China News Agency, Shijiazhuang, April 20th: Lei Jianhong: How does Xiong'an inject the Yan culture of "generous elegy" into Chinese civilization?
China News Agency reporter Niu Lin Li Xiaowei
One of the major issues in the construction of Xiongan's archaeology is to further excavate and confirm the origin of the Yan culture that injected the "generous elegiac" temperament into Chinese civilization.
In the past five years, what kind of answer has been given by the Xiongan archaeology since the Nanyang site?
Lei Jianhong, an associate researcher at the Hebei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, recently accepted an exclusive interview with China News Agency's "East and West Questions" to interpret the genealogy and origin of Xiong'an culture.
The following is a summary of the interview transcript:
China News Service reporter: As one of the regions with the richest cultural accumulation in the North China Plain, what kind of historical iteration has Xiongan experienced? What position does it occupy in the process of Chinese history and culture?
Lei Jianhong:
Xiongan area, or Baiyangdian area, is one of the areas with the densest distribution of ancient cultural relics in Hebei.
The history of human activities in the Xiongan area can be traced back to prehistoric times.
During the Neolithic Age, the cultural lineage of the Xiongan area was complex, with a clear chronological sequence in the early, middle and late periods. There were Beifudi culture, Yangshao culture, Longshan culture, etc., about 8,000 to 4,500 years ago.
During the Xia, Shang, and Western Zhou dynasties, the Baiyangdian area was between Huaxia and Rongdi, and belonged to the northern border of the Central Plains Dynasty.
At the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the State of Yan was divided to manage the north, and the State of Yan became the northern barrier of the Zhou Dynasty.
In the early Spring and Autumn Period, Marquis Yanhuan moved the capital to Linyi, and until the Warring States Period, the southern border of Yan State was bounded by Yishui, Zhao and Qi.
The state of Zhao destroyed Zhongshan and gained today's safe and new land, laying the foundation for the "Yannan Zhaobei" in the Xiong'an area.
After Qin unified the six kingdoms, the prefectures and counties were established in Guangyang, and the Xiongan New Area belonged to Yixian County, Guangyang County.
In the Western Han Dynasty, the Youzhou Prefectural History Department was established, and in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it returned to the Jizhou Prefectural History Department.
Until the Northern Dynasties, this place was located in the marginal area between Youzhou and Jizhou, or Jizhou or Youzhou or divided.
During the Song and Liao Dynasties, the border culture of Xiongan area had distinctive features.
The archaeological remains represented by the Song-Liao Border Tunnels and Juchang Culture are important historical witnesses in the Northern Song Dynasty of China.
During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Xiong'an area, which was the "Barrier of Ji's Auxiliary", became the bridgehead for guarding the capital.
Distribution map of cultural relics in Xiongan New Area.
Photo courtesy of Hebei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology
The geographical environment of Xiongan area is open, and culture is spread and exchanged here, forming a multi-cultural intersection area. The farming culture of the Central Plains and the northern grassland culture, the eastern coastal culture and the western inland culture interact here, and the cultural appearance is colorful, showing diversity, Complexity.
Historically, Xiongan was located at the junction of farming and nomadic civilization, and at the same time was at the forefront of conflict and confrontation.
It is this kind of exchange and collision, under the geopolitical form of "Great Wall-Border Pass", that has created Xiongan's "simple and brave" spirit, "suicide and righteousness" social atmosphere and "compatible and open" humanistic quality.
Multiculturalism collides, communicates, integrates and develops here, which has precipitated into the cultural gene of the Chinese nation's openness and inclusiveness, and has witnessed the historical process of the diverse and integrated Chinese civilization.
China News Agency reporter: Why does the construction of Xiong'an have to "archaeology first"? What kind of historical significance is given to the "Xiongan Archaeology" that was first opened?
Lei Jianhong:
No historical context, no Xiongan future.
For a city to stand, the key is to inherit its own culture.
Xiongan's construction of archaeology first, is to have a sense of reverence for history and culture, and to care for the thousand-year-old cultural context.
