Historic Achievements, Pattern Changes
——The results of the ten-year reform and development of higher education
Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education
Education is the foundation.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core, my country's higher education has kept pace with the times, built the world's largest higher education system, and cultivated a large number of high-quality professionals, contributing to national rejuvenation and economic development. Construction, social development, and scientific and technological progress have played an extremely important role, and the cause of higher education has made historic achievements and has undergone pattern changes.
1. The important status and role of higher education is unprecedented
The Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to the cause of higher education. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Our need for higher education is more urgent than ever, and the thirst for scientific knowledge and outstanding talents is stronger than ever." The important strategic position and role of higher education in the new era.
In the past ten years, General Secretary Xi Jinping has visited colleges and universities more than 20 times and delivered important speeches, and has responded to teachers and students in the field of higher education more than 20 times. The way forward provides the fundamentals to follow.
Over the past ten years, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have made comprehensive and systematic arrangements for higher education. The Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed "promoting the connotative development of higher education", and the report of the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed "realizing the connotative development of higher education".
The Central Office and the State Office have successively issued important documents such as the Opinions on Revitalizing Higher Education in Central and Western China in the New Era, Opinions on Strengthening the Training of Talents in Basic Disciplines, and Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Innovative Development of Medical Education. The National Conference on Undergraduate Education in Colleges and Universities, the National Conference on Postgraduate Education, and the National Conference on Vocational Education, the "serial drama" of talent training has been carried out in an all-round way, which fully proves that the Party Central Committee attaches great importance to building a strong country in higher education.
2. Remarkable achievements in the development of higher education
Over the past ten years, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, my country's higher education has kept pace with the times and has created world-renowned development achievements, which are mainly reflected in the following five aspects:
First, the scale of higher education has grown.
The world's largest higher education system has been built, with a total enrollment of more than 44.3 million people. The gross enrollment rate of higher education has increased from 30% in 2012 to 57.8% in 2021, an increase of 27.8 percentage points, achieving a historic leap in higher education. It has entered the stage of universalization recognized by the world.
The number of people receiving higher education in my country has reached 240 million, and the average number of years of education for the newly added labor force has reached 13.8 years. Significant changes have taken place in the quality structure of the labor force, and the quality of the entire nation has been steadily improved.
Higher education continues to innovate in terms of education methods, school-running models, management systems, and security mechanisms, providing strong support for building an important talent center and innovation highland in the world.
Second, the strength of higher education has become stronger.
Through the "211", "985" projects and the "Double First-Class" construction plan, a number of universities and a large number of disciplines have reached the world's advanced level, and the overall level of China's higher education has entered the world's first phalanx.
Formed a Chinese paradigm for the development of MOOCs and online education.
The Chinese MOOC Conference and the World MOOC Conference have been held successively, forming a set of Chinese paradigms for MOOC development including concepts, technologies, standards, methods, and evaluations.
As of the end of February 2022, the number of online MOOCs in my country has exceeded 52,500, the number of registered users has reached 370 million, and more than 330 million college students have obtained MOOC credits, ranking first in the world in terms of the number and application scale of MOOCs.
The establishment of the "National Higher Education Smart Education Platform" and the initiation of the establishment of the World MOOC and Online Education Alliance have become one of the key strategies to actively lead the future development of the world's higher education.
Innovation and entrepreneurship education leads the world.
Continuing to deepen the reform of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities, more than 30,000 specialized courses on innovation and entrepreneurship education and more than 11,000 online open courses have been offered in colleges and universities across the country, and 174,000 industry talents have been hired as full-time and part-time teachers of innovation and entrepreneurship. College students participated in the "National College Students' Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program".
The 7th China International "Internet +" College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition has been successfully held, attracting 6.03 million teams and 25.33 million college students from more than 120 countries and regions on five continents. The competition has directly created 750,000 jobs and indirectly provided There are 5.16 million jobs, promoting the formation of a new concept of talent training and quality.
The ability of higher education to serve the country has been significantly improved.
Higher education actively subordinates the "small logic" of its own development to the "big logic" of national economic and social development. The ability of colleges and universities to serve the country's major strategies has been continuously enhanced. It has won more than 60% of the three major national science and technology awards, and more than 60% of the country's basic research, More than 80% of the National Natural Science Foundation of China projects are undertaken by colleges and universities. Colleges and universities have provided key technologies for key fields such as high-speed rail, nuclear power, biological breeding, vaccine research and development, and national defense and military industry, and participated in the development of supercomputers, Beidou satellite navigation systems, Shenzhou series and other national weapons , support and lead the construction of a cultural power, a talent power, a sports power, a healthy China, a beautiful China, and a safe China.
