China News Service, February 14th. Recently, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Finance, and the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "Several Opinions on Further Promoting the Construction of World-Class Universities and First-Class Disciplines", which clearly states that it is necessary to accurately grasp the strategic positioning of the new development stage and make every effort to promote " "Double first-class" high-quality construction.
The following is the full text of the comments:
Building world-class universities and first-class disciplines (hereinafter referred to as "double first-class" construction) is a major strategic plan made by the Party Central Committee and the State Council.
Since the implementation of the "Double First-Class" construction, various tasks have been vigorously advanced, and the reform and development have achieved remarkable results, promoting the construction of a powerful higher education country to a new historical starting point.
In order to focus on solving the problems such as insufficient supply capacity of high-level innovative talents, inaccurate service of national strategic needs, and urgent optimization of resource allocation in the construction of "Double First-Class", after deliberation and approval at the meeting of the Central Deep Reform Commission, the "14th Five-Year Plan" is hereby announced. The following opinions are put forward to further promote the construction of "double first-class" during the period.
1. Accurately grasp the strategic positioning of the new development stage, and make every effort to promote the "double first-class" high-quality construction
1. Guiding ideology
Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the 19th Plenary Sessions, and thoroughly implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's important exposition on education and the National Education Conference, the Central Talent Work Conference, and the National Postgraduate Education Conference. Spirit, based on the overall strategy of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the great changes in the world unseen in a century, based on the new stage of development, implementing new development concepts, serving to build a new development pattern, fully implementing the party's educational policy, and implementing the fundamental task of morality and cultivating people. In 2030, more universities and disciplines will enter the world's first-class ranks and the goal of building a strong country in education and talent in 2035 will be more prominent, and the "double first-class" construction will be more focused on cultivating first-class talents, serving the country's strategic needs, striving for world-class orientation, and deepening the system. Mechanism reform, coordinated promotion and classification of the construction of first-class universities and first-class disciplines, accelerated the cultivation of strategic scientific and technological talents, first-class scientific and technological leaders and innovative teams in key core areas, and provided strong support for building a powerful modern socialist country in an all-round way.
2. Basic principles
——Stand firmly in the right direction, practice the people-centered development idea, hold the "big man of the country" in mind, adhere to the direction of running a socialist school, adhere to the development path of socialist education with Chinese characteristics, and strengthen the party's overall leadership in the construction of "double first-class", Implement the "Four For" policy, better combine the development of science and technology as the primary productive force, the cultivation of talents as the primary resource, and the enhancement of innovation as the primary driving force, so as to better serve the reform and opening up and the socialist modernization drive.
——Adhere to the cultivation of morality, highlight the status of the center of talent training, keep in mind the original mission of educating people for the party and the country, focus on comprehensively improving training capabilities, pay more attention to the innovation of the three-round education model, continuously improve the quality of training, and focus on training A newcomer in the era who is worthy of the great responsibility of national rejuvenation, creating a first-class talent phalanx.
——Adhere to the first-class characteristics, take root in the land of China, deepen the connotative development, highlight the advantages and characteristics, and actively explore the road of building a socialist university with Chinese characteristics.
Aim at the world-class, cultivate first-class talents, produce first-class results, guide the construction of colleges and universities to strive for first-class in different fields and directions, build a first-class university system, and provide solid talent support and intellectual support for the country's economic and social development.
——Serve the urgent needs of the country, strengthen the status and role of colleges and universities in the national innovation system, think what the country wants, meet the needs of the country, meet the needs of the country, face the frontier of science and technology in the world, face the main economic battlefield, and face the major national issues To meet the needs of people's life and health, take the lead to play the main role of "double first-class" construction of colleges and universities to cultivate urgently needed high-level talents and basic research talents, as well as optimize the layout of disciplines and majors and support the basic role of the source of innovation.
——Maintain strategic determination, fully understand the long-term, arduous and complex nature of construction, follow the inherent laws of talent training, discipline development, and scientific research innovation, and grasp the requirements of high-quality connotative development, not only rankings, not only quantitative indicators, not only Quick success and quick success, highlight key points, focus on difficulties, maintain integrity and innovation, and make contributions for a long time.
