Three men and two women from different European countries receive the prestigious assignment, and among the reserves is a Swede, 42-year-old Marcus Wandt from Linköping.
It is the first time since 2009 that candidates have been admitted to the European Astronaut Corps.
The new space students consist of Sophie Adenot (France), Pablo Álvarez Fernández (Spain), Rosemary Coogan (Great Britain), Raphael Liégeois (Belgium) and Marco Sieber (Switzerland).
What is also new is that around 20 people have been accepted as reserves.
In addition, Europe will get its first "paraastronaut" - British Paralympic sprinter John McFall - who will take part in a project investigating the possibility of people with physical disabilities working in space.
22,523 people applied to join the Esa programme, which is more than double the number of the previous admission process which started in 2008.
18 Swedes were among the 1,361 that Esa invited for psychological tests in February.
Then interviews, group tests and medical tests awaited before the thinning was complete.
Marcus Wandt, who is thus on the space program's reserve list, is a trained electronics engineer at Chalmers University of Technology and has also completed the officer program at Karlberg Military University.
He is a trained fighter pilot in both Sweden and the USA and has worked as responsible test pilot and head of flight operations at Saab Aeronautics.