Large-scale cross-regional operations are advanced from south to north——
The epidemic has little impact on the wheat harvest
Our reporter Liu Hui
After Xiaoman, the wheat grains are gradually full, and the large-scale cross-regional machine harvesting of wheat will start from the main producing areas of Huanghuaihai and advance from south to north.
Summer grain is the first season of grain harvesting in the whole year. Do a good job in the mechanical harvesting of wheat, strengthen the mechanical harvesting of grain crops, and strive to achieve a bumper harvest of summer grains, so as to ensure the completion of the goal of stabilizing grain production and increasing production this year, and consolidate the foundation of grain production throughout the year. Anticipation and confidence enhancement are of great significance.
At present, the epidemic situation across the country is spreading in many places. Can the summer harvest ensure that the particles are returned to the warehouse?
Can the wheat harvester work smoothly across regions?
How to minimize summer harvest losses?
Reporters conducted interviews on these hot topics.
The transport of agricultural machinery is smooth
On May 20, Wu Changjin, chairman of Changqian Cooperative in Yongqiao District, Suzhou, Anhui, led 36 agricultural machinery operators to drive 36 large wheat harvesters to Anyang, Henan.
They signed an order for more than 20,000 mu of wheat harvesting with grain farmers in Anyang, and the harvest is expected to be completed in about 5 days.
Then, they will return to Suzhou to harvest wheat, and then go north to Shandong and Hebei, spanning thousands of miles, which will take nearly a month.
More than 97% of my country's winter wheat is harvested by machines, and 30% needs to be harvested by machinery across regions.
The current epidemic situation is severe and complex, which will have a certain impact on the on-road and cross-regional operations of agricultural machinery.
Some agricultural machinery operators are unwilling to go out to work across districts because they are worried that the sudden epidemic will be isolated and controlled, that the trans-regional operation will be blocked on the way, and that the agricultural machinery will not be able to get off the field smoothly.
In the case of frequent epidemics, relevant departments have clarified the policy of guaranteeing summer income.
The person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said that all localities must open up the blocking points in a timely manner, coordinate the adjustment of machinery, equipment, and implement operation service organizations and equipment operators by farmers and plots, and there must be no blanks and dead ends.
On the basis of implementing the epidemic prevention and control measures, organize the centralized processing of vehicle passes for key material transportation vehicles for agricultural machinery operators, promote the establishment of green channels for agricultural machinery transportation at the entrances and exits of expressways, etc., and implement priority inspection and priority for combine harvesters and their transportation service vehicles. Released, providing "one-stop services" such as nucleic acid and antigen testing, territorial registration and filing for cross-regional operators to ensure the smooth transfer of agricultural machinery.
All localities should open and announce the hotline for guaranteeing wheat harvests to help solve difficult problems in a timely manner.
In the closed and controlled areas of the counties and cities where the epidemic occurred, it is necessary to give full play to the role of agricultural machinery socialized service organizations, quickly set up emergency collection teams, and carry out services such as collection and replacement of seeds, so as to ensure that all receivables are collected, and no one is missed due to the epidemic. wheat field.
Some people say that this year, there are significantly fewer machine-to-receive teams on the expressway, which is also true.
In this regard, Liu Xian, president of the China Agricultural Mechanization Association, believes that wheat is the main ration crop in my country, especially in the northern region, with a sown area of more than 300 million mu.
In the past, the level of agricultural mechanization in my country was low, the number of wheat combine harvesters was small, and the distribution was uneven, which required long-distance and cross-regional machine harvesting to achieve balance.
In recent years, driven by support policies such as agricultural machinery purchase subsidies, the number of rice and wheat combine harvesters in the country has reached 1.57 million, and the number of combine harvesters invested in the "Sanxia" wheat machine harvest has basically stabilized at more than 600,000, with sufficient reserves. .
The national agricultural machinery service organization basically covers all towns and towns, and the uneven distribution of agricultural machinery in various regions has gradually narrowed, which can basically meet the needs of local machine harvesting operations.
Reduce machine-receiving link losses
Wheat machine harvesting has the most serious losses in the entire production process.
According to the survey by relevant departments, the average harvest loss rate of wheat in my country in 2019 was 4.7%.
