39 of the more than 2,000 law freshmen in the school were selected to form the 2018 Supervision Law Experimental Class.
In 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress voted to pass the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Ombudsman".
Yang Shangdong, director of the Supervision Law Teaching and Research Office of Southwest University of Political Science and Law, told the Beijing News reporter that when Southwest University of Political Science and Law submitted its legislative proposal, it hoped to add a single item in the text to support the development of the national supervision law discipline. , Encourage qualified ordinary colleges and universities to set up supervision majors or open supervision courses, cultivate high-quality supervisors with both ability and political integrity, and improve the professional ability of supervisors.”
In February this year, Jiangsu University established the School of Discipline Inspection and Supervision, which is co-located with the Law School.
In September this year, the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council and the Ministry of Education issued the "Catalogue of Graduate Education Disciplines (2022)" and "Measures for the Administration of the Catalog of Graduate Education Disciplines". .
Since then, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Fujian Normal University and many other colleges and universities have successively established discipline inspection and supervision colleges.
Many of the heads of discipline inspection and supervision colleges of universities told the Beijing News reporter that they are planning to add discipline inspection and supervision undergraduate majors, and are committed to building a talent training system that connects undergraduates, masters, and doctors.
From "legal person" to "discipline inspection and supervisor"
"Teaching pressure has doubled" is Zhao Li's biggest feeling this semester.
After graduating from the law school, Zhao Li obtained a master's degree and a doctorate degree in legal theory.
After graduation, he first worked as a teacher of law, and this semester began to teach discipline inspection and supervision.
Unlike the already mature and complete knowledge system of law, discipline inspection and supervision is also a new field of knowledge for Zhao Li.
When teaching discipline inspection and supervision undergraduates, Zhao Li often worried that the teaching content would be repeated with other teachers, and students would not understand and accept it, and even had to learn while teaching.
One of the most direct manifestations is that it only takes a day or two for law students to prepare for "Juristry", but it takes a week to prepare for "Introduction to Discipline Inspection and Supervision", and "still don't dare to speak, have no confidence ".
Tan Zongze, Dean of the School of Discipline Inspection and Supervision of Southwest University of Political Science and Law, can understand Zhao Li's situation.
Tan Zongze told the Beijing News reporter that discipline inspection and supervision belongs to the category of law, but it is a first-level discipline alongside the law discipline and has an independent basic theoretical system.
"The legal person's understanding of discipline inspection and supervision theory and practice is not necessarily the original intention contained in the discipline inspection and supervision science. A 'legal person' will not become a 'discipline inspection and supervision person' just by turning around."
Duan Jizhen introduced that currently there are not many Ph.D. graduates in the field of discipline inspection and supervision in China, and a lot of content involved in discipline inspection and supervision is similar to law. The school’s full-time teachers engaged in discipline inspection and supervision are mainly from legal backgrounds.
On the basis of relying on advantageous disciplines such as law, Marxist theory, political science, and public management, Inner Mongolia University is stepping up efforts to introduce talents related to discipline inspection and supervision to enrich its faculty.
In terms of introduction treatment, adopt the talent introduction policy of "one matter, one discussion" to increase the support for talent introduction funds.
But Duan Jizhen said frankly that Inner Mongolia University, as a university in the west, "has a lot of pressure to introduce talents."
In addition, Inner Mongolia University plans to recruit off-campus practice experts from the discipline inspection and supervision practice department to carry out practical course teaching and guidance.
According to Li Bingshuo, executive dean of Jiangsu University’s School of Discipline Inspection and Supervision, the talent team is the primary problem that colleges and universities face when building discipline inspection and supervision disciplines. “Many colleges and universities do not have talents in this area, so they can only find ways to cultivate themselves.”
At present, the teaching staff of the School of Discipline Inspection and Supervision of Jiangsu University is based on law teachers, and integrates personnel from the business department of the Discipline Inspection Commission of the school, teachers of public management, Marxist theory, computer big data and other disciplines.
At the same time, Li Bingshuo took the lead in encouraging teachers to turn to discipline inspection and supervision in the fields of teaching and scientific research.
This is not an isolated case.
