On October 23, 2022, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, and members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Li Qiang, Zhao Leji, Wang Huning, Cai Qi, Ding Xuexiang, Li Xi, who were just elected at the first plenary meeting of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China In the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, I cordially met with Chinese and foreign journalists covering the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.
This is Xi Jinping waving to the Chinese and foreign journalists present.
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Pang Xinglei
Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, October 25th, title: Xi Jinping, the leader of the new journey
Xinhua News Agency reporter
At the First Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, Xi Jinping was elected to continue as General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee.
He delivered a speech in front of Chinese and foreign media, saying, "We are embarking on a new journey of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way, marching towards the second centenary goal, and comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization."
On October 16, 2022, the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China opened in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.
Xi Jinping made a report to the congress on behalf of the 19th Central Committee.
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Ju Peng
Since he served as General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee for 10 years, China has undergone landmark changes, with the total economic volume jumping from 54 trillion yuan to 114 trillion yuan, winning the battle against poverty as scheduled, completing the historical task of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, and realizing the first A century-old goal.
As the core of the CPC Central Committee and the core of the entire party, Xi Jinping shoulders a heavy responsibility.
He united and led the whole party, the whole army and the people of all ethnic groups in the country to fulfill the promise of the Chinese Dream made 10 years ago, vigorously promote reform, opening up and modernization, lead the creation of a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and lead the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation into an inevitable Reversing the course of history.
Robert Kuhn, an American scholar who authored the book How Chinese Leaders Think, said that Xi Jinping has an objective and comprehensive understanding of China's national conditions and has detailed and rational thinking about China's future.
Stephen Perry, chairman of the 48 Group Club in the UK, said that all the motivation for Xi Jinping to do things comes from the people, which is crucial to China's current development.
Samano Pholsena, former deputy general manager of the Lao National Electric Power Company, who was a classmate with Xi Jinping at the Bayi School in Beijing, said that Xi Jinping does not do things for personal gain, but for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and in the process, let the world also benefit.
1. All the way from the Yellow Earth
"More than 8 years later, the general secretary's 'eldest sister' called to my heart. When I think about it, I feel very warm." Shi Basan recalled.
In November 2013, Xi Jinping came to Shibadong Village in Xiangxi, Hunan Province along the narrow mountain road, and walked into the three villagers of Shiba.
Shi Basan was illiterate, hadn't watched TV, and didn't know the general secretary of the party.
She asked, "What do you call you?" Xi Jinping took her by the hand and said, "I'm a servant of the people." Knowing that Shi Basan was 64 years old, Xi Jinping said, "You are the eldest sister."
In October 2021, the estuary of the Yellow River in Dongying, Shandong Province.
Xi Jinping walked into the field, leaned over and picked a bean pod, twisted it in a pinch, checked the quality, put a soybean in his mouth, and chewed it carefully: "The bean grows very well." The person in charge of agricultural technology on the side sighed: " This is something old peasants only do."
In the past 10 years, Xi Jinping has visited the grass-roots level about 100 times.
He paid New Year's greetings to the courier in the hutong, talked with the migrant workers at the construction site, discussed with the "brother" and "sister" in the taxi company how to solve the problem of taxiing during the New Year, and praised the sanitation workers as the city's "beauticians" at the cleaning station "...These words and deeds reveal the genuine affection of the Party general secretary who has come from the Yellow Land all the way to the people.
In June 1953, Xi Jinping was born into a revolutionary family.
His father, Xi Zhongxun, was a proletarian revolutionary of the older generation of the CCP.
Xi Jinping has been deeply influenced by his father since he was a child.
Later, he described his father as "like an old scalper, working silently for the Chinese people"; "This also inspired me to devote my whole life to the cause of serving the people, and to repay the splendid China and my fellow villagers who raised me." .
On February 13, 2015, Xi Jinping visited villagers in Liangjiahe Village, Wen'anyi Town, Yanchuan County, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, and conducted a field survey on poverty alleviation in the old area.
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Lan Hongguang
Before he was 16 years old, Xi Jinping left Beijing, took a sewing bag embroidered with the words "Mother's Heart" embroidered by his mother Qixin with him, and went to the rural areas of northern Shaanxi to work in queues for seven years.
He refers to himself as a farmer as he recalls his life.
He stayed away from his family, slept in cave dwellings, was bitten by fleas, and together with his villagers, he tended sheep, cut grass, picked dung, pulled coal, and suffered from all kinds of hardships.
Xi Jinping joined the Communist Party of China in Liangjiahe and served as secretary of the party branch of the brigade.
His wish is "to let the villagers feast on meat".
He led the villagers to dig wells, repair check dams, repair terraces, and build biogas digesters.
A year later, the situation of the villagers fleeing from the famine without enough food is nowhere to be seen.
In 2013, when Xi Jinping visited Costa Rica, when he was a guest at a farmer's house, he especially mentioned his experience as a farmer.
“Few national leaders are proud of being a farmer,” said Alberto, the son of a farmer. “Other leaders may not mention this experience, but not Xi Jinping.”
On June 3, 2013, Xi Jinping and his wife Peng Liyuan, who were on a state visit to Costa Rica, visited the Zamora family, a local farmer, and had cordial exchanges with them.
Xinhua News Agency (Photo by Zhang Duo)
The harsh rural life makes Xi Jinping especially cherish food.
After serving as the general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, he repeatedly gave instructions on "waste on the tip of the tongue" and demanded to carry out "Operation CD-ROM".
He repeatedly told the Chinese people to "hold their rice bowls firmly in their own hands".
Xi Jinping said that his understanding of the word "people" came from his feelings when he jumped into the queue in northern Shaanxi.
The idea of serving the people permeated his political career.
After graduating from college in the late 1970s, Xi Jinping entered the General Office of the Central Military Commission as the secretary of the defense minister. Three years later, he voluntarily applied for grass-roots work and came to work in impoverished Zhengding County, Hebei.
His wife Peng Liyuan recalled that many of his classmates went abroad to make money, and he did not go out without conditions, but he chose a more difficult path and chose the path of being a public servant of the people.
In 1989, Xi Jinping, then secretary of the Ningde Prefectural Party Committee in Fujian Province, led more than a thousand cadres from the prefecture-level agencies to the Nanji Water Conservancy Construction Site in Ningde County to participate in the labor of clearing ditches, removing obstacles and repairing canals.
Xinhua News Agency
In the three years of Zhengding, Xi Jinping rode his bicycle throughout 25 communes and more than 220 brigades in the county.
Sometimes, when he went to the countryside for an inspection, just in time for the villagers to hoe the land and thin the seedlings, Xi Jinping rolled up his sleeves and picked up the hoe to work with the villagers.
He also gave the jeep of the county party committee to the reporter.
He said: "Reporters have a tight schedule and heavy tasks. They run a lot and have a long way to go."
After that, he went to the coastal city of Xiamen, Fujian as the deputy mayor.
He bought a "Wuyi" brand bicycle and took the staff to the community street or factory to investigate.
After that, Xi Jinping went to the Ningde area as the secretary of the prefectural party committee.
He took cadres to the impoverished Xiadang Township for research, and when there was no way, they cut weeds with knives and walked over.
Seeing that the farmers were poor, Xi Jinping gave them his own money.
He decided to build roads and hydropower stations in the village, indicating the way out of poverty.
In Zhengding, he traveled to all villages; in Ningde, he traveled to 9 counties within 3 months of taking office, and then traveled to most towns and villages; after taking office in Zhejiang, he traveled to 90 counties in the whole province in more than a year. Counties and urban areas; 7 months in Shanghai, he traveled all over the city's 19 districts and counties; after serving as general secretary, his footprints covered 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities and the two special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.
