Increase grain production capacity and build a granary of great powers (listen and pay attention to food security)
core reading
Heilongjiang Province is known as the "North Dakang", and its grain output has ranked first in the country for 12 consecutive years.
Explore new practices of smart agriculture, increase soybean planting area, and carry out land trusteeship services... This year, Heilongjiang Province will continue to focus on food production and be a "ballast stone" for maintaining national food security.
It was just dawn, and Li Shuguo, a grower in the sixth management area of Beidahuang Group No. 858 Farm by the Wusuli River, came to the field to check the moisture content.
When we go to the fields during the farming season, we are busy with farming.
Like Li Shuguo, in the vast black land of Heilongjiang Province, the vast number of growers ushered in a good season for agricultural production.
This year, Heilongjiang Province will continue to focus on grain production. The planned planting area of grain crops in the province is more than 218.5 million mu, an increase of more than 231,000 mu compared with 2021, and the total grain output is stable at more than 150 billion catties.
What are the characteristics of grain production in Heilongjiang this year?
The reporter conducted an interview recently.
Optimizing Layout for Expanding Soybean Planting
Li Shuguo is an "old-fashioned" rice planter, but this year's spring ploughing is extraordinarily new to him.
why?
It turned out that this was the first year that he switched from paddy fields to dry fields.
Li Shuguo began to grow rice in 1998, but in recent years he has become more and more "insecure".
"Due to the over-exploitation of groundwater in the past few years, water can be seen in less than two meters in the past, but now it can be pumped down to six or seven meters." Last year, due to high pumping costs and large initial investment, 580 acres of paddy fields were fully calculated, and Li Shuguo's income Not more than 100,000 yuan.
Just after the Spring Festival this year, Bian Hongtao, a staff member of the agricultural development department of the farm, came to the door.
"Lao Li, the farm is a pilot project of 'rice-to-bean' this year. The state calls for the expansion of soybean planting, and there are also policy subsidies. Your paddy field belongs to the well-irrigated rice area in the cold area, and it is changed to dry land. What do you think?"
Li Shuguo, who was worried, came to his head.
The farm invested funds in field renovation. At the end of March, Li Shuguo's 580 mu of paddy fields were renovated.
There is a subsidy for the purchase of new agricultural machinery. Li Shuguo bought a no-tillage air-suction planter, and the equipment debugging has been completed. The seeds and fertilizers ordered by the farm are all in place.
"This year, Heilongjiang Province has carried out 250,000 mu of pilot projects to replace water with drought and rice with beans in some groundwater over-exploitation areas and well-irrigated rice areas in cold regions. The focus is on areas with low paddy field yield and strong operability for reconstruction, mainly in the The Sanjiang Plain area can not only ensure stable rice production, but also help soybean expansion, and the transformation indicators have been implemented in various places." Guo Jiayong, deputy director of the Plantation Management Department of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Heilongjiang Province, said.
In January this year, Heilongjiang Province released the "2022 Heilongjiang Province Soybean Expansion Work Plan", which requires vigorously implementing the soybean production capacity improvement project, expanding the soybean planting area, tapping the potential of soybean yield per unit, and improving soybean quality.
In order to allow farmers to grow grain without losing money and make money, Heilongjiang Province has integrated special funds to support, and the provincial finance has allocated 1 billion yuan of agriculture-related funds to support the expansion of soybean planting, and continue to implement the differentiated subsidy policy for corn and soybeans. In principle, soybean The producer subsidy is about 200 yuan per mu higher than the maize producer subsidy.
Guo Jiayong introduced that this year's soybean planting area in Heilongjiang province is more than 68.5 million mu, an increase of more than 10 million mu compared with 2021.
Through market orientation, Heilongjiang Province actively guides farmers to adjust the planting structure, stabilize the planting area of rice, reduce the planting area of corn, and expand the planting area of soybean, so as to achieve the goal of optimizing the planting structure.
Land trusteeship reduces costs and increases efficiency
In the Weihe Modern Agricultural Machinery Professional Cooperative located in Linjiang Town, Lanxi County, Suihua City, dozens of agricultural machinery and tools are lined up one after another, and the agricultural machinery operators are stepping up debugging. The scene is very spectacular.
"Farmers entrust their land to us and make room to go out to work. We must grow the land well and not let them suffer!" Looking at the "big guys" in front of him, the chairman of the cooperative, Du Zhongbao, is full of confidence.
Du Zhongbao's confidence stems from the changes that have taken place in the cooperative in recent years.
In the past, the community has always relied on the transfer of land to achieve large-scale operations. With the increase in land prices, the pressure on funds has increased.
Beginning in 2018, under the guidance of the government, the cooperative changed its development thinking and opened a new service model for agriculture - land trusteeship.