The high loss of wheat machine harvesting not only affects farmers' income from growing grains, but also affects national food security.
"Losses are increased income. One catty of grain is lost in the machine harvesting process, and farmers' friends gain one catty more, and the country's food security is more guaranteed." Liu Xian said.
Chang Qing, chairman of Jinguyuan Cooperative in Baixiang County, Hebei Province, has been trying to reduce the loss of wheat machine harvesting for many years. After years of practice and exploration, the cooperative wheat machine harvesting loss rate has dropped from 60 to 70 catties per mu in 2018 to 2021. Mu lost fifteen or six catties.
Chang Qing introduced that to reduce the loss of wheat machine harvesting, first of all, it is necessary to accurately select the harvesting time.
He suggested to formulate and revise the technical guidelines for the reduction of wheat machine harvesting, and guide farmers to choose the right time to harvest.
Secondly, do the maintenance work of the harvester before the wheat harvest to ensure the accurate operation of the harvester and reduce losses.
"The lack of advanced harvester manufacturing technology is also an important reason for the high loss rate of wheat machine harvesting in the past few years." Zhu Lihao, deputy director of the Information Department of the Agricultural Mechanization Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that some combine harvester parts are unreasonably designed. The loss rate during operation is relatively large.
In recent years, my country's agricultural machinery manufacturing level has been continuously improved, and the popularization and application of large-scale intelligent harvesters has effectively reduced the loss rate of wheat machine harvesting.
From the perspective of practice, it is urgent to accelerate the promotion and application of intelligent green and efficient harvesting machinery, focus on promoting refined grain harvesting, strengthen the integration of agricultural machinery, agronomy, and varieties, and improve the availability and coverage of key technologies.
Liu Xian believes that the uneven operation level of agricultural machinery operators is an important reason for the large loss of machinery harvesting.
Some novice operators are not standardized, can not accurately debug the harvester according to local conditions, and control the harvesting speed poorly, which may cause grain leakage during harvesting.
The harvesting path, the frequency of U-turns and the control of the traveling speed will also affect the grain loss rate of wheat machine harvesting.
Therefore, it is necessary to make great efforts to carry out propaganda and training on machine harvesting loss reduction, incorporate the training of agricultural machine operators into the cultivation project of high-quality farmers, and improve the standardized operation ability of agricultural machine operators.
"Mike" to carry out transformation services
With the increase in the number of combine harvesters, the competition among agricultural machinery operators has become more and more fierce, and it is an indisputable fact that the income of agricultural machinery operations has declined.
Wuchang Jin said that in the past, machine harvesting operations were highly profitable. A wheat harvester with more than 60 horsepower could earn about 30,000 yuan in one season. Now a large wheat harvester with more than 180 horsepower can earn 30,000 to 40,000 yuan in one season. .
The "2022 "Three Summers" Crop Mechanization Service Price and Cost Change Trend Survey Report released by the Agricultural Mechanization Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs together with the Agricultural Mechanization Station believes that during this year's "Three Summers" production, the machine harvest price of wheat is expected to be per 60 yuan per mu, an increase of about 8 yuan compared with last year, an increase of 15% year-on-year.
The main factor for the increase in the price of mechanized operation services in the "Sanxia" period is the increase in fuel costs and labor costs for agricultural machinery.
"Mike" has made important contributions to the development of my country's agricultural mechanization, but it is more difficult to increase profits only by agricultural machinery operations.
Wuchang Jin established an agricultural machinery cooperative as early as 2006. While continuing to carry out agricultural machinery operations, it used its own advantages in agricultural machinery resources to provide whole-process custody services for wheat production, and leased 3,000 mu of land to grow wheat.
In fact, many "Mikes" have extensive knowledge and strong ability, and are constantly seeking changes in business methods.
They either set up agricultural machinery professional cooperatives, or set up family farms, or set up farmers' professional cooperatives, transforming from "Mike" into a new type of agricultural business entity.
"In the process of transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, agricultural machinery social service has broad prospects. The emergence of various agricultural machinery social service organizations has promoted the improvement of my country's agricultural machinery level and the development of modern agriculture." Zhu Lihao said.