After retiring, they start working again
Re-employment of retirees, will not steal the jobs of young people?
How can younger generations actively respond to population aging?
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The 56-year-old Ms. Zheng retired, but her retirement life has only passed 3 months.
Before retirement, she was extremely "longing for retirement life". After experiencing the long-awaited arrangements such as travel, dancing, and fitness, she was "at a loss and meaningless".
Because she has no financial burden and no grandchildren to take care of, she feels that she is "retiring early".
"Life at seventy is rare since ancient times" has long since become a thing of the past.
According to the "2021 Statistical Bulletin on the Development of my country's Health Care" issued by the National Health Commission in July this year, by 2021, the average life expectancy of Chinese residents will reach 78.2 years.
At the same time, many elderly people who have reached retirement age still want to and can do things.
51job released the "2022 Retirement and Reemployment Research Report of the Elderly Group" (hereinafter referred to as the "report") released in October this year, showing that 68% of the elderly group have a strong willingness to find employment after retirement.
Retired elderly people begin to pursue a higher level of longevity, get out of old age, rely on and provide for them, and try to do well in old age.
Earlier, the China Elderly Talent Network was officially launched on August 24 this year. As of 24:00 on November 27, the website had a total of 210 job-seeking information, and 31 units provided 74 positions.
Dong Keyong, Secretary-General of the China Pension Finance 50 Forum and Distinguished Professor of the School of Social Sciences of Tsinghua University, summarized the current retired job seekers into two types: interest-driven and income-driven.
The report also mentioned that among the elderly who have a strong willingness to re-employ after retirement, the proportion of "income-driven" is 34.3%. More retired job seekers return to the job market to seek value, hope to develop their skills, and continue to pursue career development .
However, the reemployment of retirees is a process of matching job seekers and employers.
Reporters from China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily interviewed a number of companies that recruit retired seniors. "No need to pay five insurances and one housing fund" and "bring your own experience and resources" are the main reasons for these companies to hire retirees.
"The re-employment of retirees with expertise will become a new direction to tap the potential of high-quality elderly labor." Dong Keyong said that while population aging has brought about a decrease in the working-age population, it has also brought new opportunities for human resources dividends. opportunity.
According to the forecast of the Department of Aging of the National Health and Health Commission, around 2035, the elderly population aged 60 and above will exceed 400 million, accounting for more than 30% of the total population, entering the stage of severe aging.
In the view of some experts, in the context of the decrease in the total working-age population, young people cannot completely solve the problem of "employment shortage" in some positions due to reasons such as mismatched job hunting intentions. The retired elderly are willing to continue working, which can be used as Labor supplement.
Don't just see "old age", but also "talent"
Before the National Day, Ms. Zheng heard about China Senior Talent Network on a TV program.
Coincidentally, she still wanted to continue to use her spare time, so she posted her job resume on the website.
Bachelor's degree in history, further study in a business school in Hong Kong, 3 years of teaching experience in a municipal party school, more than 20 years of experience in middle and high-level management of enterprises, involved in real estate, property, consulting, education and other industries... Ms. Zheng filled out her personal information in detail and is looking forward to working with " Senior management or copywriting" related employment opportunities.
After retirement, she served as the deputy general manager of a company's short-term projects.
Although it was only two months, this experience of retirement and re-employment has strengthened Ms. Zheng's idea of continuing to work and display her value after retirement.
"It feels better to be on the job. There are things to do every day, and I feel energetic and present."
Before the launch of China Senior Talent Online, she also submitted her resume to the common human resources service websites such as Zhaopin. Although the employer did not specify the age requirement, Ms. Zheng also met other conditions, but her resume either disappeared or ended up with "" She returned her resume on the grounds of being overage.
In Ms. Zheng's view, retired people like her who have experience and know how to manage should not be limited by age. The society and employers should measure whether they are eligible in terms of physical condition and work experience.
"I can do what I need to do, and I don't feel any difference from young people doing the same job."