He repeatedly quoted Mao Zedong's famous saying that "without investigation, there is no right to speak" and emphasized that cadres should master the "basic skill" of grassroots investigation.
At the end of December 2012, after serving as general secretary for more than a month, Xi Jinping went to visit the poor households in Fuping, Hebei, sitting cross-legged on the kang, holding hands with fellow villagers, and asking in detail about their living conditions.
During this trip, he issued a mobilization order for the whole party and the whole country to fight against poverty.
Two months before the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Xi Jinping walked into a renovated old community in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, and cared about the daily life of the residents.
On December 30, 2012, Xi Jinping visited elderly Tang Rongbin's family in Luotuowan Village, Longquanguan Town, Fuping County, Hebei Province.
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Lan Hongguang
Xi Jinping worked in Fujian for 17 and a half years.
In a place with beautiful mountains and clear waters, his emotion for nature is further sublimated.
Once he inspected Shangqingxi in Taining County, a red carp jumped on the bamboo raft, and the platoon workers said it was a good thing.
However, Xi Jinping took off the shoe cover, filled it with water, put the carp in, and released it in a safe place downstream, and told his colleagues to "be sure to protect the environment."
After serving as general secretary, he turned the assertion that "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" put forward in his tenure as secretary of the Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee into an unprecedented scale of national ecological civilization construction.
He continued the "visiting system" established in Fujian until he served as secretary of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee.
In 2007, many contradictions were highlighted in Shanghai. The problems of relocation, corporate restructuring, and the distribution of rural land and collective assets were all difficult problems.
Xi Jinping proposed that leading cadres should visit.
Some people were worried about "getting into trouble", but Xi Jinping was very firm, saying: "I have done visits in Zhejiang, and I have encountered large scenes of thousands of people. There is nothing to be afraid of."
After Xi Jinping came to work in the central government, he continued to carry forward his character of being close to the people.
On the eve of the Spring Festival, he would be a guest at the homes of ordinary people and send holiday greetings.
The experience of starvation and farming in the countryside in his early years may explain that he has to lift the lid of the pot, inspect the cellar, touch the fire wall, and look at the toilet almost every time in the home of the fellow.
He also frequently keeps in touch with the public by means of correspondence, ranging from large grain farmers to private entrepreneurs, from elementary school students in old revolutionary areas to young scholars who have returned from studying abroad, from Wulan cavalrymen to border guards and soldiers.
In 2013, he made the decision-making and deployment of targeted poverty alleviation, and dispatched 255,000 village teams, more than 3 million first secretaries and village cadres to rural areas to help poor farmers point-to-point.
According to Kuhn, Xi Jinping's leadership and determination to deliver on his promise of poverty alleviation are one of the main reasons for China's successful poverty alleviation.
Men do not cry easily, but Xi Jinping sheds tears for the people.
In 1966, a junior high school teacher read "The Example of the Secretary of the County Party Committee - Jiao Yulu" in class, and Xi Jinping burst into tears.
"Whether I went to the mountains and the countryside, went to university, joined the army, or did leadership work, the image of Comrade Jiao Yulu has always been in my heart." Xi Jinping said.
He also recalled: "The moment when I said goodbye to Liangjiahe Village was the most unforgettable thing in the queue. That time I cried in public." "New Year's goods" to the villagers to greet the New Year.
This is the period of going to the countryside in 1973, Xi Jinping (second from left) in Yanchuan County, Shaanxi Province.
Xinhua News Agency
Sharing weal and woe with the people enabled Xi Jinping to consolidate and deepen his ideals and beliefs when he joined the party.
He summed it up as: seeking happiness for the people and rejuvenation for the nation.
In the past 10 years, he initiated 5 centralized learning and education within the party, requiring party members to "never forget their original aspirations and keep their mission in mind".
When Xi Jinping was young, his mother Qixin told him the story of Yue Fei's "serving the country with loyalty".
"The four words 'serving the country with loyalty and loyalty' have been remembered from that time until now, and it is also the goal that I have pursued throughout my life," he said.
Xi Jinping is well aware of China's suffering a hundred years ago, describing it as "a scene of decay and withering".
In 2018, when he inspected Liugong Island in Shandong, he boarded the fort site and pondered for a long time facing the Yellow Sea.
In the Sino-Japanese War Museum, he completely recited Wen Yiduo's "Song of the Seven Sons Weihaiwei".
This small island of less than 4 square kilometers witnessed the collapse of the Beiyang Navy of the Qing Dynasty, which was known as the "No. 1 in the Far East" more than a century ago. The defeat forced the Qing government to cede Taiwan and compensate Japan with huge sums of money.
Xi Jinping was the first general secretary of the CPC Central Committee born in New China. He felt the pride of the republic “standing up”—the victory of resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea, establishing a relatively complete industrial system, and creating “two bombs and one star”... He praised these achievements, saying "Only socialism can save China, and only socialism can develop China."
Xi Jinping devoted himself to reform and opening up with passion.
From the relatively backward inland to the developed coastal areas, he is a leader in attracting investment, promoting foreign trade, and promoting the common development of various ownership economies.
During Xi Jinping's work in Fuzhou, it was the stage when the local area attracted the most Taiwanese and foreign-funded enterprises.
In Zhejiang, he supported the development of private enterprises and asked people to learn the spirit of struggle and struggle of private entrepreneurs.
After becoming general secretary, Xi Jinping presided over a symposium on private enterprises.
He said, "private enterprises and private entrepreneurs are our own people", "my country's private economy can only grow, not weaken."
He is good at thinking from a pragmatic and long-term strategic perspective.
In Fuzhou, he proposed the "3820" project and asked to "do it right away and do it really hard".
The "eight-eight strategy" he proposed is still the guide for the development of Zhejiang Province.
He advocated the construction of "Digital Fujian" and "Digital Zhejiang" very early, and installed an information engine for regional development.
"He can always foresee the economic situation in the longer term," said Wang Jing, a private entrepreneur in Fujian.
In 2020, Xi Jinping led the drafting of the CPC Central Committee's recommendations on formulating the "14th Five-Year Plan" and the long-term goals for 2035, making systematic plans for China's long-term development.
In order to plan well, he presided over several symposiums, listened to the opinions and suggestions of entrepreneurs, scientists, grass-roots representatives and other aspects, and instructed to conduct online consultation.
Netizens actively participated and left more than 1 million messages, from which relevant parties compiled more than 1,000 suggestions.
Xi Jinping participated in the preparations for the World Expo during his tenure as Secretary of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee and Vice-President of the State.
The Shanghai World Expo, attended by 246 countries and international organizations, attracted more than 73 million people from home and abroad to the site.
After taking office as general secretary, Xi Jinping proposed the establishment of the world's first import-themed national-level exhibition, the China International Import Expo.
He promoted the formation of a national-level "exhibition matrix" including the China International Import Expo, the Service Trade Fair, the Consumer Expo and the Canton Fair, to expand opening to the outside world and meet the growing needs of Chinese consumers for a better life.
On November 5, 2018, the first China International Import Expo opened in Shanghai.
Xi Jinping attended the opening ceremony and delivered a keynote speech entitled "Jointly Build an Innovative and Inclusive Open World Economy".
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Xueren
During Xi Jinping's ten years as general secretary, the wealth of the people has continued to grow.
In 2021, the per capita disposable income of Chinese residents will be 35,128 yuan, an increase of nearly 80% over 2012.
The income ratio of urban and rural residents narrowed to 2.5:1.
In Xi Jinping's words, everything we do is "for the benefit of the people."
In his self-reported article "I am the Son of Yellow Earth", he wrote: "Love the people like you love your parents, seek benefits for the people, and lead the people to a better life." After he became general secretary in 2012, he said: "The people The yearning for a better life is our goal." After being elected general secretary at the First Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, he said, "The people will always be our most solid support and the strongest confidence", "We must Always stand together with the people through thick and thin, and stick to the heart of the people.”
