Look! These "golden ideas" have become "golden keys" to protect people's livelihood
——Focus on the proposals of deputies to the National People's Congress to handle the work
【Dharma Eye View】
How to make the "orphan of medicine" no longer lonely, and how to solve the problem of "one person is disabled and the whole family is out of balance"? How can state-owned scenic spots return to their public welfare attributes? Severely crack down on fraudulent defrauding of medical insurance funds, so that medical insurance funds can truly become the "life-saving money" of ordinary people... Since the 13th National People's Congress took office, they have put forward 2,282 proposals and 42,675 suggestions, which have basically been completed.
Putting forward bills and suggestions in accordance with the law is an important right granted to deputies to the people's congresses by the Constitution and laws. Deputies to the National People's Congress put forward bills and suggestions, which represent the interests and will of the people; state organs handling deputies' bills and suggestions embody the constitutional principle of being responsible to the people and subject to their supervision. The reporter selected several cases in which the representative proposed to handle the work, to see how the representative's suggestion was transformed into policy measures that benefited people's livelihood and warmed people's hearts.
1. Provide good "insurance" for delivery staff
Recently, the news that a car driver killed a delivery man by opening the door once again aroused people's condemnation of "opening the door to kill".
The topic of the high accident rate of takeaway workers has become a hot topic in recent years.
The shortened takeaway delivery time will undoubtedly make people's lives more convenient, but how to protect the safety and rights of the takeaway staff?
"The relationship between food delivery platforms and riders is a digital labor relationship. The pursuit of shorter and shorter delivery times is an important reason for the increasing number of traffic accidents." Representative of the National People's Congress, Tianhe Ecological Agriculture Professional Cooperative, Jianhu County, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province Chairman Luman told reporters that delivery time is the most important indicator in the system setting of the food delivery platform. Once the overtime occurs, it means bad reviews, reduced income, or even being eliminated.
"Speeding, running red lights, and going the wrong way are riders' last resort behaviors under the control of system algorithms." Luman once saw this sentence in an online forum where food delivery riders gather: delivering food is a race against death, and The traffic police compete with each other and make friends with the red light.
What is the current situation of riders' labor security rights under the background of the Internet?
Luman has done related investigations.
During this investigation, many problems were found: the legal relationship between employment is blurred, overtime is common, insurance protection is insufficient, and rights protection is difficult... Luman’s analysis believes that under the background of the Internet, takeaway riders have fallen into a "quake". The identification of the relationship is too rigid, secondly, the legal awareness of the employer and the delivery rider is weak, and the government supervision is not enough.
"It is a legal obligation for employers to pay social insurance for employees, but we found that some food delivery platforms purchased insurance for riders as accident insurance, not work-related injury insurance." Luman told reporters.
After many investigations and visits, a representative proposal on protecting the rights and interests of takeaway riders was submitted to the Fourth Session of the Thirteenth National People's Congress.
In this proposal, in addition to flexibly defining the employment relationship and cultivating riders' safety and legal awareness, Luman also put forward his own views on improving the insurance system and increasing government supervision.
After the proposal is submitted, it will be handled by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Ministry of Public Security, and the State Administration of Taxation.
In December 2021, ten departments jointly issued the "Notice on Carrying out the Pilot Program of Occupational Injury Security for Employed Personnel in New Employment Forms"; Management Regulations (Trial)” to strengthen the constraints on platform companies, and from the source, employees who provide new employment forms such as travel, takeaway, instant delivery and intra-city freight are included in the scope of occupational injury protection.
The pilot work has been launched in July 2022 in 7 provinces and cities including Beijing and Shanghai, and some group personnel such as riders employed by food delivery platform companies have obtained occupational injury protection rights.
A person from the State Administration of Taxation said that this is a precedent for new employment forms to participate in social insurance.