According to Tan Zongze's understanding, most of the teachers currently engaged in discipline inspection and supervision teaching and research turn around halfway, and most of the leading scholars "leave the comfort zone and join the new competitive environment. Although they become monks halfway, they go all out."
At present, Southwest University of Political Science and Law adopts measures such as internal transfers, external introductions, and new teachers, and has equipped the School of Discipline Inspection and Supervision with discipline inspection and supervision theory, the discipline of the Communist Party of China, the legal system of supervision, the culture of clean government, Marxist legal theory and internal party regulations. A full-time teaching team with 56 members, "can meet the needs of discipline inspection and supervision personnel training."
However, You Weiqiong said that Yunnan Normal University, which started cultivating talents for discipline inspection and supervision 10 years ago, has survived the most difficult stage of "having no talents of its own", and realized the transformation from "borrowing talents from others" to "Use the talents of others and the talents cultivated by ourselves to form our own resource pool."
You Weiqiong said that in the process of cooperating with departments such as the Commission for Discipline Inspection and Supervision, they gradually built nests to attract phoenixes, and some practical experts changed from part-time teachers to full-time teachers.
At present, there are 53 teachers in the direction of discipline inspection and supervision, 32 of whom are practical and dual-career experts.
The double dilemma of practice and employment
Lou Bingwen is a third-year graduate student in the discipline inspection and supervision department of the Law School of Jiangsu University. Last summer, he was an intern at a local discipline inspection commission.
Not only Lou Bingwen.
In order to further improve teachers' professional practical ability, in November last year, as one of the first 21 backbone teachers selected by Inner Mongolia University, Zhao Li conducted a 6-month on-site training for the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Commission for Discipline Inspection and Supervision.
Although a confidentiality agreement has been signed, Zhao Li still cannot participate in many tasks.
He worried that the students' future internships would be a mere cutscene and they would not be able to get real exercise.
Li Bingshuo is worrying about how to avoid the disconnection between theory and practice of the discipline inspection and supervision discipline. "This is a very difficult problem to solve, and it is also an important problem restricting the development of the discipline."
Li Bingshuo, who is also the dean of the law school, knows very well that the courts and procuratorates have relatively few confidential cases and links, and the legal profession communicates with them relatively smoothly.
However, "discipline inspection and supervision work is closed-loop and politically demanding, and it is easy for students to learn theory in colleges and universities and know nothing about practical aspects."
In this regard, Jiangsu University has begun to explore solutions.
Among the teaching staff of the School of Discipline Inspection and Supervision of the school, there are staff members with rich experience in handling cases from the Disciplinary Committee of the school, and senior practical experts from the Disciplinary Committee and Supervisory Committee are also invited as part-time teachers to analyze and teach declassified cases in real work.
At the same time, Jiangsu University is also building a virtual simulation laboratory for discipline inspection and supervision. By setting up real scenarios and problems, and simulating the case handling process, students will conduct practical training on the network platform in the future.
Yang Shangdong believes that due to the particularity of discipline inspection and supervision work, it is difficult for teachers and students in the school to directly participate in the specific case handling process.
But he knew, "Even for ordinary law majors, there is no school teacher who directly leads students to court to fight lawsuits."
Yang Shangdong said that the education of discipline inspection and supervision disciplines does not necessarily have a problem of disconnection between theory and practice. This stereotype more magnifies the particularity of discipline inspection and supervision work and ignores the degree of integration of industry, education and research in universities and discipline inspection and supervision work.
In Ren Jianming's view, if colleges and universities are too worried about the disconnection between theory and practice in the process of building discipline inspection and supervision disciplines, they will easily fall into the misunderstanding of their own positioning.
He quoted the famous words of the educator Jiang Nanxiang, "It is not only important to give students a bag of dry food, but also a shotgun." Ren Jianming explained that students have nothing left after eating dry food, but they can hunt with a shotgun.
The more abstract professional basic courses are shotguns, and this is where the advantages of colleges and universities lie.
Ren Jianming once visited Hong Kong's ICAC. Newcomers had to take classes in training schools and practice with experienced investigators for a relatively long period of time in the form of "a master leading an apprentice".