The construction of Xiongan New Area is a "millennium plan", and inheritance is the foundation of development.
Do a good job in the protection and utilization of cultural relics in Xiongan New Area, so that it can be integrated into the social and economic development of Xiongan New Area to the greatest extent, so as to develop and protect in the process of protection. Culture nourishes.
Seeking root context and archaeological investigation is an extremely arduous and tedious project.
As a cultural symbol and memory carrier, the Xiongan New Area has a large number of cultural relics, deep underground burials and a large age span.
In order to effectively protect cultural relics and provide an archaeological basis for the scientific planning and steady construction of the new district, an archaeological survey of the whole area was launched in advance to find out the family background.
At the same time, vigorously promote the pre-archaeological work, fundamentally solve the contradiction between the construction of Xiongan New Area and archaeological work, and promote the coordinated development of economic construction, cultural relics protection and archaeological research.
In the exhibition room of the cultural relics protection and archaeological workstation of Xiongan New Area, Lei Jianhong sorted out the unearthed cultural relics.
Photo by China News Agency reporter Zhai Yujia
China News Service reporter: What scientific and technological means did Xiongan Archaeology use? What progress and results have been achieved so far?
Lei Jianhong:
In the archaeological work of Xiongan New Area, it is necessary to practice innovative ideas, improve the technological content, and promote digital archaeology.
First, establish a comprehensive archaeological business management platform, implement standardized and scientific management of archaeological work, and initially form an archaeological resource database to facilitate inquiry, management, academic research, and achieve research sharing.
The second is to use remote sensing mapping technologies such as airborne lasers and photogrammetry to carry out surveys on the palaeogeographical environment of Xiongan New Area, the Great Wall of Yannan, and the 200-square-kilometer ground cultural relics in the starting area.
Third, the archaeological site fully adopts digital technology and equipment, which improves the efficiency of archaeological work on the one hand, and improves the scientific level of archaeological work on the other hand.
Since the establishment of the Xiongan New Area, the archaeological work and achievements mainly include the following aspects:
The first is to carry out a comprehensive archaeological survey of cultural relics in the Xiongan New Area.
In order to further find out the distribution and quantity of immovable cultural relics in Xiong'an New Area, the joint archaeological team of Xiong'an New Area conducted a comprehensive archaeological survey of cultural relics in the whole new area from May to December 2017, and found 263 immovable cultural relics, and compiled " Special Report on the Investigation of Cultural Relics in Xiongan New Area.
The second is to carry out archaeological investigation, exploration and excavation of the Nanyang site.
As the largest national key cultural relics protection unit in Xiongan New Area, Nanyang Ruins is rich in culture.
Through archaeological excavations, it is basically confirmed that the main culture of the Nanyang site is the Yan culture of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. feature.
The co-existence of the city site and the tombs were found, and they confirmed each other, which can more comprehensively study the local ancient social conditions from the two aspects of "life" and "death", which further proves the age and nature of the Nanyang site.
Combined with the discovered "Yi Shi" pottery pieces and related historical documents, it provides important clues for finding the "Yi" in the southern part of Yan State during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.
The third is to carry out archaeological work on the Mozhou City Site, the Dongxiaoli-Bailong Southwest Cemetery, the Guzhou City Site, and the Chengzi Site.
The fourth is to carry out archaeological exploration and excavation work in the starting area of Xiongan New Area.
Plan of Nanyang Ruins in Xiongan New Area.
Photo courtesy of Hebei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology
China News Service reporter: How did Xiongan archaeology unearth and prove the origin of the Yan culture, which infused Chinese civilization with a "generous elegiac" temperament?
Lei Jianhong:
Yan culture occupies an important position in the Chinese civilization system and is also the essence of Hebei's history and culture.
Yan culture has a process of gestation, development and continuation. The Yan culture in Hebei is in a mature and glorious period in the whole Yan culture. Excellent crystallization of Chinese traditional culture.
One of the major subjects of Xiongan archaeology is to further excavate and prove the origin of the Yan culture that infused Chinese civilization with the "generous elegy" temperament.
