From the fall semester of this year, the class hours occupied by labor will be separated from the comprehensive practical activity course, and a variety of labor skills will be incorporated into the course
Give full play to the unique educating value of labor education (people's livelihood sight)
Not long ago, the Ministry of Education issued the "Compulsory Education Labor Curriculum Standard (2022 Edition)" (hereinafter referred to as the "New Curriculum Standard"), starting from this autumn semester, the class hours occupied by labor will be independent from the comprehensive practice activity curriculum. Skills will be incorporated into the curriculum.
This has sparked attention to labor classes.
The post-60s and post-70s harvested wheat and collected firewood, the post-80s and post-90s cleaned playgrounds, and did handicrafts... As for labor classes, people of different ages have different memories.
How should today's children take labor classes?
What is the value of labor education?
How can we make labor lessons practical and avoid formalities?
The reporter conducted an interview.
Building morality, enhancing intelligence, strengthening physical fitness, and nurturing beauty, labor education has comprehensive educating value
"Before and after the Qingming Festival, plant melons and beans." This spring, many students in the 21st grade of the Tsinghua High School Affiliated to Beijing had a deeper understanding of this.
Flattening the ground, ditching and loosening the soil, sowing and thinning seedlings... After participating in the annual "Labor +" education course for learning agriculture, the children gradually mastered some labor skills that were not in textbooks under the guidance of teachers at the learning agriculture base.
During the interview, they scrambled to talk about their feelings.
"I didn't expect so much attention to leveling the land. You have to plan the soil three times, build the border three times, and step on the border three times." "I learned how to open ditches, and open four ditches between every two ridges. It was sown in the ground." "It turns out that the seeds of peanuts are relatively large, and they have to be mixed with soil before planting. I really look forward to the moment of harvest."
"Labor education is an important position for cultivating morality. From the perspective of students' growth and talent, labor education has a unique value of educating people." Teacher Zhang Biao, the head of the 21st grade of the junior high school affiliated to Tsinghua University, said that labor can not only exercise the will and quality of students , but also cultivate their ability to unite, cooperate and solve problems, and at the same time, they can feel the wisdom contained in production and life.
"Taking the 'labor +' education course of learning agriculture throughout the year as an example, the children deeply realize that food is not easy to come by. In actual work, they form small teams, which not only divide labor but also cooperate. For example, it is used when measuring land. Mathematical knowledge and the process of writing observation diaries also contribute to the improvement of biology and language skills.”
Children from Shicheng Primary School in Lincheng County, Xingtai City, Hebei Province also fully felt the joy brought by planting labor.
"When I think that the peppers and eggplants I grow can bear fruit, I feel a sense of accomplishment, and I am very happy to work with my friends," said Wei Mingyi, a third-grade student at Shicheng Elementary School.
Every labor class, Wei Mingyi and his classmates, led by the teacher, put on straw hats, took hoes, shovels and buckets, and walked to the school's labor education practice base, the plantation.
In the plantation, Yang Junfen, a labor teacher, taught students how to plant eggplants and peppers.
After listening to the teacher's explanation, the children scrambled to practice.
"Individual students' clothes come to stretch out their hands, and meals come to open their mouths." They don't know how to use matches when doing experiments, and they can't even tell the difference between leeks and wheat seedlings. Labor education is imperative." Chen Heqing, the principal of Shicheng School District (including primary and junior high schools), grew up in the countryside. He has been engaged in front-line teaching for a long time, and he deeply realizes that labor education is an indispensable "nutrition" for a person's growth and success.
"Planting fruit trees, planting vegetables, and feeding native chickens. In the labor education practice base, students can not only experience the hardships of labor and the joy of harvesting, but also improve the Labor awareness and labor ability." Yang Junfen said.
Labor is the practical starting point for acquiring true knowledge, and love of labor is an excellent traditional virtue of the Chinese nation.
Bai Xuefeng, vice-principal of the High School Affiliated to Tsinghua University, said that labor education is an important part of my country's education system and a necessary way for students to grow.
However, in recent years, labor education in some areas has been weakened and marginalized. Some young people do not know how to cherish the fruits of labor, do not want to work, and cannot work. We must attach great importance to this and take effective measures to strengthen labor education.
In 2020, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening Labor Education in Universities, Middle Schools and Primary Schools in the New Era" to guide students to advocate and respect labor.
This "New Curriculum Standard" clearly states that the compulsory education labor curriculum is based on rich and open labor projects, and the focus is to organize students to participate in daily labor, production labor and service labor with a purpose and a plan, so as to train students to correctly labor values, good labor habits and quality.
The course content is set more scientifically, and the labor ability is gradually cultivated
Wash your hands, put on an apron, put on a chef's hat... On the morning of May 19, in the practical activity room of the kindergarten of Shijiazhuang Foreign Language Education Group, Hebei Province, a unique baking class was going on.
In front of the console, 5-year-old Liu Zhenghao holds a butter knife in one hand and holds the butter in the other. After a few knives, the butter is cut into neat small pieces.
"The teacher said that if the knife is farther away from the fingers, it will not cut the hand."
"The children's hands-on ability is very strong, which often surprises me." Zheng Wei, director of the kindergarten of Shijiazhuang Foreign Language Education Group, said that through the labor class, the children not only learned cooking methods such as baking, but also developed the ability to be diligent and thrifty in work. good habits such as planning.
In the kitchen activity classroom of the group's primary school, watching her son skillfully complete a scrambled egg with tomatoes, his mother Wang Mo was particularly pleased.