Xi Jinping has a very high "popularity" among the people.
An old party secretary in a mountain village gave him a thumbs up and praised him in person: "You, you did a good job!" The young man drew a "people-friendly image cartoon" for him on the Internet.
A survey by the Harvard Kennedy School of Government shows that the Chinese people are 93% satisfied with the Chinese government under the leadership of the Party.
According to a report released by Edelman, a world-renowned public relations consulting firm, the Chinese people's trust in the government will reach 91% in 2021, ranking first in the world.
2. Bring China to a strong future
There is an exhibit in the Port Opening Culture Exhibition Hall in Shantou, Guangdong, which is a plan related to Sun Yat-sen's "Strategy for the Founding of the People's Republic of China".
This blueprint of modern China's pursuit of modernization could not be put into practice under the conditions at that time.
Xi Jinping has stood before it for a long time.
He sighed: "Only we Chinese Communists have realized it." In his view, all the struggles that the Communist Party of China has united and led the Chinese people over the past century is to build China into a modern and powerful country and realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
On January 8, 2020, the education summary conference on the theme of "Don't forget your original intention and keep your mission in mind" was held in Beijing.
Xi Jinping attended the meeting and delivered an important speech.
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Ju Peng
The situation facing Xi Jinping when he took office 10 years ago was mixed.
At that time, China was already the world's second largest economy and the largest manufacturing country, but the downward pressure on China's economy was increasing, and the economic development mode urgently needed to be changed.
Solving problems such as corruption, environmental pollution, and the polarization between the rich and the poor are all challenges the CCP faces in governing.
Inside and outside the party expect Xi Jinping to bring about change.
He lived up to expectations and vowed to "strengthen the iron", carry out the party's self-revolutionary strategic deployment and formulate and implement a comprehensive and strict policy of governing the party.
Xi Jinping launched the largest anti-corruption struggle in the history of the CCP, saying: "What should be done must be done, and those who should be offended will be offended... If you don't offend hundreds of corrupt people, you must offend 1.3 billion people. "
Less than a month after the closing of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Li Chuncheng, the former deputy secretary of the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee, was investigated for corruption.
This opened the prelude to a strong anti-corruption campaign.
In the past 10 years, Zhou Yongkang, Bo Xilai, Guo Boxiong, Xu Caihou, Sun Zhengcai, Ling Jihua and other high-ranking "tigers" have been sacked, as well as national ministries and commissions, top leaders of central enterprises, and chief executives of provinces and cities, as well as county-level and township-level departments. Level cadres and some unremarkable-looking "sesame officials".
Xi Jinping declared that the anti-corruption struggle had won an overwhelming victory and was fully consolidated, but warned the whole party to keep a clear head, "always blow the horn of charge, and keep in mind that anti-corruption is always on the road."
In this way, he has ensured the purity and power of more than 96 million party members and more than 4.9 million grass-roots party organizations.
Xi Jinping believes that in order to build China into a great modern socialist country, the key is to uphold and strengthen the party's overall leadership.
He visited the revolutionary hometown, the red hot land, and relived the glorious years in every place, drawing strength from the party's century-old history.
He said that the century-old party should "always become the most reliable and strong backbone of the Chinese people".
He presided over the requirements of adhering to the truth, adhering to ideals, practicing the original intention, taking on the mission, not afraid of sacrifice, heroic struggle, loyalty to the party, and living up to the people's great spirit of party building, etc., were written into the party constitution at the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.
He repeatedly warned the whole party to learn from the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the collapse of the CPSU, and reiterated the necessity of building up the ideals and beliefs of communism, and demanded to strengthen the discipline of the party.
Within 20 days of being the general secretary, he presided over the formulation of the "eight regulations".
He instructed to strengthen the verification of the reports of leading cadres' personal matters, and regulate the behavior of the spouses, children and their spouses of more than 4,700 leading cadres in running businesses.
He led the formulation and revision of a series of intra-party regulations such as the "Several Guidelines on Political Life within the Party under the New Situation", and improved the inspection system for officials.
He led the establishment of the National Supervisory Commission to bring everyone in public office into oversight.
Xi Jinping played a key role in reshaping the party.
Liu Jingbei, vice president of China Pudong Cadre College, said that Xi Jinping has made the whole party more unified in thought, politically, and action, and the weakened, virtual, and marginalized leadership of the party in some localities and departments has been improved. Totally reversed.
"The comprehensive strengthening of the party's leadership provides a fundamental guarantee for the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation."
Xi Jinping called on people to learn from heroes, led the formulation of the Heroes and Martyrs Protection Law, and established and improved the merit and honor commendation system.
He put forward the core values of socialism, pointing out that the deepest, most fundamental and most eternal is patriotism.
In the past 10 years, "positive energy" has become one of the most familiar words among Chinese people.
On July 18, 2016, Xi Jinping presented a flower basket to the Red Army's Long March Reunion Monument in Jiangtaibao, Xiji County, Guyuan City, Ningxia.
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Tao
When he was still the secretary of the county party committee in Zhengding, Xi Jinping was thirsty for talents. He initiated three censuses of the county's intellectuals, established the first "talent account" in Zhengding's history, and wrote the "Recruitment List" for the whole country. Attract hundreds of professionals.
After serving as general secretary, Xi Jinping established the principle of employing people with both ability and political integrity and putting morality first.
The newly revised cadre appointment regulations advocate the standard of "loyal, clean and responsible" high-quality professional cadres.
Xi Jinping proposed that leading cadres should have eight skills - from being good at learning to being able to manage risks.
A large number of people with firm ideals and beliefs, who want to do things and can do things, have taken up leadership positions at all levels of the party, government and army.
He emphasized that "talent is the first resource", "to gather talents from all over the world and use them", and build a strong country with talents.
He called for the vigorous development of socialist democracy, saying that democracy is mainly used to solve the problems that the people need to solve, and that democracy in which the people are awakened only when they vote, and then goes dormant after voting, is formalistic.
In 2019, when he inspected a street in Shanghai, he proposed that "people's democracy is a democracy of the whole process".
In the past 10 years, the systems and procedures of democratic election, democratic consultation, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision have been further established and improved.
On November 2, 2019, at the Gubei Civic Center, Hongqiao Street, Changning District, Shanghai, Xi Jinping had a cordial conversation with Chinese and foreign residents who participated in the consultation meeting on the draft law, and asked in detail about the work of soliciting opinions on the draft law.
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Xie Huanchi
The comprehensive rule of law promoted by Xi Jinping is a profound revolution in national governance.
He proposed to basically build a country under the rule of law, a government under the rule of law, and a society under the rule of law by 2035.
Xi Jinping is the first Chinese president to be sworn in before the constitution.
He said that the constitution has the highest legal status, legal authority and legal effect.
In the past 10 years, the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee formulated 70 new laws and revised 238 laws.
A civil code belonging to the Chinese people was born, and citizens' rights were better protected.
The implementation of the first comprehensive and systematic foreign investment legislation, the Foreign Investment Law, promotes the implementation of high-level investment liberalization and facilitation policies.
In view of the blank areas in emerging fields, laws such as the Data Security Law and the Personal Information Protection Law have also been promulgated.
Xi Jinping has pushed to rectify the judicial ranks and eliminate the black sheep, saying that he will "strive to make the people feel fairness and justice in every judicial case".
On March 17, 2018, the Fifth Plenary Session of the First Session of the Thirteenth National People's Congress was held in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.
Xi Jinping was elected President of the People's Republic of China and Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China.
This is Xi Jinping's constitutional oath.
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Ju Peng
With the comprehensive strengthening of the Party's leadership, the establishment of democracy and the rule of law, and the intensification of the fight against corruption, the country with a population of 1.4 billion has maintained long-term social stability, and the environment for rapid economic development has become better.
