In the world's attention, China's agricultural and rural areas and farmers are rapidly modernizing.
Digital technology, which leads the trend of the times, is changing hundreds of thousands of villages in China at a speed far beyond people's imagination.
The application of digital technology in the field of agriculture, rural areas and farmers is not only the visible e-commerce going to the countryside and the Internet entering the village, but also the popularity of short videos in the countryside. In fact, whether it is agricultural product breeding or the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas, Or the improvement of the level of rural organization is closely related to digital technology.
On August 6th, at the sub-forum of "Digital Agriculture Beautiful Countryside" at the 2022 Beijing News Shell Finance Summer Summit, Ma Rongcai, deputy director and first-level inspector of the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and vice president of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Sun Tan, Deputy Chairman of the Agricultural and Rural Informatization Expert Advisory Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Professor Li Daoliang of China Agricultural University, Rotating Chief Expert and Associate Researcher of the Digital Rural Innovation Team of the Economic Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Zhang Jing, Secretary and Director of the Zhongguancun Party Group of Pinggu Agriculture Navy, Wang Zhenquan, Deputy Mayor of Deqing County, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, National Digital Village Pilot County; Captain Xu Dan gathered together to imagine the future of "digital agriculture, beautiful countryside".
Technology is changing traditional agriculture
Different from traditional agriculture that relies on human farming, modern agriculture supported by science and technology is undergoing earth-shaking changes.
Sun Tan introduced, "Today's agricultural technology is completely different from the previous era. For example, the integration of biotechnology and information technology is being continuously applied to the field of agricultural technology innovation. Currently, biological breeding and computational breeding have become a global and The most cutting-edge direction and mainstream mode of breeding in our country. When artificial intelligence and big data are combined, we can instantly find the correlation between various factors that affect crop yield. At present, through artificial intelligence and big data, we can In seconds, 22,000 factors that affect crop yield can be analyzed and decided, and finally the key factors affecting crop growth can be found, which is called augmented analysis."
Science and technology are the driving force of development and the foundation of agricultural modernization.
According to Ren Haijun, in Pinggu District, Beijing, relying on unique location advantages, natural resources and a relatively complete agricultural industry system, it has seized the "key variable" of agricultural scientific and technological innovation, vigorously promoted the integrated development of informatization and agricultural modernization, and has won awards successively. "Beijing National Modern Agriculture Demonstration Zone", "National Rural Comprehensive Reform Standardization Pilot", "National Agricultural Science and Technology Modernization Co-construction Pioneer County", "National County-level Digital Agriculture and Rural Development Advanced County" and other honorary titles.
On this basis, Pinggu District has clearly put forward the goal of building a "high-end" Pinggu in the next five years. Among them, the top "high" is to build a high-tech agricultural Zhongguancun, build an agricultural China core, and explore innovation-driven and digital empowerment. High-quality economic and social development in rural areas, striving to be at the forefront of rural revitalization and agricultural and rural modernization.
In the future, unmanned farms will become a reality
With the advancement of technology, in the world, the number of agricultural employees is becoming less and less, and the proportion of agricultural output value in GDP is getting lower and lower, but the total agricultural output value is increasing.
Li Daoliang introduced, "From a global perspective, there are mainly several trends: First, the number of agricultural employees is declining. Second, the proportion of agricultural output value in GDP is also declining. Third, agriculture-related industries have risen rapidly. At the beginning, Agriculture is an industry specializing in the production of agricultural products such as grain, meat, eggs, milk, and tea. After development, it will develop into new formats such as processing, circulation, and tourism, integrating primary, secondary, and tertiary industries. Fourth, machines will gradually replace people."
Li Daoliang believes that the development of agriculture can be divided into four stages, "1.0 is traditional agriculture, 2.0 is mechanized agriculture, 3.0 is digital agriculture or smart agriculture we are talking about today, and 4.0 refers to future smart agriculture or unmanned operations. From agriculture From the perspective of development, in the future, we must first realize scale and organization, and secondly, realize mechanization, and carry out digital transformation on the basis of mechanization, so as to achieve the lowest cost and highest efficiency, and then realize networkization. Realize the sharing of data, and the sharing of different data will make production more accurate. After the completion of the network, artificial intelligence based on data will become possible. At this time, agricultural intelligent equipment or robots may appear, then the replacement of the machine by the human is possible. It can be completely realized. An unmanned farm that does not need people to undertake manual labor will appear. An unmanned farm is not a farm without a single person, but a production process without people. Physical labor is replaced by machines. There are still people in sales and service.”
