The number of installed capacity and power generation is the first in the world, and many technologies are in the leading position in the world
Photovoltaic adds momentum to green development
Kela Township, Yajiang County, Sichuan Province, on the plateau, the world's largest "water-solar complementary" power station - the Yalong River Kela Photovoltaic Power Station was officially started not long ago. After completion, the total area is about 80 bird's nests; To the east, in Chibi City, Hubei Province, thousands of miles away, the largest single water surface photovoltaic project in China has also entered the stage of photovoltaic panel installation.
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized during his inspection tour in Xining, Qinghai in August 2016 that the development of a one-stop photovoltaic industry chain will enable clean energy to better benefit the people.
Solar energy is an important renewable energy source. In recent years, my country has continuously increased the use of solar energy, especially under the "dual carbon" goal, photovoltaic power generation has grown steadily, the photovoltaic industry has entered the fast lane of development, photovoltaic manufacturing, photovoltaic power generation installed capacity , photovoltaic power generation ranks first in the world, adding impetus to my country's green development.
1
It is a power station and a high-quality pasture and fishery.
"Photovoltaic +" opens up a new development path for ecological benefits
On August 7, the sun was blazing in Tala Beach, Gonghe County, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province.
On a green grassy beach, the solar panels of Qinghai Talatan Photovoltaic Power Station, the first 10 million kilowatt solar ecological power generation park in the country, are shining brightly.
The blue sky and white clouds are reflected on it. At first glance, it looks like a sparkling ocean. No wonder the locals call it the "Photovoltaic Sea".
When I got closer, there were still blobs of white flowing in the "photovoltaic sea" - this was not the reflection of the cloud, but the "photovoltaic sheep" that the villagers depended on for survival.
Ma Shengxing, 50, lives in Shanghelesi Village, Tiegai Township, about 10 kilometers away from the photovoltaic park, and has been herding sheep for 20 years.
He happily told the reporter: "Our sheep are grazing in the photovoltaic park now! The grass is good there, and there is a special person to take care of it. The sheep grow strong and can sell for a good price."
According to Ma Shengxing, in the past, Tara Beach was a deserted beach full of yellow sand, mainly caused by overgrazing.
The location of the photovoltaic park used to be the pastures of several surrounding villages. Excessive grazing and drought have reduced the grass on the pastures.
Ma Shengxing said that because of the desertification of the pasture, his sheep often cannot get enough to eat. In addition to the heavy wind and sand, the survival rate of the sheep is also low. The animal husbandry cannot develop, and everyone can't make much money a year.
"The sun is big, dry and hot." In Ma Shengxing's mind, apart from these two things, Tara Beach was nothing but bare loess.
The change began in 2012, when the State Power Investment Group Upper Yellow River Hydropower Development Co., Ltd. started construction of a photovoltaic power generation park here.
As the rows of solar panels were completed and put into use, Ma Shengxing and the villagers were surprised to find that tall and dense grass grew on the wasteland under the photovoltaic panels.
It turned out that the large area of solar panels can block wind and sand to a certain extent, and the water that seeps in when the solar panels are regularly cleaned increases the soil humidity.
The improvement of the environment allows the grass in the photovoltaic park to grow rapidly, but the grass grows too high and will block the solar panels and affect the power generation.
To this end, the park has introduced a "grazing-light complementary" model.
In 2015, Tiegai Township and the Upper Yellow River Hydropower Company signed a grazing agreement to put 600 sheep from difficult farmers in Shanghelesi Village, Hahantuhai Village and other villages into the photovoltaic park, trying to use the park's grassland to develop the breeding industry.
In May this year, 778 Tibetan sheep from the collective farm in Hahan Tuhai Village also entered the photovoltaic park.
Photovoltaic power plants are also high-quality pastures, killing two birds with one stone.
In addition to the "photovoltaic sheep" income, the photovoltaic park also brings many jobs to the village.
Ma Changming, Secretary of the Party Branch of Hahan Tuhai Village, said: "There was no industry in our village before, and the village's two committees wanted to do something for the masses, but they couldn't afford it. Since 2019, our village has started to enjoy photovoltaic poverty alleviation. The distribution of project income funds can obtain more than 200,000 income funds every year, and 60% of these funds are used for village collective economic development and public infrastructure construction, etc.;
The photovoltaic industry is combined with agriculture, animal husbandry, and aquaculture, and "PV+" like this has become an important driving force for rural revitalization in many areas.
Yangtun Town, Pei County, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province used to be a large coal mining town. Today, the "fishing and light complementary" project is developed here using the coal mining subsidence, and silver carp and silver carp are cultivated, which has opened up a new development path for ecological benefits.
