In the early spring, the vast cultivated land in the southern Xinjiang region is about to recover, but many greenhouses are already full of spring.
The fresh vegetables produced in these vegetable greenhouses not only meet the local needs, but also cross the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains and are brought to the dining table of thousands of households in Xinjiang.
Southern Xinjiang is dry and rainy, and the soil is seriously salinized. In the past, due to lack of planting techniques, local farmers ate less vegetables in winter and planted less.
Today, this place has long since bid farewell to the situation of relying heavily on foreign sales for fresh vegetables, and has become a "big vegetable garden" that supplies the whole of Xinjiang.
Why did the southern border, where the natural conditions are not superior, achieve such a breakthrough?
The reporter conducted research on this.
"Small arch shed" activates courtyard economic cells
Turning the ground, pulling the line, raising the ridge, mulching... The weather is getting warmer, and Yoregu Sawuer, a villager in Xianbaibaza Village, Gazkule Township, Megaiti County, Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang is busy in the arched shed in the yard.
"In December last year, the shed was covered with film and watered and fertilized 20 days earlier than in previous years, so that tomato seedlings could be transplanted 20 days earlier and marketed earlier." Yoregu Saur said Harvest, you can plant two crops.
Two years ago, Yoregu Sawuer built an arched shed in his home yard. The 20-square-meter arched shed was used to grow tomatoes and peppers. The vegetables produced throughout the year not only satisfy his own needs, but also sell them for money.
"Don't underestimate this land, it can increase income by nearly 800 yuan a year." Yoregu Sawuer said.
Pointing to a picture of the layout of a greenhouse, Abliken Riheman, a cadre of the Rural Economic Development Center of Gazikule Township, introduced to the reporter: "In today's Gazikule Township, every villager has an arched shed, and 3,212 courtyards are supported by small arches. Start the villagers' way to wealth."
One after another, the small arch sheds make the local courtyard economy come alive, and allow the villagers to be tied to the industrial development without leaving their homes.
In the Hotan area of Xinjiang, the utilization rate of farmers' courtyards was less than 30%.
How to make use of the villagers' courtyards to increase income and become rich?
Since 2017, local innovative ideas have used the "slap land" inside and outside the courtyard, in front of and behind the house to develop the courtyard economy.
In 2021, 97,900 mu of vegetables will be planted in courtyards in Hotan area.
Compared with facility greenhouses, courtyard arched sheds have less investment and flexible production. While ensuring the supply of "vegetable baskets" for the masses, it opens up new ways for farmers to increase their income.
In Baicheng County, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang, facility agriculture has developed rapidly in recent years. Currently, Baicheng County has 1,370 vegetable greenhouses and 15,000 courtyard arched sheds.
After the beginning of spring, vegetable seedlings will be carried out in various townships in a planned way, which will effectively promote agricultural efficiency and farmers' income.
In 2020, Xinjiang launched the three-year action plan for the development of the facility vegetable industry in southern Xinjiang, striving to build a modern facility vegetable industry system, production system, and management system.
Over the past two years, the southern Xinjiang region has accelerated the construction of the vegetable industry system by relying on abundant solar and thermal resources, and initially formed the production of "annual production and balanced supply", which is mainly based on standard solar greenhouse production in late winter and supplemented by large and small double-membrane arch shed production in spring and autumn. model.
Data shows that at present, the planting area of facility vegetables in southern Xinjiang has increased from 40% to nearly 80% in the past, making it the most important facility vegetable production base in Xinjiang.
Technical guidance to solve the "difficult and miscellaneous diseases" of planting
Early in the morning of February 7, Ruziguli Maitituersun, a cadre of the Agricultural Technology Extension Station in Minfeng County, Hotan, came to the vegetables of Maitikesmu Maitituersun, a villager in Guangming Village, Niya Township. In the greenhouse, hand in hand for technical guidance.
In the greenhouse, rows of tomato vines more than one meter high are full of fruits, and strings of green and red fruits are plump and round, and the growth is attractive.
"This small branch will affect the main trunk's absorption of nutrients, so we need to pinch it off." Ruziguli Maititursun squatted down and pointed to a branch to Maitikesmu Maitituursun. Say.
Maitikesmu Maitituursun pinched off the fork, and after a while, there was already a small handful of fork in his hand.