Third, the quality of higher education training has improved.
"Based on the basics" and "Four Returns" are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and "students are busy, teachers are stronger, systems are strengthened, and quality is improved" has become the general consensus and direction of efforts on the front.
Guided by the "Double Ten Thousand Plan" for first-class majors and first-class courses, a total of 8,031 national and 8,632 provincial-level first-class major construction sites have been identified, and the first batch of 3,559 national-level first-class courses have been selected; The Outstanding Teaching Award and the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent Award have selected a large number of "big gentlemen" who have made outstanding contributions in the front-line of colleges and universities, such as Yao Qizhi, Zhang Boli, and Lin Yifu, to effectively motivate and guide teachers to improve their teaching ability and devote themselves to teaching and educating people.
Progressive, interlocking, and long-term efforts to promote the "four new" construction, and carry out comprehensive reforms from educational ideas, development concepts, quality standards, technical methods, quality evaluation and other talent training paradigms.
In the face of a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, in the face of socialist modernization, and in the face of the development of higher education in the world, it has made educational responses, era responses, active responses, and Chinese responses.
Deepen the construction of new engineering disciplines, comprehensively promote the innovation of organizational model, theoretical research innovation, content method innovation and practice system innovation, implement a total of 1457 new engineering projects, explore the construction of an education mechanism that integrates multiple elements of production, education and research, and multi-subject collaboration, accumulative support More than 1,100 undergraduate colleges and nearly 800 enterprises have cooperated with 37,000 projects, and enterprises have provided funds and software and hardware support of about 11.2 billion yuan.
Taking the innovation of the organizational model of the colleges and departments as the starting point, we will promote the construction of 28 demonstration microelectronics colleges, 11 first-class network security colleges, 50 modern industrial colleges, 33 characteristic demonstration software colleges, and the first batch of 12 future technology colleges. Promote deep-level changes in engineering education.
Deepen the construction of the new medical department, position the "big national plan", "big people's livelihood", "university" and "big major", strengthen the Taoism, benevolence, academic, technology and art of medical students training, and lead the innovation and development of medical education.
A national system for the cultivation of clinical medical talents with "5+3" as the main body shall be constructed in collaboration with medical education.
Accelerate the training of top-notch innovative talents in compound high-level medicine, hold the 10th China University Student Medical Technology Skills Competition in a row, support 11 colleges and universities to carry out eight-year clinical medical education, and promote the pilot reform of "medicine + X" compound talent training.
Integrate apprenticeship education into the whole process of talent training in traditional Chinese medicine, and basically build a talent training system that conforms to the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine.
Accredited by the World Medical Education Federation, a professional accreditation system for medical education with Chinese characteristics and international substantial equivalence has been established.
Deepen the construction of new agricultural science, build a complete system of new agricultural science construction from the macro, meso, and micro levels, and set up the first batch of 407 new agricultural science practice projects.
Comprehensively strengthen farming and reading education in agriculture-related colleges and universities, launch a series of online open courses for "big country, agriculture, rural areas and farmers", build 36 national-level first-class courses related to farming and reading education, compile and publish the first new agricultural science and new form textbook of "Ten Lectures on Farming and Reading Education", creating and constructing 184 cultivation and reading education practice bases.
Continue to strengthen the cultivation of specialized talents in the seed industry, support 48 colleges and universities to set up undergraduate majors in seed science and engineering, cultivate high-quality innovative talents in the seed industry, and strongly support and lead the construction of new agriculture, new countryside, new farmers and new ecology.
Deepen the construction of new liberal arts, and clarify the overall goal of building a world-class, Chinese-characteristic liberal arts talent training system.
Facing 6 major topic areas, 1,011 new liberal arts programs have been established in 22 topic areas to meet economic and social needs, and more than 3,000 interdisciplinary integration majors in liberal arts, arts, and arts have been added.
Arrange talent training in key fields, set up 70 top-notch talent training bases for basic disciplines in the liberal arts in 29 colleges and universities, and speed up the training of foreign-related legal talents, international communication, and international organizations.
The four major lecture halls of China's political and legal practice, news and communication, economy and art have been comprehensively launched to create a "Golden Course in China" and promote the close integration of liberal arts education and social practice.
The top-notch basic discipline plan 2.0 has been launched in an all-round way, 288 student training bases have been established in 77 colleges and universities, and the “Chinese paradigm” for training top-notch talents in basic disciplines has been explored. A total of more than 10,000 outstanding students have been attracted to join the basic disciplines, forming a group of top-notch talents in basic disciplines. The "echelon network" lays a solid foundation for building the world's important talent center and innovation highland in order to take the road of independent talent cultivation.