It is understood that previously, due to the relatively flexible employment methods and unfixed working hours of employees in the new employment form, it was difficult for most workers to directly confirm the legal labor relationship with the platform companies, and it was difficult to be included in the adjustment scope of my country's current labor law, and they were unable to participate in the current work-related injuries. In the insurance system, rights and interests cannot be guaranteed after being injured by an accident.
The introduction of the new employment form occupational injury protection policy has untied the rigid condition of labor relations from participating in the work-related injury insurance system, and explored a new path for new employment forms to participate in the social insurance system.
On the representative's suggestion handling and reply form for soliciting opinions, Luman solemnly wrote two sentences: It is recommended to study and implement the pilot work of employment injury protection for flexible employment personnel on the platform.
Continue to improve the payment service level, and do a good job in the collection and management of social insurance premiums.
2. Let the "retired" power battery turn waste into treasure
In recent years, my country's new energy automobile industry has entered the "fast lane".
According to statistics, my country's production of new energy vehicles has ranked first in the world for seven consecutive years.
As of the end of September 2022, the number of new energy vehicles in the country will reach 11.49 million.
Power batteries are the "heart" of new energy vehicles.
It is understood that most of the current new energy vehicle batteries are lithium batteries, and the service life is about 5 to 8 years.
Since 2021, the scale of waste power batteries has increased sharply.
Many industry insiders predict that my country will need to recycle more than 900,000 tons of waste power batteries in three years.
Power battery recycling has entered a critical period!
"In recent years, the decommissioning of new energy vehicle power batteries has been increasing year by year. If they cannot be recycled properly, it will bring about major safety and environmental protection problems, and it will also cause waste of strategic resources such as cobalt and lithium." National People's Congress Representative, Zhejiang West Zhou Hui, director of the commercial development department of Bella Compressor Company, believes that accelerating the establishment of a scientific and standardized power battery recycling system and alleviating resource shortages through battery recycling and recycling is crucial to promoting the healthy and orderly development of the new energy vehicle industry.
"The waste battery recycling industry urgently needs to establish supporting laws and regulations to standardize industry behavior and management measures." Zhou Hui pointed out.
Through big data research and visits to waste power battery recycling outlets to collect information, Zhou Hui found that the current policies and standards lack mandatory management measures, and there is no rigid binding force on the main body of each link of power battery recycling.
"Intermediary traders and informal recycling companies use unreasonable prices for recycling, and waste power batteries flow into illegal channels. There are no strong punitive measures and management methods, and waste power batteries cannot be returned to standardized recycling outlets and Comprehensive utilization of enterprises." Zhou Hui told reporters.
"In addition, the country only has the industry normative announcement conditions for the comprehensive utilization of new energy vehicle power batteries, and there are no clear access conditions and differentiated policies. There are a number of comprehensive utilization companies in the market that lack safe and environmentally friendly treatment facilities and low construction costs. Batteries After entering such enterprises, it will not only disrupt the market, but also bring safety and environmental risks to the society.” Zhou Hui said.
At the National Two Sessions in 2021, Zhou Hui submitted a proposal on mandatory recycling and standardized comprehensive utilization of waste power batteries for new energy vehicles.
After the proposal is submitted, it will be handled by the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Commerce, the State Administration of Taxation, and the State Administration for Market Regulation.
Relevant departments have interpreted and explained the policies from five aspects: strengthening the top-level design of the management system, strengthening the supervision of information traceability, solidly promoting the construction of the recycling system, promoting standard formulation and technological innovation, and strengthening financial and taxation policy support, and proposed to further improve the management system, accelerate the improvement of the standard system, and strengthen policy support.
It is understood that the current "New Energy Vehicle Traction Battery Recycling Management Measures" has been researched and formulated.
The method will focus on improving the power battery recycling system, support the research and promotion of a number of key technologies such as flexible disassembly and efficient recycling, continue to implement industry-standard management, and improve the level of power battery recycling.
"It is recommended to promote the formulation of recycling standards and technological innovation for the recycling of waste power batteries of new energy vehicles as soon as possible to ensure environmental safety and ensure that rare resources such as cobalt and lithium are fully recovered and put into the recycling process." Zhou Hui said this when asked about new expectations.