Xi Jinping proposed to adapt to the new normal and promote reforms across the deep water.
Since taking office as general secretary, he has traveled to Guangdong, the frontier of reform and opening up, three times, declaring that "reform and opening up is the key move to determine the fate of contemporary China".
He took command of the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform, the Central Committee for Comprehensively Governing the Country by Law, the Central Network Security and Informatization Committee, the Central Finance and Economics Committee, the Central Foreign Affairs Commission, and the Central Audit Committee to strengthen the party's leadership of reform and opening up.
He called for the market to play a "decisive role" in resource allocation.
He led the streamlining of government agencies, tax cuts for companies, and a push for a new type of government-business relationship.
Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 2013, more than 2,000 reform plans have been launched in various fields, covering all aspects from party and state institutions, judicial system, economic system, culture, education, medical care, pension and other aspects.
The reform goals and tasks put forward by the plenary session have been generally completed as scheduled.
The number of pilot free trade zones has increased to 21, and the entire Hainan Island has become a free trade port.
Xi Jinping proposed a new development concept of innovation, coordination, greenness, openness and sharing.
Peter Koenig, a former senior economist at the World Bank, said that the new development concept is at the core of Xi Jinping's economic thought, which is a good description of the guiding principles of China's economic transformation.
Xi Jinping proposed supply-side structural reforms, leading China's economy to shift to "high-quality development", and accelerating the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic cycle as the mainstay and the domestic and international dual cycles mutually reinforcing.
In the past 10 years, the balance, coordination and sustainability of economic development have been significantly enhanced, which has also given China greater confidence and ability to overcome the risks and challenges that follow.
Xi Jinping often visits the front line of production and operation to promote economic development.
Once he went to the production workshop of a domestic car company and saw several self-owned brand cars parked, so he sat in and experienced it.
Xi Jinping told the research and development staff that "the development of new energy vehicles is the only way for my country to move from a big automobile country to a powerful automobile country", and the new energy automobile industry should "become a strong growth point".
Data show that since 2015, China's new energy vehicle production and sales have ranked first in the world for seven consecutive years.
Xi Jinping and village officials talked about the sales of ham and liquor.
During the new crown pneumonia epidemic, he walked into a live broadcast platform in a village, and was called by netizens as the "strongest freight forwarder"; then he went to care about the export orders of plush toys from the community factory.
He also walked into the alleys to the snack bar to look at the varieties, talk about standards, and ask about prices.
Under his leadership, China consolidated its position as the world's second-largest economy.
In the past 10 years, the GDP has doubled, and its proportion in the world economy has increased from 11.3% in 2012 to 18.5%. The average contribution rate of China's economy to world economic growth exceeds 30%.
China is the first major economy to return to positive economic growth after the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia.
In 2021, China's import and export volume will exceed 6 trillion US dollars, and the trade volume with the United States will increase by nearly 30% year-on-year, reaching 755.6 billion US dollars, a new record high.
According to the 2022 China Business Environment Survey Report by the American Chamber of Commerce in China, 66% of member companies plan to increase investment in China this year, and China remains one of the top three investment destinations for 60% of member companies' recent global investment plans.
On April 21, 2020, Xi Jinping came to Laoxian Town, Pingli County, Ankang City, Shaanxi Province, to inspect the situation of poverty alleviation in a tea garden.
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Yan Yan
Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized that "development must be people-centered".
He made the conclusion that the main contradiction in Chinese society has been transformed into "the contradiction between the people's ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development".
He cares about the common people "to educate the young, to learn and to teach, to work for income, to get medical care for the sick, to support the old, to live and to live, and to help the weak".
He inspected universities, primary and secondary schools, vocational schools, nursing homes, hospitals and welfare homes, checked recipes for the elderly, and told children to "civilize their spirits and savage their bodies."
Xi Jinping strives to promote "education to strengthen the country".
When working in Fuzhou, he served as the president of Minjiang Vocational University, and put forward the school-running policy of "not seeking the biggest, but the best, but to meet the needs of society".
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the proportion of national financial investment in education in GDP has remained above 4% for 10 consecutive years, and education has become the largest expenditure in the general public budget.
From the implementation of the "three-child" birth policy to the "double reduction" of education, from the establishment of the world's largest social security network and medical insurance network to the launch of the latest version of the National Medical Insurance Drug Catalogue, from the reform of the household registration system to the abolition of the re-education through labor system and the C&E system, from the promotion of garbage From classification, cleaning and heating, toilet revolution to advocating that "houses are for living, not for speculation", Xi Jinping has made specific instructions and deployments.
The coverage rate of barrier-free facilities for 85 million disabled people has also continued to improve under his promotion.
Xi Jinping officially put common prosperity on the agenda of his administration, emphasizing that this is the essential requirement of socialism.
Zhejiang Province, where he was Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee, is currently taking the lead and exploring the path for common prosperity for the country to achieve high-quality development.
"Gradually realize common prosperity for all people" was written into the party constitution at the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.
Xi Jinping said that on the road to common prosperity, no one should be left behind; in building a modern socialist country in an all-round way, no nation should be left behind.
There are 56 ethnic groups in China.
In the past 10 years, Xi Jinping has traveled to ethnic areas many times, and often said that all ethnic groups "must be hugged tightly like pomegranate seeds" and that they must forge a sense of community of the Chinese nation.
On July 13, 2022, Xi Jinping waved to the people of all ethnic groups when he inspected the Guyuan Lane community in Tianshan District, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Yan Yan
In the past 10 years, China's ecological and environmental protection has undergone historic, turning and overall changes.
The "dual carbon" target proposed by Xi Jinping shows China's ambition to participate in global climate governance.
He deployed a ten-year ban on fishing in the key waters of the Yangtze River Basin, and established a river chief system so that every river in the country has a "health guardian".
With the improvement of ecology, giant pandas, Tibetan antelopes, snow leopards, etc. have all removed their "endangered" labels.
Beijing was once severely polluted.
Xi Jinping once said that the first thing he did every morning when he woke up was to check the air quality.
He led China to carry out the prevention and control of air, water and soil pollution with unprecedented efforts.
Now not only the air quality in Beijing has improved significantly, but the whole country has also improved.
A study by the University of Chicago's Energy Policy Institute reported that China has reduced air pollutant concentrations by about 40% between 2013 and 2020, and if this trend continues, it will increase the average life expectancy of its citizens by two years.
Xi Jinping recognized the key role of scientific and technological innovation early on and devoted great enthusiasm and energy to it.
In Zhengding, a former radio station employee resigned to set up a factory and developed a new stage lighting device that can automatically recognize pitch changes.
Xi Jinping presented him with the "Self-taught Talent Award" printed with the words "Reward for Secretary of the County Party Committee and Mayor", and personally helped to open up product sales.