2. Strengthen Lide and cultivate people, and create a first-class self-reliance and self-improvement talent phalanx
3. Insist on using Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to cast the soul and educate people.
Strengthen the party's innovative theoretical arming, highlight ideological guidance and political orientation, deepen the implementation of Xi Jinping's new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics into teaching materials, classrooms, and minds, and continuously enhance the political, ideological, and emotional identity of teachers and students.
Improve the system and mechanism of all-round education for all staff and the whole process, continuously strengthen the construction of ideological and political courses and the ideological and political collaborative education mechanism, focus on cultivating a university culture with Chinese characteristics with the spirit of the times, and guide the majority of young students to love the country and the people, temper their morals, and be creative. , Practical learning and practical work, and strive to cultivate newcomers of the era who are worthy of the great responsibility of national rejuvenation.
4. Firmly establish the status of talent training center.
Adhere to taking the effectiveness of morality and cultivating people as the fundamental standard for testing all the work of the school, and build an education system that comprehensively cultivates morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor.
Focusing on promoting the comprehensive development of students' physical and mental health, and taking "interest + ability + mission" as the training path, comprehensively promote the construction of ideological and political work system, subject system, teaching system, teaching material system, and management system, and take the lead in building high-quality undergraduate education and excellence postgraduate education system.
Improve the long-term mechanism for the construction of teachers' morality and professionalism, strengthen academic standard education, and promote and drive the construction of a good style of study with the construction of teaching style.
Strengthen the collaborative education of universities, scientific research institutes and industry enterprises, support and encourage joint postgraduate training, deepen the integration of production and education, build a national talent training base for integration of production and education, demonstrate the construction of an education model, and comprehensively improve innovative, applied, and complex Ability to cultivate outstanding talents.
5. Improve the mechanism for strengthening teachers' responsibilities in teaching and educating people.
Intensify efforts to promote the reform of education and teaching, actively explore the methods of education and teaching in the new era, and continuously improve the ability to teach and educate people.
Build a teacher development system that comprehensively improves education and teaching ability, guide teachers to be good guides for students to grow into talents, and cultivate a group of famous teaching teachers and teaching leaders with advanced educational concepts and love of teaching.
Continuously improve the teaching evaluation system, examine teachers' actual performance in ideological and political construction, teaching investment and other aspects from multiple dimensions, and promote the continuous improvement of teaching quality.
Improve the system and mechanism, support and ensure that teachers devote themselves to educating people, become big teachers, and study real problems, and become a model for students to learn, do things, and behave as people.
6. Accelerate the cultivation of urgently needed high-level talents.
Vigorously cultivate and introduce a large number of international-level strategic scientists, first-class scientific and technological leaders, young scientific and technological talents and innovative teams.
Implement the "National Urgently Needs High-level Talent Training Special Project", and intensify efforts to cultivate engineering, agricultural, and medical talents.
Continue to implement the strong foundation plan, in-depth implementation of the basic discipline top student training plan 2.0, promote the basic discipline undergraduate, master and doctoral training, strengthen the basic discipline talent training ability, and reserve talents for the original innovation to achieve "0 to 1" breakthroughs.
Make full use of the excellent traditional Chinese culture and the positive achievements of philosophy and social sciences at home and abroad, and strengthen the cultivation of high-level talents in Marxist theory and top-notch talents in philosophy and social sciences.
Strengthen the training of interdisciplinary talents in key fields such as integrated circuits, artificial intelligence, energy storage technology, and digital economy.
Strengthen the integration of science and education, improve the coupling mechanism of talent cultivation and introduction with teams, platforms, and projects, and turn scientific research advantages into education advantages.
3. Serving the new development pattern and optimizing the layout of disciplines and majors
7. Take the lead in promoting the adjustment of disciplines and majors.
Improve the guidance mechanism for nationally urgently needed disciplines and majors, publish a list of disciplines and majors in key areas on an annual basis, and encourage the construction of colleges and universities to focus on the development of nationally urgently needed disciplines, as well as strategic disciplines that are related to the national economy and people's livelihood and affect long-term development.