The archaeological and cultural aspects of the Xiongan New Area from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to the Han and Wei Dynasties are basically Yan culture factors, represented by the Nanyang site.
The main cultural connotation of the Nanyang site and its surrounding areas is the Yan culture in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Houyan culture in the Han and Wei periods.
Whether the Nanyang site, which is concerned by the outside world, is the "Linyi" or "Yi", the capital of Yan State, cannot be determined at present.
According to historical records, Yan had moved the capital five times. In the early Spring and Autumn Period, when the northern Shanrong invaded, Yan Huanhou moved to "Linyi"; in the middle of the Warring States Period, Yan Wengong moved to "Yi".
However, the location of "Linyi" and "Yi" Diwang is very controversial.
Nanyang Village has excavated bronze tripods, copper pots and other utensils in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, with inscriptions such as "You Zhengyin" and "West Palace" inscribed; Style, its geographical location is also similar to the "Linyi" and "Yi" recorded in the history books.
However, through archaeological excavations of the Nanyang site in recent years, no noble tombs and palace foundations have been found, which are two very important elements as a capital.
Lei Jianhong displays copper bubbles unearthed from the Nanyang site in Xiongan New Area.
Photo by China News Agency reporter Zhai Yujia
After archaeological investigation, it has been found that the "Da Nanyang" site settlement group with Nanyang site and Yangmatai site as the core has a huge area of nearly 18 square kilometers.
There are 13 sites and cemeteries. The cultural relics have been preserved from the late Neolithic to the Song and Jin Dynasties. The cultural development has lasted for nearly three thousand years. The archaeological and cultural development has been continuous and the line of inheritance is clear.
The "Great Nanyang" area, as an important benchmarking archaeological reference point, is an important part and epitome of the millennium history and culture of the Xiong'an New Area, and it is also an important cultural resource for the development and construction of the new area.
Taking the construction of the Xiongan New Area as an opportunity, archaeologists are working on archaeological investigations in the area east of the Daqing River centered on the Nanyang site, the piedmont area of the Taihang Mountains around the Damagazhuang cemetery, and the areas on both sides of the ancient Yellow River near the Nanling City site. , exploration and excavation, aiming to carry out in-depth and systematic research on Zhouyan culture, Xianyan (Yan) culture, and Houyan (Yandi) culture, and at the same time integrate into Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integrated regional archaeology, trying to clarify the breeding, development, and development of Yan culture. The historical development process of maturity, glory and decline.
(Finish)
Interviewee Profile:
Lei Jianhong, born in 1971, associate researcher, is currently the director of the Archaeology Department of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties of Hebei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology.
In 1996, he graduated from the Department of History, Shandong University, majoring in archaeology, and has been engaged in archaeological excavation and research.
He has successively been responsible for the archaeological investigation, exploration and excavation of more than 30 large-scale capital construction projects such as the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, Shihuang Expressway, Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway, Qingyin Expressway, and Zhangshi Expressway.
He presided over several special research archaeological excavations such as Huanghua Haifeng Town Site, Huanghua Yundicheng Urn Coffin Burial, Xiong'an New Area Nanyang Site and Dongxiaoli-Bailong Southwest Cemetery.
Among them, the archaeological excavation of the urn coffin burial in Xundi City was selected as "2016 China's Important Archaeological Discoveries".
Editor-in-chief of 1 monograph "The Imprint of the Ancient City - Ancient Civilization of the Qin and Han Dynasties in the Warring States Period", and published in various journals "The Archaeological Discussion of Hebei, Wei, Jin and Northern Dynasties", "Archaeological Discovery and Research of No. 2 Mausoleum of Zhao Wangling", and "Brief Report on the M2 Excavation of Dadezhuang Cemetery in Yuxian County, Hebei" Dozens of papers or excavation reports, such as "On the 'City' of Lingshou City in Zhongshan during the Warring States Period" and "Report on the Excavation of the Salt-making Workshop Site of Sui and Tang Dynasties in Dazuozhuang, Huanghua, Hebei".