But so far, Ms. Zheng has not waited for an "offer that makes her heart beat" on the China Senior Talent Network.
She said that the main reason for the fact that there are few units that announce recruitment, and there are many auxiliary positions, is that the salary is low. "I feel that many employers only see 'old people', not 'talents'."
Still, Ms. Zheng feels that the elderly-friendly target audience makes the site worth her attention and waiting.
The 65-year-old Wu Wei, like Ms. Zheng, wants to find a job after retirement to "pass the time".
Postgraduate degree, experience as an engineer in the Institute of Automation, proficiency in reading English literature, mastering a variety of computer programming languages... Wu Wei has excellent conditions and has successfully "joined hands" with a technology company through the China Senior Talent Network.
Wu Wei's job application intention is "Internet of Things related, digital twin, sensor data acquisition" positions.
In people's general perception, this is a track for young people, who strive for physical strength, energy, and innovation.
But for Wu Wei, who has been paying attention to this field for a long time, these are not obstacles.
"This is thanks to my mentor, who is still in the state of learning after 90 years old, which has influenced me to understand the new things that young people in the metaverse are concerned about."
Compared with young colleagues who are better at performing specific operations, Wu Wei positions himself as the person who gives the young technical team the direction.
"My value is based on learning new technologies and applying rich experiences. Our division of labor is different and each has its own strengths." Wu Wei feels that working with people with similar interests in the field of expertise, "doing It's not a problem to be 75 years old."
"I hope experienced seniors will do the icing on the cake for us"
Retired job seekers like Wu Wei are the senior talents that Shi Binbo hopes to recruit through China Senior Talent Network.
Shi Binbo is the deputy general manager of Beijing Zhongke Geek Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Zhongke Geek"). Zhongke Geek is a start-up company that has just entered the elderly market. market understanding.
Shi Binbo said that the positions of "market consultant" and "sales department partner" in his company are for elderly job seekers. "Age is not a problem, enthusiasm is more important. I hope that the elderly with experience and knowledge will serve We do the icing on the cake."
Shi Binbo plans to offer a salary of 3,000 to 30,000 yuan to this kind of elderly people. "The range is large to leave room for negotiation. As long as the conditions are met, everything can be discussed."
However, no job applicants have contacted him yet, and he is also worried about being regarded as a liar, so he has not taken the initiative to contact job applicants for the time being.
A reporter from China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily conducted preliminary statistics on the China Elderly Talents website. As of 24:00 on November 27, there were 210 job-seeking information on the website, and 31 units provided 74 positions.
Most of the positions are marketing, education and training, catering and cleaning, and serving the elderly. There are not many positions offered by technology companies.
Beijing Shoukai Cuncao Senior Care Service Co., Ltd. provides 5 posts for nursing home director, nurse, nurse, doctor and nursing director.
According to Pan Xiaoli, the person in charge of the company's human resources department, the recruitment information has been posted for more than a month. Except for "the director of the nursing home", there are many inquiries for other positions.
"Compared with human resources service websites, the matching degree here is higher."
Doctor Guan, who just retired from the Second People's Hospital of Shandong Province in September this year, was the first to arrive at his post.
After more than a month of observation, Pan Xiaoli found that although the former physician was not good at speaking, she was serious about her work, and her rich clinical experience allowed her to start working quickly.
Moreover, elderly care is a sunrise industry at present. This elderly care service company has 13 branches in total. The demand for employment is quite large, but it is not easy to find suitable people.
"Although some positions seem to have low employment requirements, it does not mean that all job seekers are qualified." In Pan Xiaoli's view, her life experience with the elderly, as well as certain medical experience and medical knowledge make her more willing to hire Two reasons for retirees, "Young people may not be able to do these things."
For some positions with relatively simple and repetitive work content, the elderly may have an advantage over the young.
Ms. Chen is in charge of the recruitment of a consulting company in Ningbo.
According to her, bank investigators work for all age groups, as long as job seekers can use smartphones to take pictures and send original pictures.
