Construction of diverse "national parks" accelerates
National park management integrates heritage protection concepts
China's new system of national nature reserves is divided into three levels: national parks, nature reserves, and natural parks.
Among them, the protection scale and role of "national parks" are the most important.
A few days ago, the State Forestry and Grassland Administration released the "Interim Measures for the Management of National Parks (Draft for Comment)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Measures") for public consultation.
This means an important step forward in the construction of China's diverse "national parks".
China's "national parks" are currently divided into two categories: cultural and natural ecology.
The "Measures" further clarified and fixed this development trend, and also enabled the national parks to manage the natural ecological environment to have a complete and authoritative definition - "The national parks referred to in these Measures are the protection of nationally representative nature parks. Ecosystem as the main purpose, to achieve the scientific protection and rational utilization of natural resources in specific land or sea areas.
In recent years, various types of "national parks" have developed rapidly, gradually forming scales and systems, with some common characteristics, reflecting the more active integration of the concept of world heritage and the Trends in the integration of cultural and natural heritage.
Article 1 of the “Measures” states that the purpose of the construction and management of national parks is to “maintain the authenticity and integrity of important natural ecosystems, maintain biodiversity and ecological security, promote the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and realize the sharing of inherited".
The "measures" define the most important part of the natural ecosystem, the most unique natural landscape, the most essential natural heritage, and the most abundant biodiversity in the national park, and it is also the core content of the outstanding universal value of the world natural heritage.
Article 13 of the “Measures” specifies that construction projects within the scope of national parks shall be in harmony with the natural landscape and cultural characteristics, and their site selection, scale, style, construction, etc. shall comply with the overall planning and management and control requirements of national parks. Take measures to reduce the adverse impact on core resources and ecological functions, and go through relevant procedures in accordance with laws and regulations.
According to the provisions of the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relics", the protection of historical and cultural heritage implements the sixteen-character policy of "protection first, rescue first, rational utilization, and strengthening management".
The "Interim Measures for the Management of National Parks (Draft for Comment)" also proposed: "The construction and management of national parks should adhere to the principles of national leadership, protection first, scientific management, rational utilization and multi-party participation." In this principle The "Measures" apply to "the planning and construction, protection and management, public service, supervision and inspection and related activities of national parks in the territory of the People's Republic of China and other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China".
Further reading
The development of China's national parks has gone through a long process of practice.
In 2013, the establishment of a national park system was proposed, and in 2015, a pilot program was launched.
In October 2021, at the 15th Conference of the Parties Leaders Summit of the Convention on Biological Diversity held in Kunming, Yunnan, China officially announced the establishment of the Sanjiangyuan, giant panda, Siberian tiger and leopard, Hainan tropical rainforest, Wuyishan and other first At present, the total area of the five national parks is about 230,000 square kilometers.
The content of national park management becomes more comprehensive and comprehensive
The "Interim Measures for the Management of National Parks (Draft for Comment)" stipulated that the national park management agency is responsible for the management of national park natural resources assets, ecological protection and restoration, franchise management, social participation management, scientific research and education, etc. It stipulates the fulfillment of administrative law enforcement duties; at the same time, it requires that the delineation of the scope of national parks should adhere to the principles of priority protection and feasible management, and reduce and resolve spatial conflicts from the source.
The "measures" show that the responsibilities undertaken by the national park management agency are more comprehensive and comprehensive.
Under the principle of giving priority to natural restoration and combining natural restoration and artificial restoration, national park management agencies can organize the restoration of damaged and degraded natural ecosystems in national parks, connect ecological corridors, and promote the restoration of important habitats and the management of abandoned land. , to improve the quality and stability of the ecosystem; it is also responsible for preventing and responding to the invasion of alien species inside and outside the national park, and strengthening the supervision of unauthorized introduction, release and disposal of alien species.
Article 25 of the "Measures" also requires that national park management agencies should strengthen the construction of national park scientific research capabilities, and organize the research, development and application of science and technology such as ecological protection and restoration, cultural inheritance, recreational experience, risk management and control, and ecological monitoring.
Cultural and natural ecological national parks should be clearly different from the "protected areas" that people were familiar with in the past, reflecting the unique close relationship between "parks" and the public.
Like the cultural and tourism integration features embodied in the Great Wall, the Grand Canal, the Long March National Cultural Park and the National Archaeological Site Park, the "Interim Measures for the Management of National Parks (Draft for Comment)" also emphasizes that national parks should be adhered to in accordance with the overall planning and special planning of national parks. It provides the whole society with high-quality ecological products and public services such as scientific research, education, culture, and recreational experience.
Article 33 of the "Measures" stipulates that the national park management agency shall scientifically and rationally set up areas and routes for recreational experience, provide necessary auxiliary facilities for recreational experience, explore the establishment of a reservation system, strictly control the intensity of development and utilization, and minimize the impact on the ecological environment. interference.
After the completion of the mechanism construction and the initial operation, the main energy of the national park construction will be turned to service, resource cooperation, environmental friendliness and other aspects to further improve the management quality.
