CCTV news
(focus interview): From July 21 to the present month, the Central Meteorological Observatory issued a high temperature warning every day.
The high temperature weather above 35 ℃ covers an area of 4.5 million square kilometers in my country, and the high temperature forecast map is "hot" red.
Why is it so hot this summer?
At the same time, the high temperature is accompanied by a drought. In some places, the drought not only affects the drinking water of people and large livestock, but also makes it difficult to irrigate the farmland. Now is the critical period for the growth of autumn crops. How should local governments respond?
This summer, not only the number of high-temperature days is high, but also the coverage is wide, and the highest temperature continues to break through historical extremes.
The rolling heat wave swept across more than ten provinces including Sichuan, Chongqing, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, etc., especially the Sichuan-Chongqing region appeared on the "National Highest Temperature Ranking" almost every day.
According to the statistics of the National Climate Center, the highest temperature of 262 national weather stations has reached or exceeded the historical extreme value, and the number of high temperature extreme value stations has exceeded that of 2013 and 2017, reaching the first place in history.
So what caused this high temperature event?
Chen Lijuan, chief forecaster of the National Climate Center, said: "The persistent atmospheric circulation anomaly is the direct cause of the continuous high temperature weather. Just like the lid of a pressure cooker, the hot air is tightly enveloped under it, and it is difficult to diffuse out. Features like thermal domes can cause abnormally high and persistent localized temperatures."
In addition to my country, Europe, North Africa, South Asia, West Asia, the United States and other places have also been hit by heat waves.
The sixth assessment report of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change pointed out that in the past 50 years, global warming has occurred at an unprecedented rate since the past 2000 years, and the instability of the climate system has increased.
What does this mean?
Chen Lijuan said: "UN Secretary-General Guterres called it a "red alert for all mankind". Global warming is the climate background for frequent high temperature and heat wave events in the northern hemisphere. At present, the international academic community generally believes that the future climate will enter a significant change. period, known internationally as a new climate equilibrium. It means that as the climate warms, record-breaking extreme events that are happening now may become regular events.”
High temperature tests people's ability to bear, but also tests the ability of various places to cope with high temperature.
"Preventing heatstroke and cooling down" has become an important proposition in social public governance.
In the Sichuan-Chongqing area under the scorching sun, in addition to providing free summer cooling facilities to the public, a "cool and loving station" has also been specially built for outdoor workers.
Education departments in Nanjing, Changsha, Zhuzhou and other places issued notices requiring all junior high school freshmen to stop military training, and high school freshmen military training to be moved indoors or postponed.
In addition to high temperatures, severe droughts have also occurred in parts of the south.
On August 18, the Central Meteorological Observatory issued the first drought warning this year, and 10 provinces experienced moderate or above meteorological drought, with extreme drought in some areas.
In order to fight against drought, the Ministry of Water Resources launched a level IV emergency response to drought defense in time.
On the 18th, the reporter came to the Ministry of Water Resources, just in time for the special meeting on drought relief.
The atmosphere was tense and orderly.
Since the flood season began on March 17, the Ministry of Water Resources has started a 24-hour shift.
The next week will be a critical growth period for autumn crops such as middle rice, and the water consumption will be huge.
In response to the current drought situation, the Ministry of Water Resources has conscientiously implemented the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, strengthened the "four pre-forecast" measures of drought resistance forecasting, early warning, rehearsal, and pre-planning, and implemented the "Special Action for Joint Operation of Reservoir Groups in the Yangtze River Basin to Fight Drought and Ensure Water Supply" to fully ensure rural water supply. To ensure safety, a total of 3 working groups were dispatched to the front lines of the arid areas, striving to achieve the goal of “less production reduction in severely affected areas, no production reduction in light disaster areas, and more production in non-disaster areas”.
Up to now, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Emergency Management have allocated 1.35 billion yuan in local flood control and drought relief funds, including 300 million yuan in drought relief funds.
Gu Binjie, Inspector of the Flood and Drought Disaster Prevention Department of the Ministry of Water Resources, said: "Water transfer mainly involves dispatching three reservoir groups. The first reservoir group is the upper reaches of the Yangtze River with the Three Gorges as the core. Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba Reservoir supply water to the Three Gorges Reservoir, with a water supply volume of 350 million cubic meters, and use the Three Gorges Reservoir 480 million to supply water to the downstream; the second reservoir group is the upstream reservoir group of Dongting Lake, including Ouyanghai, Shuangpai As well as the Shuifumiao Reservoir, which supplies water to the downstream irrigation area; the third reservoir group is mainly the upstream reservoir group of Poyang Lake, including Hongmen, Liaofang, etc., which supplies water to the downstream. The three reservoir groups supply a total of 1.48 billion cubic meters of water.”
This year, the Yangtze River Basin also has a rare phenomenon of anti-drying during the flood season, which also aggravates the current drought.
On August 16, the Yangtze River Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources issued a dispatch order to dispatch the Three Gorges Reservoir to replenish water to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from 12:00 on the same day.
Chen Guiya, deputy chief engineer of the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Committee of the Ministry of Water Resources, said: "According to preliminary calculations, from the 16th to the 21st, the reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the Xiang, Zi, Yuan and Li "four water" reservoirs in Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, Gan, Fu, Xin , Rao, and repair the "Five Rivers" reservoir group, which will replenish a total of 1.48 billion cubic meters of water, ensuring the problem of water use in the middle and lower reaches."
At present, the water supply in the south can basically be guaranteed, but the end of some irrigation areas needs to be further opened up.