Xu Fangmin, an aquaculture contractor, said: "In the past, aquaculture cost was high and management was cumbersome. Now, I have contracted 50 acres of water under the 'fishing and light complementary' photovoltaic panels. The photovoltaic panels can shade in summer and keep the water temperature constant, which is beneficial for fish. growth, reducing production costs." Zhang Xinghe, the second-level chief staff member of Yangtun Town, said, "Through the method of 'territorial management and collective benefit', only the 550-mu water area in the first phase can create at least 200,000 yuan of collective operating properties per year. The income, based on the calculation of 6,000 mu, can increase the income of the village by about 2.18 million yuan each year, and the average income of each village can be increased by 1.09 million yuan."
2
Single photovoltaic becomes "multi-energy complementary"
"Cross-Boundary Integration" Outputs Stable, High-Quality and Clean Power to the Grid
On August 8, the International Solar Decathlon Competition was held in Zhangbei County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province.
In recent years, Zhangbei County has developed a new energy industry relying on its rich wind and light resources.
In Dahe Township, Zhangbei County, rows of white wind turbines, blue photovoltaic panels, and green grasslands form a wonderful ecological picture. This scenic line is part of the Zhangbei National Wind and Wind Storage and Transportation Demonstration Project.
The Zhangbei National Wind Power Storage and Transmission Demonstration Project is the world's largest "four-in-one" new energy demonstration power station for wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation, energy storage system and intelligent power transmission.
The whole project uses the world's first wind-solar storage-transmission combined power generation mode to realize the "multi-energy complementarity" and comprehensive utilization of renewable energy such as wind energy, photovoltaics, energy storage, solar thermal, and biomass.
Many clean energy sources have their own weaknesses in power generation. Taking photovoltaics as an example, the biggest disadvantage is that they cannot generate electricity at night. If such electricity is used directly, there will be problems such as voltage instability, so it is difficult to Photovoltaic electricity is directly connected to the Internet alone.
In order to make up for the many deficiencies of traditional photovoltaic power generation, in recent years, photovoltaic power generation combined with various energy sources has become a trend.
The "cross-border integration" of various photovoltaics, such as water-solar complementation, wind-solar complementarity, and water-solar complementarity, exerts the effect of "1+1>2".
About 36 kilometers east from Tala Beach, Gonghe County, Qinghai Province, is the first canyon in the famous Yellow River Gorge, Longyang Gorge, where the first large-scale cascade hydropower station in the upper reaches of the Yellow River is located.
The Longyangxia Hydropower Station and the Talatan Photovoltaic Power Station not far away are a close pair. A 330kV power transmission line connects the two, so that the "photovoltaic" of Talatan and the "hydropower" of Longyangxia are connected. "Into the same transmission network.
Photovoltaic power generation has a difference between day and night, while hydropower generation is affected by seasons and has dry seasons.
"Water and light complementarity" allows the two clean energy sources to learn from each other's strengths and complement each other's weaknesses, and output stable, high-quality clean power to the grid.
The data shows that after the operation of the water-solar complementary project, the annual utilization hours of the transmission lines of the Longyangxia Hydropower Station have increased from the original 4,621 hours to 5,019 hours, and the operation time and utilization rate have been greatly improved.
At present, the world's largest hydro-solar hybrid power station under construction is the Yalong River Kela Photovoltaic Power Station.
According to the plan, the Yalong River Basin will build a complementary green demonstration base for a variety of renewable energy sources such as wind, water and light, with a total scale of more than 80 million kilowatts, including about 30 million kilowatts of hydropower, 10 million kilowatts of pumped storage power, wind power and photovoltaic power generation. 40 million kilowatts.
After the base is fully completed, hydropower and wind power will complement each other seasonally, and wind power and photovoltaics will complement each other day and night, contributing 220 billion kWh of clean electricity every year.
It is also an effective form to make up for the volatility and instability of photovoltaic power generation, build supporting energy storage power stations, and realize the integration of photovoltaic and storage.
In Xinjiang, one of the most abundant solar energy resources in my country, in recent years, many integrated solar thermal (storage) + photovoltaic projects have replaced traditional photovoltaic power plants and become the trend of construction.
Last month, the 100,000-kilowatt solar thermal (storage) + 900,000-kilowatt photovoltaic project in Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang, and the 1,000,000-kilowatt "photovoltaic + solar-thermal" integrated project in Shanshan County, Turpan City started construction one after another.
At the site of the molten salt tower 50,000-kilowatt CSP project in Yiwu County, Hami City, 14,500 diamond-shaped heliostats form a concentric circle around the heat-absorbing tower. The edge is like a small umbrella that is stretched open.
The person in charge of China Energy Construction Group, the project builder, said that compared with photovoltaic power generation, the advantage of CSP is that heliostats can reflect sunlight to the heat absorber of the central heat absorption tower, and the heat absorber will convert the solar energy into For heat energy, the heat energy is converted into electric energy through the generator set, so it can still generate electricity after dark, making up for the shortcomings of photovoltaic power generation.