According to Wang Xingkun, a researcher from Lanxi County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, land trusteeship is a new type of socialized service method for agricultural production that has emerged in recent years. Farmers sign contracts with trusteeship service organizations such as cooperatives and pay trusteeship fees. The trusteeship service organization conducts agricultural production and the government performs Regulatory responsibility, the food produced belongs to the farmers.
"Saving the money for land transfer, we can concentrate on purchasing high-quality agricultural materials. Compared with farmers, we have the conditions to carry out large-scale operations, integrate land, machinery and other production factors, and grow high-quality grain through scientific farming, sell good prices, and reduce Costs, benefits, cooperatives and farmers to achieve a win-win situation." Du Zhongbao said.
"If you want farmers to trust the land to trusteeship service organizations, the key is to see the benefits. Take last year's corn as an example, farmers' self-planting cost was about 370 yuan per mu, and the whole process of trusteeship cost was about 330 yuan per mu, saving 40 yuan per mu on average. The cooperative has scientific planting and standardized operations. The average yield per mu has increased by 100 catties, and the income has increased by 130 yuan. After the account is clear, there will naturally be more people who choose to serve." Wang Xingkun said that last year, Lanxi County's entire custody area was 704,000 mu, and the service There are 24,000 farmer households. This year, Lanxi County has been identified as a pilot county for national agricultural socialization service innovation.
"Last year, the development of new agricultural business entities in Heilongjiang Province accelerated, with 62,000 family farms and a total area of 20.42 million mu of agricultural production custody services. By 2025, the entire agricultural production custody service area will reach 60 million mu, and the land will be operated on a moderate scale. The proportion reaches 80%." Wang Zhaoxian, director of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Heilongjiang Province, said.
Technology empowers smart farming
In the warm air, the rice seedlings are thriving, looking around, like a tender green carpet, radiating infinite vitality.
This is the rice seedling laboratory built by Beidahuang Group in Sanjiang National Agricultural Science and Technology Park.
"Set the temperature to 28 degrees, the humidity to 20%, and adjust the light intensity..." Zhang Shaobo, deputy director of Jiansanjiang National Agricultural Science and Technology Park, touched the central control screen on the wall with his fingertips. More than 10 kinds of rice seedlings will usher in a new round of experiments. .
"Breeding experiments were carried out in previous years, and only half a year can be carried out. When the temperature drops in winter, the work can only be stagnant. At the beginning of this year, we cooperated with the academician workstation of Huazhong Agricultural University to build an artificial climate laboratory to simulate the climate conditions in Hainan. Experiments can be carried out throughout the year. We combine the high-quality characteristics of different rice varieties, carry out experiments on rice hybrid breeding technology, and screen out high-quality rice suitable for local cultivation.” Zhang Shaobo said.
To achieve agricultural modernization, improved seeds are the key.
In recent years, Heilongjiang Province has solidly promoted the revitalization of the seed industry, carried out technical breakthroughs in "stuck neck" of seed sources, and further tapped the potential of improved seeds to increase grain production.
Beidahuang Group has approved 192 new crop varieties, and the self-developed high-quality rice varieties have a cumulative promotion area of more than 10 million mu.
"After the unmanned intelligent seedling raising, the unmanned rice transplanter began to work in the fields. Smart agriculture saves time and effort in farming!" said Sun Zhong, a grower in the 13th management area of Beidahuang Group's Qixing Farm, proudly. A few days ago, he had just installed a satellite navigation driving system on the newly added rice transplanter at home.
"Intelligent seedling raising is a good start. This year, Qixing Farm will carry out unmanned operations in the whole production process including ploughing, planting, management, and harvesting of 15,000 mu of land, saving labor costs by more than 40%, reducing fertilizer application by more than 20%, and reducing grain output by more than 20%. An increase of more than 5%." said Zhou Yu, deputy general manager of Seven Star Farm Co., Ltd.
"We promote the application of intelligent agricultural machinery in field operations, and lead the development of intelligent agriculture with the development of intelligent agricultural machinery. By 2025, it is planned to complete the installation of positioning terminals for 260,000 tractors, harvesters and rice transplanters to achieve full coverage of positioning information." Great Northern Wilderness Wang Shoucong, Secretary of the Party Committee and Chairman of the Agricultural Reclamation Group Co., Ltd., introduced.
Intelligent breeding, satellite navigation, agricultural monitoring... On the vast black land, intelligent agricultural technology is expanding its application and contributing to the high-quality development of agriculture.
At present, the comprehensive mechanization level of farming, planting, management and harvesting in Heilongjiang Province has reached 98%, and the whole process of agricultural production has been basically mechanized; the contribution rate of agricultural science and technology progress has reached 69%, which is 9 percentage points higher than the national level.
Our reporter Fang Yuan