习近平担任总书记后，把科技创新摆在国家发展全局的核心位置，强调“科技是第一生产力”“创新是第一动力”，提出建设世界科技强国的战略目标。他主持政治局集体学习，请专家来讲授人工智能、大数据、量子科技、区块链等前沿科技议题。他考察航天中心、芯片科研所和高铁制造组装车间。他说，关键核心技术是要不来、买不来、讨不来的，必须牢牢掌握在自己手中。
世界知识产权组织发布的《2022年全球创新指数报告》显示，中国排名第11位，比2012年上升了23位。统计还表明，中国全社会研发经费支出从10年前的1万亿元增加到2.8万亿元，居世界第二位。
习近平与军队有着不解之缘，对军队怀有深厚感情。他主导了被称作具有“颠覆性”的军队改革，加快把人民军队建成世界一流军队。他率数百名高级军官重访古田，重申“党指挥枪”，查处一批涉及军队高层的违纪违法案件。他坚持完善中央军委主席负责制，形成军委管总、战区主战、军种主建新格局。人民军队紧紧扭住战斗力这个唯一根本标准，加强联合作战指挥体系和能力建设，大力纠治“和平积弊”。
习近平多次阅兵。他说：“能战方能止战。”10年间，中国两艘国产航母下水，第五代战机歼-20正式服役，东风-17弹道导弹批量装备，中国在高超音速武器研制方面走在前列。习近平表示，人民军队有信心、有能力维护国家主权、统一和领土完整，有信心、有能力为实现中华民族伟大复兴提供战略支撑，有信心、有能力为世界和平与发展作出更大贡献。
2019年12月17日，中国第一艘国产航空母舰山东舰在海南三亚某军港交付海军。习近平出席交接入列仪式并登舰视察。这是仪式结束后，习近平登上山东舰，检阅仪仗队。新华社记者 李刚 摄
“习近平是把中国带向‘强起来’的领导人。”“他攻克了许多长期没有解决的难题，办成了许多事关长远的大事要事。”“他作出的贡献是开创性、独特性和世界性的。”中外人士这样评论。
《习近平谈治国理政》汇集了他励精图治——包括统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局、协调推进“四个全面”战略布局——的思考和做法，已出版4卷。习近平从中国优秀传统文化中汲取治国理政智慧。他讲“治大国若烹小鲜”，指出面对国家前途和民族命运，更需有强烈历史使命感与责任感，并把握好治国火候。他说“天下之本在国，国之本在家”，意思是千家万户都好，国家才能好，民族才能好。
中共十九大上，习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想正式确立为中共的指导思想。这个思想继毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观后，被写入党章和宪法，指导中国在新时代新征程的各项事业。
《习近平谈治国理政》英文版改稿专家大卫·弗格森说，从脱贫攻坚到污染防治再到“一带一路”，习近平的思想涵盖各个领域，在各个层面落实到行动中，推动了中国过去10年发生历史性变化。
2016年中共十八届六中全会明确了习近平作为党中央的核心、全党的核心的地位。
习近平说：“党中央的核心、全党的核心，对我来说就是责任，我要用毕生精力和全部生命来回报党和人民的信任，鞠躬尽瘁、死而后已，赴汤蹈火、万死不辞。”
2014年3月17日，习近平在河南省兰考县调研指导党的群众路线教育实践活动时，参观焦裕禄同志纪念馆。新华社记者 李学仁 摄
5年后，中共十九届六中全会通过的《中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议》指出，党确立习近平同志党中央的核心、全党的核心地位，确立习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的指导地位，反映了全党全军全国各族人民共同心愿，对新时代党和国家事业发展、对推进中华民族伟大复兴历史进程具有决定性意义。
中共二十大认为，正是因为确立了习近平同志党中央的核心、全党的核心地位，确立了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的指导地位，党才有力解决了影响党长期执政、国家长治久安、人民幸福安康的突出矛盾和问题，消除了党、国家、军队内部存在的严重隐患，从根本上确保实现中华民族伟大复兴进入了不可逆转的历史进程。
理论界认为，习近平科学回答了中国之问、世界之问、人民之问、时代之问，进一步擘画了中国未来发展的新图景。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想是当代中国马克思主义、二十一世纪马克思主义，是中华文化和中国精神的时代精华，实现了马克思主义中国化时代化新的飞跃。
中国的每名干部、党员都在学习和实践习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想。国际上也有很多学者研究它。德国柏林普鲁士协会名誉主席福尔克尔·恰普克说，他读《习近平谈治国理政》，感觉里面充满迷人的想法。习近平带领中国走向的现代化与西方的不同。有朝一日人们将意识到，中国的道路将指引人类通向更加美好的未来。
三、化危为机、铁骨柔情
人们叹服于习近平的毅力、勇气和坚韧。面对困难，他从不退缩；为了理想，他绝不放弃。
共事过的人认为他身上有种强大力量。他经历过多种考验并富有应对经验。在福建、浙江和上海任职时，他领导应对多次强台风。他几乎彻夜不眠指挥转移群众，最大程度减少了人员伤亡和财产损失。同事认为他面对危机时“沉着应对”“举重若轻”。
在担任国家副主席时，习近平曾主抓北京奥运会和残奥会筹办，工作面临多重压力：汶川地震，拉萨“3·14”打砸抢烧暴力事件，火炬传递遇到反华势力阻挠。但最终北京奥运会办成了历史上最成功的奥运会之一。14年后，北京冬奥会和冬残奥会遭遇新冠肺炎疫情，一些西方国家进行所谓“外交抵制”，但习近平领导中国向世界奉献了一届简约、安全、精彩的盛会。
2022年2月4日，北京第二十四届冬季奥林匹克运动会开幕式在国家体育场隆重举行。习近平出席开幕式并宣布本届冬奥会开幕。新华社记者 岳月伟 摄
进入新时代的中国面临严峻复杂的国际形势和接踵而至的巨大风险挑战。习近平强调，“必须准备进行具有许多新的历史特点的伟大斗争”——在主持起草中共十八大报告时，他明确要求加上这一论断。
他反复告诫：“中华民族伟大复兴，绝不是轻轻松松、敲锣打鼓就能实现的，实现伟大梦想必须进行伟大斗争。在前进道路上我们面临的风险考验只会越来越复杂，甚至会遇到难以想象的惊涛骇浪。”
在2015年也门危机中，他果断指示派遣飞机舰船撤出中国侨民。后来这次撤侨行动被改编成电影上映，引发爱国主义热潮。那年，中国股市跌宕，金融市场波动。习近平领导采取一系列措施，遏制了恐慌情绪，避免了一次系统性风险。
香港局势一度变得十分严峻。反中乱港势力勾连外部敌对势力，发动非法“占中”及街头暴乱，以争取“民主”为名，行分裂国家、颠覆政权之实，意图把香港变成实施“颜色革命”的桥头堡。习近平领导打出一套标本兼治的“组合拳”，包括制定实施香港国安法、完善香港特别行政区选举制度，落实中央全面管治权、落实“爱国者治港”原则，推动香港进入由乱到治走向由治及兴的新阶段。
2022年7月1日，在庆祝香港回归祖国25周年大会暨香港特别行政区第六届政府就职典礼上，习近平说，“一国两制”这样的好制度，没有任何理由改变，必须长期坚持。
2022年7月1日，庆祝香港回归祖国25周年大会暨香港特别行政区第六届政府就职典礼在香港会展中心隆重举行。习近平出席并发表重要讲话。这是习近平监誓，香港特别行政区第六任行政长官李家超宣誓就职。新华社记者 鞠鹏 摄
2015年，习近平与马英九在新加坡会面，实现1949年以来海峡两岸领导人首次会晤。2016年民进党上台后，顽固推行“台独”分裂，两岸关系遇到逆流。习近平提出新时代解决台湾问题的总体方略，提出探索“两制”台湾方案等一系列措施，牢牢把握了两岸关系主导权和主动权。他强调：“我们坚持以最大诚意、尽最大努力争取和平统一的前景，但决不承诺放弃使用武力，保留采取一切必要措施的选项。”
今年8月，美国国会众议长佩洛西不顾中方严正警告，执意窜访台湾，台海局势出现紧张升级。解放军在台岛周边海空域开展规模空前的实战化联合演训，对“台独”分裂势力及美台勾连挑衅形成强有力震慑。一个中国原则成为更加广泛的国际共识。
每当发生重大自然灾害，习近平都第一时间作出指示，要求全力救援，保障人民生命财产安全。他多次奔赴灾害现场看望群众，指挥抗灾救灾。2018年中国成立应急管理部。习近平说：“衡量一个国家的制度是否成功、是否优越，一个重要方面就是看其在重大风险挑战面前，能不能号令四面、组织八方共同应对。”10年来，中国的自然灾害都能及时得到救援，灾后恢复重建工作的速度和质量也在世界上首屈一指。