Wu Tianrong, deputy director of the International Cooperation Department of the China Electricity Council, said that the development of clean electricity should promote the integrated development of multiple energy sources.
With the gradual increase of the proportion of clean energy and new energy in the energy increment, multi-energy complementary and coordinated development will help to increase the use and consumption of new and clean energy.
3
From foundry-based to world-leading technology, solar cell shipments ranked first in the world for 5 consecutive years
Huaikou Town, Jintang County, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, is located in the world's first 5G smart park in the photovoltaic industry.
Walking into the workshop in the park, you can see the world's top photovoltaic module manufacturing scene: hundreds of robotic devices shuttle in an orderly manner, and one single crystal silicon wafer becomes a block of solar cells in a fully automatic intelligent manufacturing production line.
Up to now, more than a dozen intelligent manufacturing production lines have been put into operation in the park, with a production capacity of 22.5 GW of cells.
Compared with the traditional solar cell production line, the amount of labor and energy consumption is greatly reduced. The work that previously required hundreds of employees can now be completed by only a few technicians, and it also has the advantages of safety, stability, precision and efficiency.
Tongwei Solar Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Tongwei Solar), a subsidiary of the park, is a photovoltaic module manufacturer with the world's leading production capacity. The company's solar cell shipments have ranked first in the world for five consecutive years since 2017.
The 5G Smart Park is the fourth production base built by Tongwei Solar after Hefei, Shuangliu and Meishan - Jintang Base.
There are four phases of the project. After all are completed and put into production, it will become the world's largest cell production base with the most advanced process equipment and the highest degree of intelligence.
In recent years, China has not only been at the forefront of the world in terms of photovoltaic power generation, but has also occupied a global leading position in the field of photovoltaic manufacturing.
The "Special Report on Solar Photovoltaic Global Industry Chain" released by the International Energy Agency last month shows that in the past ten years, attracted by the perfect industrial chain and rapid innovation technology, the global solar photovoltaic manufacturing capacity has been increasingly transferred from Europe and the United States to China.
Today, China accounts for more than 80% of all key manufacturing stages of solar panels.
Among the top ten companies in the world for photovoltaic modules, Chinese companies account for about two-thirds.
From "following" to "leading" in just a few years.
Li Yongfang, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, is the first scholar to carry out research on polymer solar cells in my country. In his memory, before 2014, China's photovoltaic industry was still mainly OEM, and the products of enterprises depended on low prices to win, and they were often restricted by foreign countries.
Now, China's photovoltaic technology is the world leader, and the fate of the photovoltaic industry has been controlled by the Chinese themselves.
Liu Hanyuan, chairman of the board of directors of Tongwei Group, introduced that the photovoltaic industry chain is divided into five major links: polysilicon, silicon wafers, cells, modules and power plants. Among them, the production of polysilicon, the core raw material of photovoltaics, has the highest technical content in the entire photovoltaic industry chain.
More than 10 years ago, domestic polysilicon was almost entirely imported; now, among the top ten high-purity crystalline silicon companies in the world, Chinese companies occupy seven seats, of which Tongwei Solar ranks first in the global market share.
In 2013, Tongwei Solar entered the photovoltaic cell industry from high-purity crystalline silicon. At that time, there were only 87 people in the company.
Liu Hanyuan said that at the beginning, the company's annual production capacity was only 1,000 tons. Today, the annual production capacity has reached 180,000 tons.
In 2020, Tongwei Solar entered into battery production, and the high-efficiency battery and its packaging components independently developed by the company broke the world record twice.
The secret of Tongwei Solar's success is to enhance the competitiveness of its products through technological breakthroughs.
In the production of solar cells, silver powder is a very important material.
In the past, the cost of imported silver powder remained high due to foreign technology monopoly and increased tariffs.
In order to reduce costs, Tongwei Solar Hefei Base employee Xie Daipeng and team members tried to make their own silver powder.
In repeated experiments, they found that the technical difficulty lies in the precise control of the temperature of the silver powder sintering furnace.
When the 10,000th cell was tested, they finally succeeded in achieving the same conversion efficiency between domestic silver powder-printed cells and imported silver powder-printed cells, thus overcoming the "stuck neck" problem of the photovoltaic industry relying on imported silver paste. .
Driven by leading companies such as Tongwei Solar, the photovoltaic industry in Chengdu is developing rapidly.
The relevant person in charge of the Chengdu Economic and Information Bureau said that in recent years, Chengdu has focused on cells and modules, and has two technical routes of crystalline silicon and cadmium telluride thin films, gathering Tongwei Solar, CNBM Optoelectronics, Southwest Petroleum More than 20 leading enterprises and scientific research institutions, including the Photovoltaic Industry Technology Research Institute, are expected to exceed 100 billion yuan in the city's photovoltaic industry in 2025.
(Reporter Wang Yajing of this newspaper)