Comprehensive and comprehensive management requirements also bring a heavy workload.
Various national parks will have a new momentum of absorbing a large number of talents from all walks of life.
At the end of March, the Ministry of Natural Resources issued the "Notice on Strengthening the Legal Construction of Natural Resources".
This is the first important document formulated by the Ministry to comprehensively promote the rule of law in natural resources since its establishment. " and many other important laws.
Although the "measures" are only "temporary", they are rich in information and contain years of practical results. They are consistent with the relevant laws on forests, grasslands, and wetlands, and the requirements for the red line of ecological protection in national space, permanent basic farmland, and urban development boundary control lines. Continuation is in the position of linking the past and the future and leading the way in the green institutional system.
"Administrative Measures for National Archaeological Site Parks" revised and implemented
Since April, the revised "Administrative Measures for National Archaeological Site Parks" has been officially promulgated and implemented by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage.
This is a further application summary and improvement of the "Administrative Measures for National Archaeological Site Parks (Trial)" issued in 2009.
The cultural relics and historical sites "big ruins" are the core cultural relic resources that demonstrate the history of China's millions of years of human history, 10,000 years of cultural history, and more than 5,000 years of civilization history.
The National Archaeological Site Park promotes the protection of large sites and is generally recognized by the society.
In 2010, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage assessed the first batch of 12 national archaeological site parks and 23 national archaeological site park project units.
Up to now, the National Archaeological Site Park has increased to 36.
Consistent with the "measures" presented by the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, the concept and goal of the "National Archaeological Site Park" proposed by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage in 2009 also aimed to solve the overall and comprehensive problems in protection and utilization.
The revised "Administrative Measures for National Archaeological Site Parks" further added and straightened out the feasibility demonstration, reporting, monitoring and evaluation, and inspection procedures for the establishment of archaeological site parks.
The construction of the National Archaeological Site Park is one of the key tasks of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period.
In 2022, the cultural relics department will evaluate and announce a new batch of national archaeological site parks and national archaeological site park project units, providing more diverse, more culturally attractive and historically rich public spaces.
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"Strengthen the central leadership and the interaction between the central and local governments, support the incorporation of large sites into national cultural parks and national parks, and explore the cooperation between the central and local governments to build large sites protection and utilization areas and cultural relics protection and utilization demonstration areas."
"Focusing on the protection and utilization of the Great Wall, implement the construction and protection plan for the Great Wall and the Grand Canal National Cultural Park, integrate the cultural relics and cultural resources of 15 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities along the Great Wall and 8 provinces and cities along the Grand Canal, and focus on the implementation of the Hebei, Qinghai and Qinghai sections of the Great Wall. The cultural relics protection, environmental improvement, and display service facilities construction projects of the Jiangsu section of the Grand Canal will focus on creating important symbols of Chinese culture. Implement the Yellow River cultural heritage system protection project, build the Yellow River cultural heritage corridor, and focus on promoting the Yellow River Qinghai, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, and Henan. , The protection and utilization of the great site in the Shandong section. In-depth study of the cultural value connotation and heritage composition of the Yangtze River, and the implementation of the project for the protection and utilization of the great site in the Yangtze River Basin, fully demonstrating the important position of the Yangtze River Basin in the evolution of Chinese civilization."
——The 14th Five-Year Special Plan for the Protection and Utilization of Great Sites by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage
National Cultural Park covering cultural and ecological resources
In December 2019, the "Plan for the Construction of the Great Wall, the Grand Canal and the Long March National Cultural Park" was issued. Innovate methods and improve the construction mechanism of national cultural parks.
In August 2021, the National Cultural Park Construction Leading Group issued the "Great Wall National Cultural Park Construction and Protection Plan", "Grand Canal National Cultural Park Construction and Protection Plan" and "Long March National Cultural Park Construction and Protection Plan".
It is worth noting that the National Cultural Park focuses on planning supporting projects related to social development and ecological environment.
In the construction of the Long March National Cultural Park, through the construction of the Long March Green Ecological Corridor, emphasis is placed on strengthening the protection of natural spaces and ecological restoration along the line; promoting the construction of planned railways, highways, airports, ports, etc. along the Long March, forming a comprehensive three-dimensional traffic fast-forward network , improve the accessibility of the main exhibition nodes, and promote the planning and operation of the Long March Railway and the Long March Highway Passenger Dedicated Line along the line.
At present, the Great Wall and the Grand Canal National Cultural Park integrate the cultural relics and cultural resources of 15 and 8 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities along the route respectively, and the Long March National Cultural Park integrates the cultural relics and cultural resources of 15 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities along the route.
According to the plan, by the end of 2023, the three national cultural parks will be basically completed.
With the follow-up completion of the construction and protection planning of the Yellow River National Cultural Park, a national cultural park construction planning system with accurate positioning, distinctive features, prominent functions, and connectivity is expected to take shape initially.