Gathered in New York, on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly, the leaders of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) announced, Thursday, September 23, a regime of "progressive sanctions" to against the Guinean junta and its supporters.
These measures, which include "the freezing of the financial assets" of the leaders, subject to a "travel ban" as well as the suspension "of all assistance and financial transactions in favor of Guinea by the financial institutions of ECOWAS", according to the press release published the day after the meeting.
Having come to power a year ago in a coup that put an end to the authoritarian reign of President Alpha Condé, the new strongman of Conakry, Mamadi Doumbouya, undertook to carry out a process of inclusive transition "in close cooperation with ECOWAS".
Since then, tensions have been building up and relations have turned into open conflict.
France 24 returns to the reasons for the estrangement.
Transition time
This is undoubtedly the major point of contention between the Guinean transitional authorities and the sub-regional organization.
After the military took power on September 5, 2021, ECOWAS, whose role is to promote economic cooperation but also to guarantee regional stability, had insisted on the need for a rapid transition towards elections allowing the return of a civilian government in power.
The organization had initially given Guinea six months to unveil "an acceptable timetable for the return to constitutional order".
At the beginning of May, Colonel Mamadi Doumbouya finally lifts the veil: the transition will last 39 months, or three years and 3 months.
While criticisms fuse within the opposition, the National Council of Transition (CNT), which acts as parliament, finally ratifies a deadline of 36 months.
A duration still considered far too long by ECOWAS.
Sovereignty above all
This showdown around the transition period illustrates the way in which the new strongman of Conakry intends to manage the affairs of the country.
Because if he claims to wish to maintain the dialogue with ECOWAS, Mamadi Doumbouya considers that the transition is above all an internal question.
"We are very attached to ECOWAS, of which we are a founding member. (…) We understand that it shows firmness in the face of the army's seizure of power, but we are not politicians, we are simply coming to return power to the people of Guinea" he declared in April 2021.
A few months earlier, the colonel had rejected the mediation attempt initiated by ECOWAS in the country through the Guinean diplomat Mohamed Ibn Chambas.
"The appointment of a special envoy does not seem to us to be appropriate or urgent, insofar as no internal crisis, likely to compromise the normal course of the Transition, is observed", he had then declared in a letter addressed to the leader of the organization, the President of Ghana Nana Akufo-Addo.
Unwavering support in Bamako
Another subject of friction, the strong support of the Guinean leader for Colonel Assimi Goïta in Mali.
While ECOWAS imposes an economic embargo against the country in January 2022, Guinea is the only member country to keep its borders open to it.
Excluded like its neighbor from ECOWAS authorities since the military putsch, Guinea then explains that it refuses to apply the sanctions on the grounds that it has not had a say.
While the leaders of ECOWAS met Wednesday in New York to discuss Malian and Guinean issues, Mamadi Doumbouya was received with great fanfare in Bamako by Colonel Assimi Goïta, to mark the 62nd anniversary of independence.
"This trip in the midst of a dispute between Mali and Côte d'Ivoire over the 46 soldiers still detained by Bamako inevitably goes badly vis-à-vis ECOWAS", analyzes Alioune Tine, founder of the think tank Afrikajom and expert independent of the UN in Mali.
"It is perceived as one more snub in an already very tense context".
Paved in the pond in New York
The accumulation of tensions between the two parties came to light on Wednesday following the interview of the president of ECOWAS, Umaro Sissoco Embalo to France 24 and RFI.
The president of Guinea-Bissau, who defends the project of an "anti-coup force" on the continent, aroused the anger of the Guinean authorities by affirming that they had committed themselves to reducing the transition to a maximum duration of two years.
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An exit described as "shame" and "lie", by Conakry which castigated a diplomacy of "guignols".
"Even before this pass of arms, the sanctions had become inevitable anyway", judge Alioune Tine.
"The Guinean soldiers knew from the start that by taking such a trajectory, they were exposing themselves to ECOWAS sanctions. But they think they can withstand the shock because, unlike Mali, they have direct maritime access and are not members. of WAEMU (West African Economic and Monetary Union) which had imposed the economic embargo against Bamako. On the political level, however, this arm wrestling is a risky game because the intransigence of Mamadi Doumbouya arouses more and more criticism from the population.
In recent months, in the capital Conakry, several demonstrations have been organized by a citizens' movement demanding more transparency in the management of the transition.
In July and then in August, these rallies turned into a riot, killing several people and injuring dozens.
For their part, Guinean leaders continue to pose as a bulwark against interference.
We want to work with ECOWAS, but our relations "should not be the subject of a dictate" aimed at "constraining the Guinean people", reaffirmed Ousmane Gaoual Diallo, government spokesman, on Thursday.
In its press release, ECOWAS called on Guinea to accept "a reasonable transition period" within one month, under penalty of more severe sanctions.
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