习近平夙夜在公，勤勉工作。他曾公开披露过一次自己“夜不能寐”的经历。那是2020年1月24日，农历大年三十，中国人一年中最重要的团聚日子，武汉却遭遇前所未有的新冠肺炎疫情。习近平彻夜未眠，第二天召集中央政治局常委会会议研究疫情防控。这之前习近平作出关键决定，对湖北省、武汉市人员流动和对外通道实行管控。
2020年3月10日，在疫情防控的关键时刻，习近平前往武汉抗疫前线进行考察。他到集中救治点——火神山医院问候患者。他到社区考察疫情防控和群众生活保障情况，并特别叮嘱，武汉人喜欢吃活鱼，在条件允许的情况下应多组织供应。
在武汉正式“解封”的那一天，习近平给东湖新城社区全体社区工作者回信，一开篇就写道：“我从武汉回来后，一直牵挂着武汉广大干部群众。”那天，许多武汉居民走上阳台自发歌唱《我和我的祖国》。
习近平把抗击疫情形容为一场战争。中国在全球范围内率先控制住疫情，实现复工复产。疫情防控进入常态化阶段，习近平领导实施“动态清零”总方针，将中国的感染率和病亡率保持在非常低的水平。2022年，习近平又部署打赢“大上海保卫战”。
习近平说，中国人口基数大，如果搞“集体免疫”“躺平”之类的防控政策，后果不堪设想。“宁可暂时影响一点经济发展，也不能让人民群众生命安全和身体健康受到伤害，尤其是要保护好老人、孩子。如果算总账，我们的防疫措施是最经济的、效果最好的。”英国《自然·医学》杂志今年5月发布研究报告称，若中国放弃“动态清零”，可能在短短数月内新增1.12亿例确诊病例，导致逾150万人死亡。
2020年3月10日，习近平专门赴湖北省武汉市考察新冠肺炎疫情防控工作。这是习近平在东湖新城社区考察时，向在家隔离居住的居民挥手致意、表示慰问(拼版照片)。新华社记者 谢环驰 摄
处理好中美关系这一目前世界上最复杂、最重要的双边关系，是过去10年间习近平花心血最多的课题之一。2018年3月，时任美国总统特朗普签署备忘录，对从中国进口的商品大规模征收关税，并限制中国企业对美投资并购，发动贸易战。在习近平领导下，中国以“不愿打、不怕打，必要时不得不打”的原则和姿态应对。
习近平在布宜诺斯艾利斯和大阪同特朗普会晤，指出中美两国不应该落入所谓冲突对抗的陷阱，合作是双方最好的选择。他同美国现任总统拜登3次通电话，又举行视频会晤，提出中美应该相互尊重、和平共处、合作共赢，告诉美方要尊重中国的核心利益，慎重行事。
面对外部打压，习近平强调，要“坚定不移做好自己的事情”。中国持续推进改革开放，同时以各种对等举措强力回击，在国际社会中积极倡导多边主义，推动经济全球化，凝聚起反对单边主义和贸易保护主义的共识和强大力量。
习近平始终与形式主义和官僚主义做毫不妥协的斗争。他从刚参加工作开始就对这两种问题嫉恶如仇。有次他举扶贫工作中的例子批评说，有的贫困地区发展产业不进行调查研究，靠拍脑袋决策，去年让贫困户养鸡，今年让贫困户养羊，明年让贫困户种药材，扶贫项目和贫困户产业需求严重脱节。
2013年11月3日，习近平在湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州花垣县十八洞村苗族村民石拔三家中同一家人促膝交谈。新华社记者 兰红光 摄
习近平告诫省部级主要领导干部，要在各种可以预见和难以预见的狂风暴雨、惊涛骇浪中，增强我们的生存力、竞争力、发展力、持续力，确保中华民族伟大复兴进程不被迟滞甚至中断。
“党和人民取得的一切成就，都是通过斗争取得的。”在中共二十大上，发扬斗争精神、增强斗争本领的内容被写入党章。
2019年3月，习近平同时任意大利众议长菲科举行会见。菲科向习近平提了一个问题：“您当选中国国家主席的时候，是一种什么样的心情？”习近平说：“这么大一个国家，责任非常重、工作非常艰巨。我将无我，不负人民。我愿意做到一个‘无我’的状态，为中国的发展奉献自己。”无我，是中国仁人志士的一种传统、一种精神，是为了集体的理想而矢志做出一切牺牲，不考虑任何个人利益。
习近平铁骨铮铮，又满怀柔情。10年中，他多次复信美国民众，包括中学生和小学生，习近平说，希望他们做中美两国人民友谊的使者。
习近平曾长期在与台湾隔海相望的福建和浙江任职。与他长期共事的人说他是“台商台胞的贴心人”。有一位在厦门投资的台商，由于种种原因债务缠身，日子难过。习近平多次与这位台商座谈，帮助他解决问题。台商感动地说，习近平的关心让他“一辈子都难忘”。
对于不同意见乃至批评，习近平也宽容以待。在正定任县委书记时，习近平曾收到一名农村青年写的批评信，说县委抓商品生产雷声大雨点小，还从四个方面提出自己的见解。习近平非但没有生气，还笑着说：“这小子好像有点水平，想法也基本对头，闹不好还是个人才呢。”“我派人去考察一下，如果这个青年果真不错，我们就请他出来抓村里的商品生产。”担任总书记之后，习近平强调党内高级干部要重视民主决策，在酝酿和讨论过程中可以畅所欲言，可以批评，甚至可以反对，言者无罪。
这是1983年，时任河北省正定县委书记的习近平，临时在大街上摆桌子听取老百姓意见。新华社发
习近平喜欢与知识分子、文学艺术家交朋友。知青时习近平与路遥住过一个窑洞，那时后者还没写出《平凡的世界》。两人围绕文学和人生彻夜长谈。他还与正定县的作家贾大山结下深厚友谊。1985年，习近平调往福建。临分手时，习近平和贾大山都流下了激动的泪水，依依别情，难以言状。
习近平称知识分子是国家的宝贵财富。他与老教授、艺术家通信，多次到高校与知识分子交流。在北京大学，他与耄耋之年的哲学家汤一介促膝交谈，了解《儒藏》编纂情况。习近平主持文艺工作座谈会，会后与作家、艺术家等握手交流。
习近平以过人精力投入繁重工作。他在年轻时参加劳动打下了好的身体底子。这位“体育迷”对足球、冰球、爬山、游泳、拳击等都感兴趣，他仍抽时间游泳，每次游1000多米。他也从激烈体育竞赛中感悟出应对挑战的法则，“体育竞赛特别是足球比赛的魅力就在于不可预测”，他要求经济工作向高水平足球比赛学习，不能仅讲个人技术，还要上下左右形成整体。
四、让世界更加紧密相连
习近平还在年轻时就对世界的丰富多彩和人类的千姿百态产生兴趣。他在陕北农村下乡时阅读大量世界名著，有次为一本《浮士德》走30里地去借。他读莎士比亚剧作，不断思考“生存还是毁灭”的人类普遍问题。他在窑洞煤油灯下通读3遍《资本论》，写下18本读书笔记。他赞叹：“马克思主义博大精深，归根到底就是一句话，为人类求解放。”
这些思索融入了他数十年后提出的“人类命运共同体”理念。他说：“人类生活在同一个地球村里，生活在历史和现实交汇的同一个时空里，越来越成为你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体。”
他赞赏人类文明的多样性，说要让世界文明百花园群芳竞艳。他说，没有多样性，就没有人类文明。中国梦是中国人民追求幸福的梦，也同各国人民的美好梦想息息相通。他指出，中国共产党关注人类前途命运，要“为人类谋进步、为世界谋大同”。
习近平1979年陪同时任国务院副总理耿飚访问北欧。在挪威，他走访当地普通民众家庭，对挪威发达的福利社会印象颇深。1985年，已是正定县委书记的习近平到美国考察农业。他住当地人家里，睡在房东儿子卧室，与《星际迷航》玩偶相伴。他回忆那段经历时说，一个突出印象是，中美两国人民之间共同语言很多，完全能够成为互利合作的好朋友、好伙伴。
习近平8次访美。一名上世纪90年代接待过他的留学生回忆说，在一些专业的介绍会上，习近平几乎从头至尾埋头记录，而且特别爱发问。随后几年，这名留学生每年春节都能收到习近平寄送的贺卡。习近平是第一位在美国现场观看美国职业篮球联赛(NBA)比赛的中国国家领导人。访问古巴时，他还专程去海明威写《老人与海》的栈桥边和常去的酒吧，体验这位美国作家下笔时的精神世界和实地氛围。
习近平同俄罗斯总统普京自2013年以来会晤约40次，引领两国关系成熟、坚韧、稳定发展，发展中俄新时代全面战略协作伙伴关系。中俄贸易额从2012年的881亿美元增至2021年的1468亿美元。两国合作建设中俄东线天然气管道、田湾和徐大堡核电站等重大能源项目，还启动了国际月球科研站合作。
习近平主张构建新型大国关系。中国超越对抗、结盟的旧思维，打造全球伙伴关系网络。习近平说，不能身体已进入21世纪，而脑袋还停留在冷战思维、零和博弈的旧时代。
中国是世界上邻国最多的国家。习近平说“好邻居金不换”。他遍访几乎所有周边国家，提出要按亲诚惠容的理念，深化同周边国家的互利合作，努力使自身发展更好惠及周边国家。
习近平重视延续与发展中国家的传统友谊。他两次当选国家主席后的首次出访，行程中都有非洲。2013年他在坦桑尼亚尼雷尔国际会议中心的30分钟演讲，获得30次掌声。他十分关心非洲这块人类起源地的发展，说非洲是“充满活力和希望的大陆”。