Ren Jianming believes that in a practical environment, highly specialized knowledge is not difficult to learn, and students can learn for life in their future careers, but "universities cannot do this."
In addition, many interviewees talked about the employment difficulties faced by discipline inspection and supervision graduates.
On the one hand, entering a discipline inspection and supervision agency requires passing the brutally competitive civil service examination; on the other hand, judging from the actual operation mode of discipline inspection and supervision at the current stage, discipline inspection and supervision cadres are generally required to be members of the Communist Party of China.
This has increased the difficulty of graduate counterpart employment.
Lou Bingwen is preparing for the civil service exam. He and his classmates have drawn up a plan to take the national exam first, and then the provincial exam.
One interviewee said that it is one thing to guide students' employment concepts, but the development of the discipline inspection and supervision industry cannot be separated from the support of talents, and the supporting mechanism needs to be solved, otherwise it will greatly affect the attractiveness and vitality of the discipline inspection and supervision profession.
"You can't just treat work as a job"
With discipline inspection and supervision being listed as a first-level discipline, more and more colleges and universities have established discipline inspection and supervision colleges and started to build discipline inspection and supervision disciplines.
This allowed the Yunnan Discipline Inspection and Supervision Institute, which was established as early as 2013, to bid farewell to the lonely moment.
You Weiqiong said that in the early years, it was difficult for the teachers of the college to publish papers. "People say that you are neither like law, nor like management, nor like political science."
On November 23 this year, there were 37 members in the national Discipline Inspection and Supervision Discipline WeChat group, most of whom were the heads and backbone teachers of the Discipline Inspection and Supervision Colleges of various universities.
You Weiqiong couldn't hide his excitement, "It's very warm to have a partner, and I no longer worry about not being able to find a partner to discuss issues."
Li Bingshuo is also looking forward to the early establishment of an academic community of discipline inspection and supervision.
In his view, colleges and universities are currently exploring their own, but it is not clear whether the direction of exploration is reasonable.
In his view, the construction of disciplines and majors has its norms and standards. In the early stage of discipline development, when faced with confusion about the connotation of disciplines, core courses, graduation standards, and how to further develop, consensus needs to be reached through academic conferences and other means.
Discipline Inspection and Supervision has only been a first-level discipline for more than two months, but problems have already begun to emerge.
Ren Jianming observed that in the process of building discipline inspection and supervision disciplines in colleges and universities, there is a lack of overall consideration of issues such as "who are the customers you serve? What are their needs? Where is your expertise? Can the talents you train meet customer needs?" , with a great deal of blindness.
The School of Discipline Inspection and Supervision of Jiangsu University, where Li Bingshuo works, aims at the grassroots: using the discipline characteristics of big data discipline inspection and supervision to study grassroots anti-corruption governance and provide support for the training of grassroots discipline inspection and supervision teams.
Since the beginning of this year, the college has undertaken projects such as the training course for discipline inspection and supervision cadres of Jiangsu Agricultural Reclamation Group, and the training course for discipline inspection and supervision cadres of the Jingkou District Discipline Inspection Commission of Zhenjiang City.
In view of the future development of discipline inspection and supervision disciplines, Ren Jianming suggested that the master of discipline inspection and supervision for discipline inspection and supervision agencies and state-owned enterprises and institutions should become the most important degree type.
At the same time, it cultivates academic doctors and reserves teachers for colleges and universities.
Since there are still two major thresholds for undergraduates' employment, the civil service examination and the party membership, he suggested planning to add colleges and universities with discipline inspection and supervision undergraduate majors, reduce the enrollment scale as much as possible in the early stage, and improve the quality of students.
In addition, Ren Jianming suggested that the professional ethics courses for students majoring in discipline inspection and supervision should be emphasized.
"The target of the anti-corruption holds power, and the disciplinary inspection and supervision cadres cannot be peacemakers and do not want to offend others," Ren Jianming said. Corruption should be abused.
He made an analogy, "Like a doctor in a hospital, he should treat the disease and save the patient, not spread the disease."
"Students who are interested in engaging in discipline inspection and supervision work must have a strong sense of justice and mission, and must not just regard work as a job," Ren Jianming said.
Beijing News reporter Du Hansan (Source: Beijing News)