“Between June and September 2021, at least 440 civilians were killed, 18 injured and 74 abducted during clashes between warring groups” in South Sudan, according to a UN report published on Tuesday.
The report specifically names Vice President Riek Machar's movement (the SPLM/A-IO) and the South Sudanese Defense Forces (SSPDF) loyal to President Kiir "as well as their respective militias as responsible for the violations and abuses" committed during these politico-ethnic clashes.
The investigation by the UN mission in South Sudan (Unmiss) and the UN Human Rights Office reports at least 64 civilian victims of sexual violence, "including a 13-year-old girl who was victim of a gang rape to death”.
“At least 56 civilians, including four women” are still missing.
The report mentions “the looting and destruction of property, the conscription of children, (…) hate speech and incitement to violence among other human rights violations uncovered by the investigation”.
The origins of the conflict
South Sudan descended into a bloody civil war between 2013 and 2018 between sworn enemies Riek Machar and Salva Kiir.
A peace accord signed in 2018 provided for the principle of power-sharing within a government of national unity inaugurated in February 2020, with Kiir as president and Machar as vice-president.
But the provisions of the peace agreement remain largely unimplemented, in particular because of the persistent quarrels between the two rivals at the top of the state.
The failure to establish a unified army command fuels a climate of violence and impunity.
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