习近平3次出席中非合作论坛峰会和部长级会议，宣布“十大合作计划”“八大行动”“九项工程”等中非务实合作倡议。2022年南非一个基金会发布的民调显示，在非洲青年看来，中国已成为非洲大陆最具影响力的域外国家。
2018年9月4日，中非合作论坛北京峰会圆桌会议在北京人民大会堂举行。习近平和论坛共同主席国南非总统拉马福萨分别主持第一阶段和第二阶段会议。新华社记者 李涛 摄
习近平呼吁以金砖国家为代表的新兴经济体坚持开放创新，促进世界经济复苏。2020年，他宣布在厦门建立金砖国家新工业革命伙伴关系创新基地。
中国同巴基斯坦、柬埔寨、缅甸、老挝、越南等国携手构建双边命运共同体，同相关各方就打造周边、亚太、上海合作组织、中国-东盟、中非、中阿、中拉、中国同太平洋岛国等命运共同体达成重要共识，积极推动网络空间、核安全、海洋、卫生健康、人与自然、全球发展等领域共同体建设。一个多维、立体的人类命运共同体实践体系日益完善。
人类命运共同体理念被载入党章和宪法，也被多次写入联合国等国际组织和多边机制的重要文件。第七十一届联合国大会主席彼得·汤姆森说，构建人类命运共同体是“人类在这个星球上唯一的未来”。
出于对人类应该同舟共济的坚信，习近平在2017年来到瑞士达沃斯，成为出席世界经济论坛年会的首位中国元首。他说，“让世界经济的大海退回到一个一个孤立的小湖泊、小河流，是不可能的，也是不符合历史潮流的”，呼吁共促全球发展。
2017年1月17日，习近平在瑞士达沃斯国际会议中心出席世界经济论坛2017年年会开幕式，并发表题为《共担时代责任 共促全球发展》的主旨演讲。新华社记者 兰红光 摄
在达沃斯演讲后第二天，习近平又来到联合国日内瓦总部。他发出了后来被人们热议的“世界之问”——“当今世界充满不确定性，人们对未来既寄予期待又感到困惑。世界怎么了、我们怎么办？”
在他看来，虽然世界各国命运前所未有地紧密相连，但人类社会又面临治理赤字、信任赤字、发展赤字、和平赤字的严峻挑战。
破解“四大赤字”，中国倡导以和平方式处理分歧，以对话协商解决争端；构建全球发展伙伴关系，让发展成果更多更公平惠及每一个国家、每一个人；拆除阻碍生产要素自由流动的藩篱壁垒，推动构建开放型世界经济；以对话代替冲突，以协商代替胁迫，以共赢代替零和；摒弃意识形态划线，团结推动世界和平与发展；构建相互尊重、公平正义、合作共赢的新型国际关系。
习近平倡导的全球治理观，超越了数百年来国际秩序变迁背后弱肉强食、赢者通吃的陈旧“世界观”，厘清了全球治理体系变与不变的辩证关系：一方面，联合国宪章的宗旨和原则、多边主义的旗帜不能变；另一方面，要加强国际协调应对日益增多的全球性挑战和威胁，还要通过践行共商共建共享反映发展中国家群体性崛起的国际政治现实。
习近平总说，“中国发展离不开世界，世界发展也需要中国”，并身体力行向世界“讲好中国故事，传播好中国声音”。他喜欢用多种比喻来形象地说明中国与世界的关系，比如，中国是“和平的、可亲的、文明的狮子”，是“大块头”不是“墨菲斯托”。作为经历过贫困的领导人，习近平的一句名言是，“努力不让任何一个国家掉队”。他欢迎各国“搭乘中国发展的列车”。
2016年6月19日，习近平在贝尔格莱德参观河钢集团塞尔维亚斯梅代雷沃钢厂时，来到员工食堂同工人交流互动。新华社记者 马占成 摄
习近平说，中国始终是世界和平的建设者；只有人人都珍爱和平、维护和平，只有人人都记取战争的惨痛教训，和平才有希望。他与时任希腊总统帕夫洛普洛斯一同参观雅典卫城博物馆，在“沉思的雅典娜”浮雕前讨论雅典娜对战争与和平的思考与中国成语“止戈为武”之间的异曲同工。
中国是联合国安理会常任理事国中第一大维和部队派出国，中国“蓝盔”成为联合国维和关键力量。乌克兰危机发生后，习近平第一时间与相关国家领导人通话促和。他还积极推动解决巴以冲突、朝鲜半岛局势、阿富汗问题等地区热点问题。习近平曾在出访法国时前往诺曼底战役的盟军登陆点，对同行人员讲到战争给相关国家和人民带来的灾难，低头沉思良久。他曾说：“战争是一面镜子，能够让人更好认识和平的珍贵。”
新冠肺炎疫情肆虐全球，习近平密集开展“云外交”，仅2021年以来，以电话、书信、视频等方式展开的外交活动就有百余次。疫情期间的国际抗疫“云会议”包括二十国集团领导人应对新冠肺炎特别峰会、世界卫生大会视频会议、中非团结抗疫特别峰会等。
2020年3月26日，习近平在北京出席二十国集团领导人应对新冠肺炎特别峰会并发表题为《携手抗疫 共克时艰》的重要讲话。新华社记者 李学仁 摄
习近平指示向150多个国家提供抗疫物资，将中国自主研制的疫苗作为全球公共产品发往世界各地。更大的国际公共产品是习近平提出的“一带一路”倡议。世界上已有约四分之三国家同中国签署共建“一带一路”合作文件。“一带一路”成了当今世界深受欢迎的国际合作平台。
中国已成为影响世界政治经济版图变化的重要因素。一些应对全球性问题的倡议和举措因为有习近平的大力推动才得以有效推进。联合国前秘书长潘基文回忆说，2016年习近平邀请他和时任美国总统奥巴马访问杭州，在G20峰会前一天，中美两国领导人向他提交了应对气候变化《巴黎协定》批准文书。“如果不是习近平主席的倡议，我们现在也不会达成《巴黎协定》。”潘基文说。
习近平说，中国有能力也有责任在全球事务中发挥更大作用。他提出和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由的全人类共同价值。疫情发生后，他先后提出全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议，为共创后疫情时代美好世界凝聚最大共识。这两个倡议统筹发展和安全，坚持共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观，呼吁加强减贫、粮食安全、抗疫和疫苗、发展筹资、气候变化和绿色发展、工业化、数字经济、互联互通等领域合作，加快落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程，已经得到100多个国家的积极响应。
2021年10月25日，习近平在北京出席中华人民共和国恢复联合国合法席位50周年纪念会议并发表重要讲话。新华社记者 李学仁 摄
联合国秘书长古特雷斯高度赞赏习近平提出全球发展倡议展现出的远见卓识。他说，这一倡议对提振国际发展合作、落实2030年议程意义重大，将助推世界走向更可持续和包容的未来。
“中国在构建命运与共的世界中发挥引领作用。”英国社会科学院院士马丁·阿尔布劳说，“这种领导力不是体现在军事上，而是道德和价值方面的影响。”巴基斯坦总统阿尔维说，正如习主席所传达的，这个世界需要更好的合作、更深入的相互理解和更广泛的和平。
五、开拓人类文明新形态
“我们对时间的理解，是以百年、千年为计。”习近平曾这样表达他的时间观；他也曾引用德国文学家莱辛的名言“历史不应该是记忆的负担，而应该是理智的启迪”说明自己对待历史的态度。
自青少年时期就爱读历史书的习近平认为，想问题、作决策要有历史眼光。他多次强调，党立志于中华民族千秋伟业，致力于人类和平与发展崇高事业，要“坚定历史自信，增强历史主动”。
习近平称中华优秀传统文化为“中华民族的根和魂”。他带领中央政治局就深化中华文明探源工程进行集体学习，并引用毛泽东的话说：“从孔夫子到孙中山，我们应当给以总结，承继这一份珍贵的遗产。”中共二十大召开前，习近平为《复兴文库》撰写题为《在复兴之路上坚定前行》的序言，提出：修史立典，存史启智。
曾任韩国中央日报社中国研究所所长的韩友德说，在中国共产党领导下，中国民众的自信心显著提升。习近平把“自信”概括为四个方面，即道路自信、理论自信、制度自信和文化自信，“更基础、更广泛、更深厚”的是文化自信。
过去10年，习近平走进山东曲阜孔府、湖南长沙岳麓书院、福建武夷山朱熹园等地。“如果没有中华五千年文明，哪里有什么中国特色？如果不是中国特色，哪有我们今天这么成功的中国特色社会主义道路？”他这样感叹。他同时指出，要用文明交流交融破解“文明冲突论”，弘扬中华文明蕴含的全人类共同价值。习近平倡导相互尊重、和衷共济、和合共生的人类文明发展道路。
2021年3月22日，习近平在福建省南平武夷山朱熹园，了解朱熹生平及理学研究等情况。新华社记者 鞠鹏 摄
英国学者马丁·雅克说，中国不仅仅是一个民族国家，它是一个文明型国家——如果不能理解这一点，也就无法真正理解任何有关中国的问题。
习近平引领的中国式现代化，被认为是在创造一种人类文明新形态。习近平把中国式现代化概括为五个方面，即人口规模巨大的现代化、全体人民共同富裕的现代化、物质文明和精神文明相协调的现代化、人与自然和谐共生的现代化、走和平发展道路的现代化。中国式现代化既有各国现代化的共同特征，更有基于自己国情的中国特色。
