Incumbent conservative President Jair Bolsonaro wants to see increased economic activity in the region, while leftist candidate and ex-president Lula da Silva defends strengthened environmental protection.
As a result of President Bolsonaro's policies, logging in the Amazon has increased every year during his term.
At the same time, the indigenous peoples who live in many of the affected areas have become increasingly politically active.
- The forest is our life.
You know you need it too.
I will vote for Lula myself.
His proposal is to stop what is happening here, said Diomedes Guajajara, who belongs to the indigenous population, when SVT visited a political meeting in a reserve in the state of Maranhão.
Concern for the local economy
But not everyone supports indigenous peoples' exclusive right to their land.
In the urban area of Amarante next to the reserve, many are worried that strong environmental protection will affect the local economy.
- Lula will take the land with the argument that the indigenous people have a right to it.
It is the end of Amarante if this extension is granted because the economy here is based on the cattle industry, says Rodrigo Silva.
Watch SVT's reporter Tigran Feiler explain how the Amazon became one of the most important issues in the election in the video above.