In Pinggu District, Beijing, a new farm is attracting more attention. According to Ren Haijun, last year, Pinggu Agriculture Zhongguancun built a 60-mu "future orchard" management and protection model in Yukou Town. Remote monitoring and big data traceability not only reduce costs, improve quality, but also open up new sales channels and change the sales model.
Farmers, no longer manual workers
An agricultural production model that does not require manual labor, does it still need farmers?
Facts are needed, but the farmers of the future will no longer be laborers facing the loess and turning their backs to the sky in the traditional era, but producers with modern technology.
"The current agricultural workforce in the United States is only 2% of the entire population. The same is true for other countries, Israel, the least, with only 0.5% of the agricultural workforce." Li Daoliang said, "In developed agricultural countries, computers have become indispensable to farmers' production and life. The proportion of households using computers to access the Internet is close to 100%. People control machinery through computers to complete production work. At the same time, data resources have become important production factors, such as land, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, production technology, prices, various management and Decisions are made based on data, not farmers’ experience.”
In such a scenario, unmanned farming and remote farming have become a reality.
In 2015, Xu Dan started his own smart agricultural base construction process in Beijing. By 2020, Xu Dan participated in an agricultural science and technology competition. Through remote technology, he built a greenhouse in Yunnan, 2,200 kilometers away, for 6 months. During the competition time, Xu Dan's team had almost never arrived at the greenhouse site in Kunming. Through remote planting, they allowed the greenhouse 2,200 kilometers away to harvest 12.5 kilograms of tomatoes per square meter during the harvest period. .
"We have developed an artificial intelligence system based on algorithms, which can provide us with suggestions for our daily production, and can also make some judgments on the future growth of plants, environmental control strategies and the probability of occurrence of pests and diseases, which makes us completely ignorant of and Agricultural production can also be carried out in a familiar environment.”
In Xu Dan's view, in the future, some farmers in the true sense will become industrial workers in the greenhouse, and the other part will become technicians in the entire greenhouse production.
In the future, agricultural production will be carried out in a factory-like manner, with refined division of labor and upstream and downstream cooperation. The practitioners no longer worry about changes in the weather and changes in the market affecting their harvests. When the entire industrial chain moves, and the risks of environmental management and the market can be shared, agriculture will truly achieve stability and sustainability.”
The Internet, big data, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, 5G... These technologies are rapidly entering agricultural production, changing the mode of agricultural production, and also putting forward new requirements for future farmers.
Countryside, digitally empowered cornering overtaking
In the past few decades, the development of the countryside has lagged behind the city for a long time.
However, with the comprehensive conclusion of poverty alleviation and the continuous advancement of rural revitalization, rural development is entering the fast lane.
The application of digital technology makes the modernization of the countryside go faster.
Zhang Jing introduced that since 2018, the top-level design of my country's digital villages has initially taken shape.
In the future, digital technology will continue to empower rural revitalization and provide the possibility of "overtaking on curves" for the modernization of my country's agriculture and rural areas.
"In 2018, the digital village strategy first appeared in the No. 1 Central Document. It has been five years since the No. 1 Central Document has never changed its focus on rural digital technology. In recent years, various departments and localities have intensively introduced the construction of digital villages. , the digital reform policy documents, and initially formed the policy system and institutional framework for the construction of digital villages.” Zhang Jing said, “All subjects in the field of agriculture, rural areas and farmers have also shown great enthusiasm for the construction of digital villages. Rural information infrastructure conditions have been continuously improved, with more than 99% of administrative villages across the country connected to optical fibers and 4G networks; digital technologies such as remote sensing, Internet of Things, and big data are increasingly used in agriculture and rural areas.”
The experience of Deqing County, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province is a case that can be used for reference. Deqing County is a national digital village demonstration site. Wang Zhenquan, deputy head of Deqing County, introduced that field planting, facility cultivation, and livestock and poultry aquaculture in Deqing County are basically Realize full coverage of digital technology, reduce labor costs of agricultural enterprises by 43%, and increase production efficiency by more than 40%.
On the basis of the full coverage of e-commerce service stations, rural logistics service stations and Yinong Information Society, Deqing County has created a smart life scene based on digital distribution technology and with a digital life smart service station as a unified entrance, providing villagers with digital The one-stop service for life further promotes the export of agricultural products from the village to the city.
Ecology, sustainable development, beautiful and livable
For many Chinese, the countryside is the spiritual home, and the countryside is poetry and distance.
In the course of modernization, this vision is getting closer and closer to people.