“我们推进的现代化，是中国共产党领导的社会主义现代化，必须坚持以中国式现代化推进中华民族伟大复兴，既不走封闭僵化的老路，也不走改旗易帜的邪路，坚持把国家和民族发展放在自己力量的基点上、把中国发展进步的命运牢牢掌握在自己手中。”习近平说。
中外学者从各个角度和层面探究中国式现代化的特质，包括以人民为中心而不是被资本所统治，追求马克思提出的“人的自由全面发展”，既继承和发展五千年中华文明又注重吸收人类创造的一切文明优秀成果，坚持和平发展、共同进步，推动构建人类命运共同体。
中国式现代化致力破解人类社会发展的诸多难题，为人类对更好社会制度的探索提供中国智慧和中国方案。
2022年8月17日，习近平在辽宁省沈阳新松机器人自动化股份有限公司生产车间考察。新华社记者 鞠鹏 摄
按照习近平擘画的发展图景，到2035年，中国这个世界上最大的发展中国家基本实现现代化，意味着人类历史上第一次十亿规模以上人口整体迈入现代化。中国以自己的独特方式在世界现代化进程中取得巨大成就，是中国共产党为人类进步事业作出的最大贡献。
那时，中国人均国内生产总值达到中等发达国家水平，中国将进入创新型国家前列，碳排放达峰后稳中有降。世界上覆盖范围最广的高铁系统总长扩大近一倍，50万人口以上城市高铁通达。目前中国中等收入群体的规模超过4亿人，按联合国标准，中国人民生活已经进入相对殷实富足阶段。到2035年，中等收入群体比重明显提高，人的全面发展、全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展。
2020年10月14日，习近平在广东省深圳市莲花山公园远眺特区新貌。新华社记者 鞠鹏 摄
From the catastrophic years of "civilization dust" to the creation of a new form of human civilization, the process of Chinese-style modernization has not only made more than 1.4 billion Chinese proud, but also brought an end to the "end of history". Independent states and nations offer new options.
On the desk of Humphrey Moshi, director of the Center for Chinese Studies at the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania, books such as "Xi Jinping: The Governance of China" are very eye-catching.
"China's development story tells us that poverty and backwardness can be overcome, and African countries can also achieve prosperity and development by finding the right path."
Luo Siyi, a China expert who used to be director of the Economic and Commercial Policy Office in London, said that China has improved the well-being of the largest number of people at the fastest speed in human history, not only benefiting itself but also others. This is its greatest achievement. .
"Who doesn't want to witness history? Who doesn't want to draw lessons from it?"
A major socialist country that combines the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete reality of China and the excellent traditional Chinese culture is standing in the east of the world.
This means that the world socialism, which was born more than 500 years ago and has experienced a tortuous course of development, not only has not been sentenced to failure in the hustle and bustle of encirclement and suppression, but instead has shown great vitality in the hands of the Chinese Communists in the new era.
On July 1, 2021, the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China was held in Tiananmen Square, Beijing.
Xi Jinping delivered an important speech.
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Ju Peng
10 years ago, Xi Jinping, the general secretary who just took over the baton of history, said to Chinese and foreign reporters: "The great trust of all the comrades in the party and the expectations of the people of all ethnic groups in the country is a great encouragement for us to do a good job, and it is also on our shoulders. great responsibility.”
After being elected general secretary at the First Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Xi Jinping said that Chinese-style modernization is a great and arduous undertaking. Its nature and purpose, keep in mind its mission and responsibilities, fulfill its duties, work diligently, and never fail to live up to the trust of the party and the people.”
To promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization, and to build a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness, inclusiveness, cleanness and beauty with the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind, a new journey has begun.
"The road is long and the road is long." (Reporters Wang Jinye, Meng Na, Li Zhihui, Xu Lingui, Zhang Bowen)