Wen Yuangui is a large grain grower in Luxi Town, Santai County, Mianyang City, Sichuan Province. This year, he has planted 500 mu of rice.
Now, his family's rice is in a critical period of heading and flowering, requiring a lot of water, but 100 mu of rice has been affected due to high temperature and drought.
Since August, the precipitation in Santai County has been only 10.5 mm, a decrease of 83% compared with the same period of previous years. The continuous high temperature and little rainfall have affected the county's rice, corn, sweet potatoes and other food crops to varying degrees.
In order to ensure farmland irrigation, the local Guanghua Electric Irrigation Station pumps water at full capacity four times a week.
Up to now, more than 1,200 irrigation stations in Santai County have accumulated more than 88 million cubic meters of water, and the irrigation area has reached 320,000 mu.
After timely watering, the hundreds of acres of rice in Wenyuan's family were basically preserved.
In this way, all localities are trying their best to solve the problem of water use at the end of the irrigation area, and strive to combine the special action of the Ministry of Water Resources for the joint dispatch of drought-relief and water-supply protection for reservoirs in the Yangtze River basin. water demand.
At the same time, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs is also fighting on the front line against high temperature and drought.
Although the impact of high temperature and drought on urban areas is relatively small, it has a relatively large impact on agricultural production, resulting in drought-affected autumn crops and cash crops that are not locally irrigated.
The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs attaches great importance to this and takes the initiative to attack.
Zhu Juan, director of the Agricultural Information Department of the Planting Industry Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said: "25 provincial and provincial packaging film working groups, as well as 22 expert groups and scientific and technological teams, have been sent to the main producing provinces of autumn grain and those affected by high temperature and heat. The key provinces that have a relatively large impact on the damage will be squatted and packed, and guide the implementation of measures to fight disasters and ensure a bumper harvest."
In addition to scientifically combating drought under the guidance of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, various localities have also taken many remedial measures for those farmlands that have lost their crops due to drought, so as to minimize farmers' losses as much as possible.
In Dong'an County, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, Huang Huizhan, director of the Baiya Township Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center, is teaching villagers how to switch to more drought-resistant buckwheat crops, despite temperatures approaching 40 degrees Celsius.
Baiya Town has an area of 79,000 mu of arable land, of which 70,300 mu are affected, including 4 mu of land owned by villager Tang Chunling.
Tang Chunling said: "The drought is very severe now, and I don't plan to plant anything. Later, the village and the town tried to help us grow some buckwheat. The income of buckwheat is higher than that of corn."
Although buckwheat is more drought-resistant than corn, it also needs water, and the nearest water source is one kilometer away, so Tang Chunling's family can't solve the water problem at all.
After the local government learned about it, it immediately organized personnel to come to help.
In order to fight the drought, all party members in the town went to the front line and invested more than 1 million yuan to buy equipment and facilities to ensure safe drinking water for the villagers and water for agricultural production.
In the process of resisting high temperature and drought, in addition to water supply, power security is also very important.
In Shizi Village, Yinjiang County, Guizhou Province, there are more than 1,000 mu of rice irrigation water in the local area.
The farmland in Shizi Village was originally irrigated by reservoir water storage. However, due to the high temperature and drought, the water level dropped and the water level could not be irrigated. The villagers were very anxious.
After learning of their plight, the Yinjiang Power Supply Bureau immediately formulated an emergency plan.
In order not to affect the electricity consumption of nearly 2,000 people in the village, the workers worked with electricity on the 10,000-volt line under the high temperature of nearly 40°C.
Wan Min, Manager of Production Technology and Planning Department of Yinjiang Power Supply Bureau in Tongren, Guizhou, China Southern Power Grid, said: "The most difficult thing to do is the transportation of materials. There is no way to get all the materials for wiring immediately, but it is very difficult to irrigate grain fields. Urgent, it's about the villagers' grain bags, we can only do special things."
After 3 hours of hard work, a 350-meter-long temporary power line was erected, and the water from the nearby reservoir was successfully led to the fields through the pump, ensuring the residents' lives Electricity and irrigation.
From a national perspective, except for local floods and high temperature and drought in the south, the current agricultural meteorological conditions are normal in most areas.
It is only one month before the large-scale harvest of autumn grains, and we still need to seriously deal with many challenges such as high temperature and drought, floods, typhoons, early frost, cold dew wind, diseases and insect pests, and we must not relax.
Zhu Juan, director of the Agricultural Information Department of the Plantation Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said: "We should focus on two aspects, one is to prevent and reduce losses, and the other is to strengthen field management to increase production, guide farmers to implement scientific disaster resistance, and strengthen field Management, go all out to win the autumn grain harvest, and ensure that the annual grain output is stable at more than 1.3 trillion kilograms."
At present, the drought situation in the Yangtze River Basin is continuing to develop, and the situation is still severe. We must make preparations for long-term drought, find out the water shortage situation in the dry area as soon as possible, scientifically schedule water conservancy projects, and implement drought relief plans to maximize the limited water resources. Drought benefit, ensuring the safety of drinking water and farmland irrigation for the masses.
At the same time, the weather forecast said that in the next three days, there will still be persistent high temperature weather in Sichuan Basin, Jianghan, Jianghuai, Jiangnan and other places. The local area can exceed 40 degrees Celsius, and the high fever will still persist on weekends. It is expected to be around 25 days. ease.
In the face of the hot weather, friends in the south must do a good job of preventing heatstroke and cooling down.