Support the construction of colleges and universities aiming at the world's scientific frontiers and key technical fields to optimize the discipline layout, integrate traditional discipline resources, and strengthen the discipline foundation for talent training and scientific and technological innovation.
Adjust and upgrade the existing discipline system, break the barriers of disciplines and majors, promote the construction of new engineering, new medical, new agricultural, and new liberal arts, and actively respond to the society's demand for high-level talents.
Deploy interdisciplinary majors and cultivate disciplinary growth points.
8. Consolidate the construction of basic disciplines.
Implement the "Deepening Construction Action of Basic Disciplines", stably support a group of basic disciplines that are based on the frontier and explore freely, and focus on laying out a group of basic discipline research centers.
Strengthen basic theoretical research such as mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology, support a number of "unexpected" and unpopular disciplines, and improve the ecology of discipline development.
According to the characteristics of basic disciplines and the law of innovative development, implement long-term evaluation of construction disciplines, and create a relaxed and inclusive environment for basic and forward-looking research.
Build a number of basic discipline training bases, focus on the cultivation of critical thinking and innovation ability, strengthen academic training and scientific research practice, strengthen the transformation of scientific research advantages of large teams, large platforms, and large projects into educational resources and advantages for high-level scientific research Innovatively cultivate high-level compound talents.
9. Strengthen the construction of applied disciplines.
Strengthen the linkage between applied disciplines and industry and regional development, and promote the construction of colleges and universities to update discipline knowledge and enrich the connotation of disciplines.
Focus on the construction of advanced manufacturing, energy transportation, modern agriculture, public health and medicine, new generation information technology, modern service industry and other applied disciplines with strong social needs, broad employment prospects, and large talent gaps.
10. Promote the construction of a system of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics.
Adhere to the guiding position of Marxism, put forward new viewpoints, build new theories, and accelerate the construction of a philosophy and social science discipline system, academic system, and discourse system with Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese style.
Consolidate the basic position of the first-level discipline of Marxist theory, and strengthen the scientific research and interpretation of Xi Jinping's thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.
Focusing on major philosophical issues facing the frontiers of basic science and the impact of scientific and technological development on human society, strengthen scientific philosophy research, further expand the ideological space for scientific innovation, and promote the construction of scientific culture.
In-depth implementation of the Philosophy and Social Sciences Prosperity Plan in Colleges and Universities, accelerate the improvement of disciplines that support philosophy and social sciences, promote the joint development of Marxist theory and Marxist philosophy, political economy, scientific socialism, the history of the Communist Party of China and party building, and improve education The Ministry of Philosophy and Social Sciences Laboratory, the key research base of humanities and social sciences in colleges and universities, and strengthening the education function of new college think tanks with Chinese characteristics.
11. Promote interdisciplinary integration.
Focusing on the problem, establish a guiding mechanism for interdisciplinary development and build a national platform for interdisciplinary.
Relying on high-level interdisciplinary teams, supported by national science and technology innovation bases and major scientific and technological infrastructure, strengthen resource supply and policy support, and build the first phalanx of interdisciplinary development.
Innovate the cross-integration mechanism, break down the barriers of disciplines and majors, promote the cross-integration of natural sciences, natural sciences and humanities and social sciences, and cultivate emerging interdisciplinary disciplines around artificial intelligence, national security, national governance and other fields.
Improve the management and evaluation mechanism, prevent simple patchwork, and form a standardized, orderly and more dynamic discipline development environment.
4. Adhere to both introduction and education and build a high-level teaching team
12. Build a high-level talent team.
Guide all teachers to strictly demand themselves according to the "four have" good teacher standards with ideals and beliefs, moral sentiments, solid knowledge, and benevolent hearts, strengthen ideals and beliefs, practice the original mission of teaching and educating people, and improve teachers' ideological, political and educational human level.