Wang Xiaoqing said that in the process of global promotion of double carbon emission reduction, more and more people have reached a consensus that agriculture will become the main force of carbon neutrality in the future, and the benefits of carbon neutrality in agriculture will far exceed the benefits of agricultural products.
"Global companies are working to reduce emissions, the world's largest seed company has launched a breakthrough product to achieve carbon neutrality, developed a coated seed to protect and promote healthy roots, can absorb more nutrients, With stronger carbon sequestration ability, this seed root system can pass more photosynthesis in the soil and solidify more carbon dioxide into the soil. Many domestic enterprises are also promoting new plans for agricultural carbon neutralization. In Huixian County, Xinxiang, Henan Province A vegetable factory has been established in the power plant, covering a total area of about 50 acres. The waste heat of the power plant becomes the heat source of the vegetable factory, and carbon dioxide becomes the gas fertilizer for vegetable planting. 99% of the manual labor can achieve continuous production throughout the year, and the output is 30 times that of the field of international standard safe vegetables, which can sequester carbon and save up to 20,000 tons of carbon.”
With the improvement of the ecological environment and the beautification of the rural environment, more abundant agricultural formats are constantly developing. According to Sun Tan, health care, agricultural leisure tourism, agricultural tourism, and urban modern agriculture are booming.
In these aspects, digital technology has broad prospects. "We should vigorously develop service trade and combine online and offline, that is, O2O. The transaction between the two parties is not a product, but a service. Through e-commerce, we can promote the local good scenery and good quality. Homestays and good agricultural products, attracting tourists to go to the local area for health care, leisure, sightseeing and agricultural experience, etc. At present, the O2O development in rural areas is still very weak, and there is huge space in the future, which is also to turn green waters and green mountains into green mountains. The most effective way of invaluable assets."
Example, the Beijing model of the digital village
Beijing has strong scientific and technological strength, and it is also the center of the gathering of scientific and technological workers across the country.
In Beijing, the development of digital villages and digital agriculture has also achieved remarkable results.
Ma Rongcai introduced that at present, Beijing is building a big data platform, involving production and operation, industry supervision, rural governance and rural public services.
The big data platform will integrate multi-channel data, realize interconnection and sharing, break down data silos, provide services for the grassroots, and collect new data generated by departments at all levels to form an effective cycle.
In agricultural production and operation, the precision, visualization and intelligence of agricultural production and operation can be realized by means of information technology.
Ma Rongcai introduced, "Precision is mainly reflected in the control of agricultural production environment. Through the analysis of big data, control the production environment of greenhouses and fields, etc., to realize agricultural activities such as precise fertilization, irrigation, and spraying. Visualization can intuitively see where If there is a problem, track the production of crops at any time. Intelligent decision-making is to form a big data management through the accumulation of data, and build a picture of the suburban industry. Through this picture, you can clearly understand the distribution of vegetables, livestock and poultry. In extreme weather, data can also be used for early warning and remediation, that is, to make timely decisions through intelligent management. In addition, in daily life, ordinary people are very concerned about food safety, and informatization should be implemented in the supervision of the agricultural industry, so that agricultural products can be The whole process can be traced. At present, Beijing has established a quality and safety supervision system for agricultural products, and will further improve the level of informatization in the future.”
Just this year, Beijing issued the Action Plan for Accelerating the Development of Digital Agriculture and Rural Areas in Beijing (2022-2025), proposing that by 2025, the development level of smart agriculture in Beijing will increase from 23% in 2020 to 67.5%. The level of rural development has increased from 44.9% in 2020 to 74.5%.
"Beijing's construction of digital agricultural rural areas starts with infrastructure construction." Ma Rongcai said that this is an important part of rural development in the future. Accelerate the construction of information infrastructure. The 4G and 5G networks in Beijing's urban areas are now very popular, but in urban areas Some mountainous areas and natural villages have not yet been popularized, which directly affects the production and life of local farmers, and the construction of gigabit optical networks should also be accelerated.
In addition, farmland water conservancy facilities and agricultural product logistics facilities must be upgraded simultaneously.
Digitalization has led to the overall revitalization of the capital’s countryside and the basic formation of a high-quality agricultural and rural development pattern.
"Farmers are inseparable from information services in the process of employment and entrepreneurship. However, farmers often have insufficient grasp of information." Ma Rongcai said that digital informatization allows farmers to check recruitment information on their mobile phones, regardless of large companies or small companies. Diversified service information.
For those returning to their hometowns to start their own businesses, timely providing them with relevant policy information such as agricultural subsidies, as well as access to production management knowledge, requires a more convenient digital platform.
Beijing News reporter Zhou Huaizong