"He has been taking cooking classes since kindergarten, and now he always cooks one or two dishes for his family on weekends, and some of them are even better than me!" Wang Mo told reporters that in her opinion, the setting of labor courses not only cultivates The child's ability to live independently, and the seeds of family responsibility are planted in the child's heart.
What should labor classes teach and what should be learned at different age groups?
These are common concerns for schools and parents.
According to Chu Zhaohui, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Educational Sciences, the "New Curriculum Standard" not only clarifies "why to teach", "what to teach" and "to what extent", but also strengthens specific guidance on "how to teach".
"Compared with the previous labor class, the concept of labor class in the 'new curriculum standard' is more complete, including both mental and physical labor. At the same time, it combines skills, skills, and scientific and technological practice activities more scientifically." Chu Zhaohui said.
According to reports, the "new curriculum standard" proposes that the content of labor courses is divided into three categories: daily labor, production labor, and service labor, and 10 task groups are set up, such as cleaning and sanitation, sorting and storage, cooking and nutrition, and agricultural production. labor, etc.
"Labor education is not achieved overnight, it needs to go through a long-term process. From the past practice, we believe that different programs should be set up according to different school stages, and labor education should be carried out progressively." Ma Yongjiang, director of the Public Resources Department of Shijiazhuang Foreign Language Education Group Said that in the setting of labor curriculum, more attention should be paid to the connection of curriculum content. For example, the labor curriculum of cooking, from kindergarten to high school, corresponds to the standard from learning simple cold dishes to three dishes and one soup to steamed buns and basic pastries. Progressively cultivate children's working ability.
Bai Xuefeng believes that labor itself is an integral part of life. It is necessary to integrate labor education into students' daily learning and life, and organize students to participate in daily labor, production labor and service labor in a purposeful and planned way in the curriculum system, so that Students experience the basic principles of labor to create a happy life, and realize the unity of knowledge and action.
"The High School Affiliated to Tsinghua University has always attached great importance to labor education. In addition to the 'labor +' course that goes to the field, there are also various forms of campus labor, public welfare labor, and housework. Taking turns to be responsible for the placement of bicycles in the school, the collection and cleaning of dining halls, the cleaning of playground garbage, etc., 'Let the beauty of the attached middle school be related to me', which subtly enhances the children's sense of responsibility and makes them fully aware of the value of labor and significance."
Take labor lessons according to local conditions, and promote labor education in collaboration with home and school
The importance of labor education is self-evident. Many people are concerned about where and who should take labor classes?
Chu Zhaohui said that the curriculum content proposed in the "New Curriculum Standard" is more selective and open. Whether it is the selection and determination of projects, or the construction of curriculum resources and venues, it is advisable to adapt measures to local conditions.
"The place where labor classes are carried out includes families, schools and society. Regarding the issue of teachers, whether to set up full-time teachers or hire part-time teachers with special skills is still the main responsibility of the head teacher. Each region can actively explore according to their own conditions, and adopt appropriate measures for their own situation. plan for the situation.”
Jiang Lijuan, a teacher at Xingfu Road Primary School in Hefei City, Anhui Province, was originally a music teacher. Out of her love for flowers and trees, she took the initiative to take part-time labor lessons in the school.
In addition to regular weekly labor education, whenever she has time, she will bring her children to join in activities such as planting flowers and grass, field management, and fruit picking.
It is understood that focusing on the construction of teachers, the Education and Sports Bureau of Yaohai District, Hefei City has strengthened the training of "professional + volunteering", and invited 136 people, including model workers, non-genetic people, and master craftsmen, to serve as labor education instructors, leading school teachers and students to carry out project-based learning. .
The problem of "who will come to class" has been solved, and the Yaohai District Education and Sports Bureau has also taken a new path in "where to go to class".
On the campus, schools actively open up labor education venues in the open space on campus; outside the campus, open practice venues, build activity platforms, take students to restaurants to experience catering careers, food factories to explore production skills, and fire brigade to learn fire protection knowledge.
"We transformed the corridors and the ground parking lot into a herb garden, a garden of fruits and a vegetable garden. In combination with the characteristics of Anhui, the school has developed non-genetic courses, including paper-cutting, sugar painting, peasant painting, etc., and also cooperated with Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. We will build together in pairs, and invite college teachers and students to come and take children to learn Chinese medicine.” said Zhang Haixia, principal of Xingfu Road Primary School in Hefei City.
Regarding the form of labor classes, some parents expressed their concerns that labor classes are mere formality.
Experts said that the implementation of labor education requires the coordinated promotion of schools, families, and society, optimizing the design of curriculum content and evaluation system, and paying more attention to the acquisition and growth of each student, in order to implement labor education.
"The evaluation of labor education cannot be simply assessed, but depends on the actual gains of the students and whether they have formed a consciousness of respecting and loving labor." Zhang Haixia told reporters that according to the content of the course, the school has set up a labor list for grades one to six. , to encourage parents to supervise, and to test the achievements of labor education by holding labor skills competitions and other activities.
"Labor creates happiness. Labor education should not only encourage children to get close to nature and cultivate various skills, but also make children feel that they have the ability to create a better life in the process of labor. In the future, we will take one step at a time and use happiness education. Cultivate happy people, let every child bathe in the sunshine of labor, and empower them to grow up happily." Zhang Haixia said.
Our reporter Wang Guan Shao Yuzi Youyi