"Domestic agricultural machinery is not easy to use. Eighty percent of the agricultural machinery in my farm relies on imports."

The confusion of an agricultural complex in Shandong reflects the dilemma that domestic agricultural machinery is too big but not strong, too many but not refined

  Our reporters Yang Shouyong and Zhang Zhilong

  Spring ploughing and preparation is when all kinds of agricultural machinery show their talents, but Sun Dedong sighed: "We can build quantum computers and spacecraft, why are domestic agricultural machinery 'not easy to use' and 'always broken'?"

  The Qingfu Agricultural Complex in Changyi City, Weifang City, Shandong Province operated by Sun Dedong has more than 400 sets (sets) of agricultural machinery.

He said frankly that 80% of the complex's equipment relies on imports, resulting in half of the operating profits being handed over to others.

  Xinhua Daily Telegraph reporter found that my country's modern agricultural machinery is big but not strong, too many but not precise, with high output and low profit.

With the acceleration of the moderate-scale operation of land and the general trend of "replacement of agricultural machinery for people", the quality of domestic agricultural machinery may become a "stuck neck" problem for agricultural modernization.

150 million yuan of equipment, only 20 million made in China

  In mid-spring, in the wheat fields of Qingfu Agricultural Complex, several self-propelled sprayers were lined up, and the white water mist was evenly sprayed on the green wheat fields.

There are many large and small tractors shuttle back and forth in the adjacent farmland.

Not far away, several large agricultural machines drove past, and the yellow soil was turned over.

  "There are more than 400 sets (sets) of agricultural machinery in my farm, with a total cost of more than 150 million yuan. More than 80% of them are imported. The value of domestic agricultural machinery is only 20 million yuan. It makes me sad to think about it." Sun Dedong said that over the years He invested 400 million yuan in the improvement of large-scale saline-alkali land, and implemented large-scale and standardized planting, mainly planting wheat, corn, alfalfa, cotton, and peanuts.

  Sun Dedong gave the reporter a detailed list of agricultural machinery, including agricultural machinery brands, product models, prices, and countries of production.

  He said that agricultural machinery is mainly imported. For example, there are 10 Case harvesters in the United States, each with a value of 1.3 million yuan, with a total value of 13 million yuan; a total of 15 alfalfa harvesters (sets) with a total value of 10.233 million yuan, and its domestic elements are only 3 small horsepower Lovol tractors, worth only 369,000 yuan, of which 10 sets are equipped with Italian Maschio lawn mowers and American 1804 Case tractors, with a total value of 8.58 million yuan...

  Sun Dedong has learned about major grain farmers and agricultural machinery cooperatives in Qihe County, Gaomi City and other places in the province, and found that high-end agricultural machinery is basically monopolized by foreign countries.

The person in charge of an agricultural service company in Qihe County told him that the company has 496 sets (sets) of agricultural machinery. Except for the lower-priced plant protection machines, a large number of high-end agricultural machinery are foreign brands such as Case and Maschio.

  Imported agricultural machinery is more efficient.

Sun Dedong said that taking wheat harvesters as an example, the current domestic Lovol Valley God series is also good, but can harvest up to 100 acres of land in 16 hours; the American Case harvester can harvest more than 400 acres in 16 hours.

In addition, the domestic machine "drops particles" seriously, and the separation of debris is not clean.

  There is also a gap between domestic and foreign agricultural machinery in terms of comfort and intelligence.

After getting into the cab of an imported lawn mower with reporters, Sun Dedong said that this machine can harvest 300 acres of alfalfa in 12 hours. The key is that it has a high degree of intelligence and is "more comfortable than driving a car."

There are hidden dangers in agricultural data security

  Why buy imported agricultural machinery?

The answer given by Sun Dedong is "generally not bad".

"The seasonality of agricultural machinery operations is very strong, and it may not be used for a year, but it is concentrated in the first half of the month. Domestic agricultural machinery is 'easy to break' and will miss the agricultural season." He said that the stability and reliability of agricultural machinery is the key to farmers. most important.

  Because of the large investment in agricultural machinery and equipment, Sun Dedong said frankly that most of the profits from farming are given to foreign agricultural machinery companies.

"Currently, the annual profit of the farm is more than 40 million yuan, and the 130 million yuan from the purchase of foreign agricultural machinery can only be topped by three years of pure profit. In addition, the infrastructure construction did not make money in the first two years. It can be said that after working for five or six years, earning The profits are basically given to foreign agricultural machinery enterprises.”

  "Reliance on imported agricultural machinery also faces the risk of agricultural data leakage." Sun Dedong pointed to a smart display screen of imported agricultural machinery and said that as long as the agricultural machinery is operating, the soil quality, planting conditions, yield data, etc. are all uploaded to the background of the equipment. It is easy to be controlled by foreign countries. "The level of agricultural machinery cannot be improved, and the development of high-end agricultural machinery innovation is slow, and agricultural modernization is likely to be controlled by others."