3. Guard "safety at the tip of the pen"
Students have to deal with stationery every day, a pen and an eraser are very familiar.
However, although the stationery is small, the risk is not small.
Some parents of students expressed concern: Some stationery is brightly colored and fragrant, and children often chew on it. These stationery are not always "clean" and the quality does not necessarily meet the standards, which may endanger children's health.
It is of great significance to regulate the stationery market and protect the "safety on the pen tip" of students.
Aiming at the potential quality and safety problems of student stationery, in 2020, Li Zhiqiang, then deputy director of the Shanxi Provincial Market Supervision Bureau, put forward "Suggestions on Strengthening the Quality and Safety of Student Stationery" at the Third Session of the 13th National People's Congress.
In his proposal, Li Zhiqiang said that legislation should be used to ensure the quality and safety of stationery, improve the supporting systems and systems related to the Product Quality Law, improve the standard system for stationery, and thoroughly investigate and rectify key stationery and key production and operation areas to reduce potential safety hazards.
At the same time, market supervision should be strengthened, supervision methods should be innovated, and the quality and safety of stationery products should be guaranteed from the source, and the public should pay more attention to the quality and safety of school supplies by strengthening publicity and education.
People's livelihood is no small matter.
In response to the suggestions put forward by Li Zhiqiang, the State Administration for Market Regulation actively promoted the resolution of the problems involved in the recommendations and work improvement, communicated with Li Zhiqiang about the work of the Ministry of Education and the State Administration for Market Regulation, and gained an in-depth understanding of the background and requirements of his suggestions.
On this basis, in September 2020, the State Administration for Market Regulation issued a document to reply to the proposal.
The reply stated that the State Administration of Market Supervision included student stationery products in the "National Key Product Quality Safety Supervision Catalog (2020 Edition)", and deployed the entire system to implement key supervision on the quality of student stationery products.
Through the construction of stationery product quality and safety risk monitoring stations, strengthen the monitoring of stationery product quality and safety risks, and timely discover, warn and deal with prominent problems in product quality and safety.
The State Administration of Market Supervision also listed student supplies as key products, strengthened the investigation and punishment of cases related to quality, measurement, certification, and standardization, and focused on investigating and punishing products that do not meet the requirements of mandatory standards, "three noes" products, and counterfeit and shoddy products.
The State Administration of Market Supervision organized a national supervision and spot check on stationery for students. For issues such as writing performance, core tip stress, non-volatile content, and free formaldehyde found in the spot check, the local market supervision department investigated and dealt with the unqualified products involved in accordance with the law. its production enterprises.
Regarding Li Zhiqiang's suggestion on improving the stationery standard system and promoting the quality and safety supervision of stationery with standards, the State Administration for Market Regulation replied that my country has 8 national standards in the field of stationery, including the "Stationery Safety Mark".
On July 23, 2020, the State Administration for Market Regulation issued the mandatory national standard "General Safety Requirements for Student Supplies".
This revision, on the basis of the original 2007 standard, expanded product categories such as compasses, book covers, ink, utility knives, manual pencil sharpeners, etc., for liquid adhesives, school bags, pencil cases, colored clay, erasers and plastics. Products such as components have increased the requirements for the limit of hazardous substances.
As consumers and users of stationery, how should parents and students pay attention?
Li Zhiqiang believes that publicity and education for students should be strengthened, and the public should pay more attention to the quality and safety of student supplies.
This suggestion has been taken seriously by the Ministry of Education.
The Ministry of Education protects students' "safety at the tip of their pens" and safeguards their legitimate rights and interests by incorporating quality and safety education, including stationery, into the curriculum of primary and secondary schools, launching a series of special education activities, and guiding parents to perform safety guardianship duties.