Currently, half of the more than 20 investigators she is working with are retired senior citizens.
"In addition to being slower, the rework rate of retirees is much lower than that of young people." In Ms. Chen's view, compared with some young people who are impetuous and work with money, the elderly are often more responsible and reliable.
How to make retirees a talent bonus
Re-employment of retirees, will not steal the jobs of young people?
As an expert in the field of pensions and a retired professor, Dong Keyong gave the answer "no".
"With proper institutional arrangements, there will not be too many conflicts between the elderly and young people in terms of fields and job choices." Dong Keyong believes that in the case of a decrease in the total working-age population, it is "difficult to recruit workers" in some industries. The re-employment of retired elderly people can fill the needs of employment. "The elderly with professional expertise will play a role and help increase the total human capital of the whole society."
According to the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, comparing the data of the seventh national census in 2020 and the fifth national census in 2000, the population aged 60 and over increased from 10.33% to 18.70%, and the population aged 65 and over increased from 6.96%. % increased to 13.50%.
At present, China is the only country with an elderly population exceeding 200 million.
If some of them re-enter the labor market, it will undoubtedly be a supplement to the working-age population aged 16-59.
Among these elderly labor force, retired elderly with higher education and professional skills like Wu Wei and Ms. Zheng are not only human resources, but also a kind of human resources.
"By 2050, the number of elderly people with higher education will exceed 80.5 million." Du Peng, vice president of Renmin University of China and director of the Institute of Gerontology, provided a set of data predicted by the project research team.
The project research team calculated the education level of the elderly population in the past 30 years by using the data of the census and 1% population sample survey since 1982, by age, sex, and education level.
On this basis, the project research team based on the assumption that the education level of the birth cohort above a certain age is basically stable, and the prediction based on the most classic and mainstream cohort element method in demography shows that according to the method of dividing the elderly population in my country, to the comprehensive When the country was built into a powerful modern socialist country, the post-90s began to live a retirement life, and among the educated population, the proportion of college graduates and above was 16.8%.
"Chinese-style modernization is a modernization with a huge population, and behind it is an ever-increasing elderly group. It is of great significance to implement the national strategy to actively respond to population aging." Du Peng said, according to the "2021 National Aging Development Bulletin", As of the end of 2021, China's elderly population aged 60 and over will exceed 260 million, accounting for more than a quarter of the world's elderly population. "Solving the problems of this part of the elderly is an arduous task, but it plays an important role in the economic development of China and the world." effect".
In this context, "a new aging culture is emerging in the process of Chinese-style modernization."
Du Peng believes that the standard of "retirement" in the future will continue to change with the extension of the average life expectancy, combined with the elderly's own abilities, social needs and policy orientation.
"Retirement is no longer the end of social participation." Du Peng pointed out that the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Strengthening the Work on Aging in the New Era" issued in November last year clearly stated that "integrating the concept of positive aging and healthy aging into the economy and society The whole process of development", which also mentioned, "encourage the elderly to continue to play their role, combine the elderly with the care of the elderly, improve employment, volunteer services, community governance and other policies and measures, and give full play to the role of the young elderly" , "Comprehensively clean up the unreasonable regulations that prevent the elderly from continuing to play a role."
Du Peng said that the younger generation can actively respond to population aging from two aspects: on the one hand, as the children of the elderly, they should pay attention to the improvement of the spiritual life of the elderly and bridging the digital divide; For the older generation, young people should pay attention to the new changes in the market brought about by the level of economic development and education, that is, the transition from labor-intensive to knowledge-intensive requires scientific knowledge and technology, and also pay attention to the development of the social security system How to influence and change the way I take care of my parents and the way I take care of myself.
"With the help of scientific and technological means, perfect system construction, and establish a positive view of the elderly, so as to improve the level of governance of aging issues, only the elderly can have a sense of gain, happiness, and security." Du Peng said.
China Youth Daily·China Youth Net trainee reporter Yuan Jie and Wei Wan Source: China Youth Daily