  Li Yukui, an expert from the Shandong Institute of Industry and Information Technology, said that although the domestic industrial supporting system is relatively sound, the supporting capacity of key components is backward, and some high-end components rely on imports.

The domestic production rate of the core components of the intelligent agricultural machinery controller accounts for less than 10%, and the executive control system - the high-pressure proportional valve basically relies on imports.

  The reporter learned that my country's large-scale intelligent agricultural machinery equipment is still facing the dilemma of lack of core technology.

Comparing with internationally renowned agricultural machinery enterprises, my country still has a big gap in the research and development of intelligent agricultural machinery equipment. Leading products such as high-horsepower intelligent CVT tractors, large-feeding intelligent grain harvesting machinery, intelligent cotton harvesters and core components are in the field of intelligent technology. There is no system in place; variable seeding/fertilization/spraying, crop health management technology and components based on information perception, decision control, online detection and other technologies rely on imports; the core control components and data algorithms of smart agriculture are significantly different from those of foreign countries.

  In addition to the lack of core technology and the dependence of some core components on imports, the innovation capability of domestic agricultural machinery is insufficient.

Tian Dayong, assistant general manager and strategic director of Weichai Lovol Heavy Industry Co., Ltd., said that the basic materials in the domestic agricultural machinery industry are uneven, large enterprises in subdivided industries do not invest, and small enterprises do not do well, which makes it difficult to guarantee the quality and stability of end products.

For example, the average trouble-free working time of domestic rice combine harvesters is about 50 hours, while foreign products can achieve more than 200 hours; the average time between failures of tractors is only 30%-50% of foreign products.

  In addition, the company's R&D investment is insufficient.

According to experts, from the market point of view, the protection of intellectual property rights is insufficient, the channels for the transformation of scientific research achievements are not smooth, and the enthusiasm of enterprises to innovate is weak.

Enterprises follow up and imitate foreign products, many of which are even oriented by state subsidies, rough imitation, and basically no R&D investment.

The profit rate of the whole industry has been maintained at around 5%-6% all year round. The national agricultural machinery industry R&D investment and sales revenue accounted for less than 1% all year round, while the agricultural machinery developed countries such as Europe and the United States reached 4%.

  Industry data show that there are more than 8,000 agricultural machinery production enterprises in my country, and more than 1,700 enterprises above designated size.

The number of agricultural machinery products has reached more than 4,000 kinds, and the annual output of main products is 5 million sets. The market size accounts for more than 45% of the world, and the international trade accounts for about 20% of the world.

However, many experts told reporters that my country's modern agricultural machinery is large but not strong, too many but not refined, with high output and low profits, and it is only at a medium level in the world.

Moreover, affected by the international environment, in recent years, the national agricultural machinery market demand has been insufficient, the industrial growth has continued to be weak, the growth of enterprises has been slow, and the pressure of enterprise survival has increased.

Domestic agricultural machinery cannot be "always bad"

  "We can build high-speed rails and large planes, so why do domestic agricultural machinery 'always go bad'?" Sun Dedong said, "You can't always grow your own fields and give money to others."

  Li Yukui said that although my country has made great progress in the research and development of high-efficiency and intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment, compared with foreign high-end agricultural machinery, there is still a big gap, and the development of domestic agricultural machinery is difficult.

With the acceleration of the moderate-scale operation of land and the accelerated promotion of "agricultural machinery for people", the quality of domestic agricultural machinery may become a "stuck neck" problem for agricultural modernization.

  Experts suggest to sort out a number of key technologies and equipment that restrict the development of intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment, continue to invest, and encourage agricultural machinery enterprises, scientific research institutes, and universities to carry out joint research.

It is recommended that the state give a certain proportion of support to intelligent agricultural machinery projects in the process of project establishment such as the Natural Science Fund; it is recommended to improve the subsidy standards for key intelligent agricultural machinery, and vigorously promote the application of intelligent terminals and intelligent operation modes.

The taxation of intelligent agricultural machinery components is classified into the category of agricultural machinery.

  Li Yukui and others said that the research and development strength of universities, scientific research institutes and agricultural machinery enterprises should be mobilized, and cross-field and multi-disciplinary cooperation should be carried out to comprehensively promote the in-depth integration of digital and intelligent information technologies and agricultural machinery equipment research and development.

Keeping up with market demand, build R&D platforms such as a joint agricultural machinery equipment R&D base and a collaborative innovation laboratory.

  In addition, strengthen the construction of information platform.

Accelerate the application of modern information technologies such as mobile Internet and satellite positioning in agricultural machinery equipment, agricultural machinery operation and management, build an "Internet + agricultural machinery operation" information platform, and realize cross-regional operation data sharing of agricultural machinery.