"In the past, the varieties of vegetables were not good, the yield was low, and there were often insect pests. Now the technology is good, and insect traps are also used to remove insects, and the vegetables grown are greener." He has been growing vegetables for 6 years. Last year, he grew tomatoes, cucumbers, cowpeas and other vegetables in greenhouses, and his income was more than 40,000 yuan.
The convenient technical services have solved the "difficult and miscellaneous diseases" of farmers in the fields in time, and promoted the vegetable industry in southern Xinjiang to enter the track of efficient development.
In order to strengthen technical guidance, Kashgar has established 11 "three rural" guidance service groups and 7 agricultural production technical service guidance groups to provide point-to-point technical services around the normalization of intensive vegetable seedling raising, transplanting and planting, water and fertilizer management, and pest control. .
At the same time, 152 vegetable technicians were hired from Shandong and other domestic provinces (autonomous regions) and cities, and 2,135 planting experts were selected from poverty-stricken households and other families as village-level vegetable technical instructors to ensure full coverage of vegetable production technical services.
In August 2021, the peppers in several greenhouses in 11 villages of Tazihong Township, Shule County, Kashgar had bad leaves and a bitter taste. The village agricultural technician Yueri Guli was helpless and urgently asked Han Qiuliang, a "local expert" from Shandong to aid Xinjiang. help.
At a high temperature of nearly 40 degrees Celsius, Han Qiuliang checked and analyzed on the spot and determined that this was caused by the weak calcium absorption capacity of crops, and gave a solution of "plant growth regulator + calcium supplementation".
The villagers treated the peppers according to this method, and the disease was significantly improved within a few days.
Today, in the fields of 15 townships in Shule County, the number of agricultural "soil experts" like Han Qiuliang has increased to 21.
In order to increase technical support, Shandong Aid to Xinjiang has also explored the establishment of an industrial aid model of "group agricultural technology aid to Xinjiang + production base + cooperatives + large planting households + farmers + village-level industrial instructors" and the "residence in towns and villages, entering the fields and entering the fields". households, field inspections, on-site training, radiation-driven, precise service" agricultural technology service methods.
"Leaders" lead the industry to take off
Around the Spring Festival, the cherry tomatoes market was bullish, and the order phone at Liu Yanshi, deputy general manager of Xinjiang Donglu Water Control Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., kept ringing.
"The quality is excellent, the order volume is large, and the product supply is in short supply." Liu Yanshi introduced and took reporters to the smart Dutch greenhouse located in the modern vegetable industrial park in Kashgar (Shandong Shuifa), Xinjiang.
I saw that in the Dutch greenhouse covering an area of 70,000 square meters, the integrated water and fertilizer equipment and large-scale fans roared, and the 4-meter-high steel frame was covered with cherry tomatoes plants. Exudes an alluring luster.
In this park, which covers an area of 4,711 mu, a 6,480-square-meter seedling center and 1,000 solar greenhouses have been put into use, creating employment for many surrounding villagers.
"Working here, with stable income, close to home, and taking care of children." When it comes to growing vegetables, Patiguli Maimaiti, a villager in Yukaxzhilema Village, Baheqi Township, Shule County, looks happy .
Driven by the leading enterprises in Shandong to aid Xinjiang, the vegetable industry in Shule County has built a development model of "leading enterprises + cooperatives + farmers + bases". The vegetable planting area exceeds 250,000 mu, forming a facility vegetable industry agglomeration area, driving more than 56,000 local residents. people are employed.
On the one hand, the scale effect is formed, and on the other hand, the industrial chain is extended. In recent years, the southern Xinjiang region has formed a complete vegetable industrial chain from seedling selection, cultivation and management, to storage and export.
"Now is the golden period for vegetable seedlings. This batch of seedlings will be available in the market in mid-March, and there will be a lot of income at that time." Aizezi from Serimmark Village, Toyibaoledi Town, Shaya County, Aksu Prefecture Azi said that since operating the greenhouse seedlings last year, his income has increased by more than 30,000 yuan. This year, he will cultivate more vegetable seedlings to make life more prosperous.
The prosperity of the facility vegetable industry has brought more jobs for farmers in southern Xinjiang, making their "money bags" more and more sturdy, and giving rural revitalization more sufficient "confidence".
(Reporter Li Hui of this newspaper)