(Our reporter Liu Huadong Wang Jinhu)
Case link
Promoting the supply guarantee of medicines in short supply
Since 2018, the National Health and Medical Commission has successively received more than 10 cases related to drug supply security, including establishing an integrated solution for major diseases and drug security, strengthening and improving the emergency rescue and shortage drug supply security mechanism, and strengthening the supply and price stability of shortage drugs. proposed by the National People's Congress.
In 2019, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Further Improving the Work of Guaranteeing the Supply and Stabilizing Prices of Drugs in Shortage", which proposed to include the establishment of a collaborative monitoring mechanism, management of the list of drugs in short supply, implementation of production suspension reports for drugs in shortage, implementation of direct linking to the network and independent filing Eight important measures including purchasing policy, improving the normal reserve mechanism for drugs in short supply, and strengthening the monitoring and early warning of abnormal prices.
Driven by relevant recommendations, the National Health and Medical Commission initially established an interdepartmental monitoring information sharing and sharing cooperation mechanism in 2021, which improved the monitoring and early warning, risk assessment and response capabilities of shortage drugs.
In 2019, a national, provincial, municipal, and county-level drug shortage monitoring and response system will be formed; in 2020, the national list of drug shortages and the key monitoring list of clinically necessary and easily-shortage drugs will be announced for the first time; promote the realization of a stable and smooth drug supply chain, and improve the drug supply chain, including shortages The stockpile system for pharmaceutical products, including medicines, has been strengthened, and law enforcement has been continuously strengthened for violations of laws and regulations.
Pensions for elderly rural residents
Many elderly people in rural areas were over 60 years old when the country launched the new rural insurance in 2009. Since they had no personal account accumulation, their pension insurance benefits were relatively low.
In 2020, at the Third Session of the Thirteenth National People's Congress, Lin Shuiqi, a deputy to the National People's Congress, put forward a suggestion that the pension standard should be raised and the senior citizens should be properly tilted, and the central financial subsidy should be increased.
In this regard, the relevant departments sorted out and analyzed the level of endowment insurance benefits for urban and rural residents across the country and the composition of endowment insurance benefits for elderly rural residents, and successively guided local governments to introduce policies that are appropriately inclined to the elderly.
According to the opinions jointly issued by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Finance, the local government should give appropriate preference to urban and rural elderly residents aged 65 and above who are insured.
For the elderly, all regions have introduced specific measures to give appropriate inclinations to the basic pension for the elderly.
Starting from July 1, 2020, the minimum basic pension standard for urban and rural residents will be raised from 88 yuan per person per month to 93 yuan per person per month, and from July 1, 2022 to 98 yuan per person per month. Raise basic pension standards according to local conditions.
The central government provides full subsidies to the central and western regions according to the basic pension standards determined by the central government, and 50% subsidies to the eastern regions.
From 2009 to 2021, the central government has issued a total of about 1.2 trillion yuan in urban and rural housing insurance subsidies.
Tax relief for raising infants and young children
"Children are between 0 and 3 years old, and they are in the golden period of early education. Parents invest a lot in their children's education during this period. It is recommended to include the infant raising stage in the special additional deduction for children's education." During the Fourth Session of the Third National People's Congress, Zhuo Changli, a representative of the National People's Congress, proposed to include the stage of raising infants and young children in the special additional deduction for children's education.
In March this year, the State Council issued the "Notice on the Establishment of Special Additional Deductions for Individual Income Tax Deductions for the Care of Infants and Young Children Under the Age of 3", stipulating that from January 1, 2022, taxpayers' expenses related to the care of infants and children under the age of 3 shall be calculated and paid Before personal income tax, the standard deduction of 1,000 yuan per month for each infant shall be used.
After the introduction of the policy, the care expenses for children aged 0 to 3 have been included in the scope of the special additional deduction policy, and the deduction standard is consistent with the children's education.
From March 29 this year, eligible taxpayers can fill in and enjoy the deduction through the mobile personal income tax app.
The suggestions put forward by the representatives have been implemented through the implementation of national policies, and the parents of infants and young children aged 0 to 3 have generally benefited.
(Interview and arrangement by reporter Liu Huadong)