Fourth, the structure of higher education has improved.
The university degree conferring system, professional catalog system and management system with Chinese characteristics have been continuously improved.
Actively integrate into the national strategy and industry development, adjust and optimize the layout of disciplines and majors in line with the new development pattern, and promote interdisciplinary integration for solving practical problems.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, a total of 265 new majors have been included in the catalogue of undergraduate majors, and there are currently 771 majors in the catalogue; 17,000 undergraduate majors have been added, and 10,000 have been revoked or suspended. adaptability was significantly enhanced.
The revitalization and development of higher education in the central and western regions was further advanced.
Focusing on the strategic layout of "four points, one line and one side", revitalize higher education in the central and western regions, and jointly with relevant ministries and commissions, start the basic capacity building project of colleges and universities in the central and western regions, and consolidate the foundation for running schools. During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, a total of 10.7 billion yuan has been invested in the central budget. , the implementation of "one province, one school" and "one school, one case". During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" and "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, each school is supported by about 100 million yuan from the central government each year.
The counterpart support work was deepened. 119 subordinates and high-level universities in the east participated in supporting 103 universities in the central and western regions, achieving full coverage of 12 western provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps.
The joint construction of colleges and universities has achieved remarkable results.
151 new colleges and universities have been jointly established with relevant ministries, large enterprises and local governments.
Relying on the joint construction mechanism, the first batch of "Double First-Class" joint construction of local governments has invested a total of more than 66 billion yuan in construction funds, and the provincial and ministerial joint construction of local colleges and universities has received a total of more than 100 billion yuan during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, effectively improving the joint construction of colleges and universities. The overall school-running level and the ability to serve major national and regional strategies.
Fifth, the party's overall leadership over colleges and universities has become more rigid.
The Party's overall leadership over colleges and universities has become more solid. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China revised and issued the "Regulations on the Work of Basic-level Organizations in Ordinary Colleges and Universities of the Communist Party of China", which provides an important institutional guarantee for strengthening the Party's work in colleges and universities.
The higher education front is led by the party's political construction, leading and driving the overall improvement of the quality of the party's construction, the principal responsibility system under the leadership of the party committee is more perfect, the school's party construction and career development are deeply integrated, and the comprehensive and strict governance of the party will be developed in depth and extended to the grassroots. .
In particular, we will continue to do a good job in the central inspection and rectification as an important opportunity to promote the reform and development of the school, deeply grasp the new tasks of the school in the new era, promote high-quality development, and achieve obvious results.
The construction of the ideological and political system has been advanced in an all-round way, firmly grasping the main line of casting the soul and educating people with Xi Jinping's new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and in accordance with the important instructions of General Secretary Xi Jinping that "all courses must guard a section of canals and cultivate a good field of responsibility" , to promote various courses and ideological and political theory courses in the same direction, to form a synergistic effect, and to integrate value shaping, knowledge transfer and ability training.
Launched 699 ideological and political demonstration courses, 699 famous ideological and political teaching teachers and teams, and 30 teaching and research demonstration centers, developed ideological and political teaching guides for general undergraduate professional courses, and trained 670,000 teachers in different disciplines of arts, science, agriculture and medicine.
Colleges and universities have become a strong position for adhering to the leadership of the party. According to our country's unique history, unique culture, and unique national conditions, and in accordance with the "value requirements" of world-class universities with Chinese characteristics, they have embarked on a path to build a world-class university with Chinese characteristics. new road.
The majority of teachers and students have a firmer belief in listening to the party's words and walking with the party. In the torrent of the era of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, they will work hard and move forward courageously. The "two safeguards" have been implemented in the action of taking root in China to run universities, and colleges and universities have become a strong position to adhere to the party's overall leadership.
3. Development Goals in the New Era of Higher Education
Since the 18th CPC, the higher education front has been guided by high quality, focusing on the shift from the concept of element development to the concept of overall development, and constantly exploring and establishing educational concepts and models with Chinese characteristics that are in line with national conditions. The voice of China provides Chinese experience and contributes Chinese wisdom.
Facing the new journey, we will adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, based on the overall strategic situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the great changes unseen in the world in a century, with the heart of "the great man of the country", in order to serve the prosperity of the country, national rejuvenation, People's happiness contributes.
The first is to adhere to the high-level implementation of the fundamental task of cultivating people with morality, and to improve the fundamental quality of higher education; Strengthen the ability to serve the country's major strategic needs, and make every effort to improve the service quality of higher education; fourth, adhere to the socialist development path with Chinese characteristics, take root in China to run universities, and make every effort to create a Chinese paradigm for higher education.