Coordinate domestic and foreign talent resources, create a high-end platform, resource allocation and environmental atmosphere with international competitiveness and attractiveness, gather world-renowned academic masters and leading talents who serve the needs of the country, and provide powerful tools for accelerating the construction of an important talent center and innovation highland in the world support.
Give play to the important role of universities in scientific and technological cooperation, strengthen system construction, standardize the introduction of talents, and guide the orderly flow of domestic talents.
13. Improve the innovation team building mechanism.
Optimize the team selection mechanism, improve the contribution-based scientific research team evaluation mechanism, and vigorously promote the innovation of scientific research organization models.
Optimize the exchange and sharing mechanism of high-end talent resources of colleges and universities, scientific research institutes, and industry enterprises in education and teaching, and promote high-level scientific research to feed back teaching.
Strengthen the construction of innovation team culture, explore the establishment of an innovation fault tolerance mechanism, and create an environment that encourages innovation and tolerates failure.
14. Strengthen the cultivation of young talents.
Encourage the construction of colleges and universities to expand the number of postdoctoral recruitment and training, and use postdoctoral fellows as an important source of teachers.
Increase the strength of long-term stable support, and provide conditions and institutional guarantees for young talents to go deep into the "no man's land" and concentrate on farming.
Caring for and caring for young talents, strengthening the training of young backbone forces, eliminating concepts and practices such as judging seniority and seeking perfection, and supporting young talents to take the lead and be the protagonists.
Improve the system and mechanism for young talents to stand out and emerge in large numbers, and tap and cultivate a group of young talents with academic potential and innovative vitality.
V. Improve the university innovation system and deepen the integration of science and education
15. Support high-level scientific and technological self-reliance.
Focusing on building a national strategic scientific and technological force, serving the construction of the national innovation system, and improving the university innovation system based on a healthy academic ecology, guaranteed by effective academic governance, and aimed at independently cultivating first-class talents and producing first-class academic achievements based on the country.
Do solid and solid basic research, and further promote the "Mount Everest Plan for Basic Research in Higher Education Institutions", focusing on supporting basic, forward-looking, non-consensus, high-risk, and disruptive scientific research work.
Strengthen the research on core technologies in key areas, accelerate the promotion of special action plans such as artificial intelligence and blockchain, and strive to overcome new-generation information technology, modern transportation, advanced manufacturing, new energy, aerospace, deep space, deep sea, life and health, and biological breeding. Wait for the "stuck neck" technique.
Build high-level scientific research facilities, promote the substantial construction of major innovation bases, promote the optimization of the organizational model and structure of scientific research within universities, gather high-level talent teams, strengthen organized innovation, and seize the strategic commanding heights of scientific and technological innovation.
Encourage high-quality cooperation across schools, institutions and disciplines, give full play to the overall advantages of colleges and universities, and focus on developing high-level innovative talents and joint scientific research.
Strengthen the coordination and docking with the national laboratories and major scientific research platforms under the construction and management of the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, etc., to integrate resources and form synergies.
16. Implement the "First-class Discipline Training Excellence Action".
Aiming at the national high-precision and cutting-edge areas, aiming at strategic emerging industries, inheriting and promoting Chinese excellent traditional culture, and new directions in the new field of state governance mechanism, promote the integration and education of universities, industries, platforms, etc., strive to make breakthroughs in internationally comparable disciplines and directions, achieve innovative and pioneering achievements, create international academic benchmarks, and become strategic scientists in the field of cutting-edge science and technology, leading talents in philosophy and social sciences and The main base for the growth of outstanding engineers.
Increase the training of urgently needed talents and expand the scale of training high-level talents in related disciplines.
17. Improve the level of regional innovation and development.
Strengthen the collaborative innovation of universities, scientific research institutes, enterprises and other subjects, establish a high-end R&D platform with collaborative organization and system integration, promote the in-depth integration of production, education and research, promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and promote the organic connection between the education chain, the talent chain, the innovation chain and the industrial chain .
Based on serving the national regional development strategy, promote the integration of colleges and universities into the regional innovation system.
Give full play to the demonstration and driving role of the construction of colleges and universities, and strengthen the radiation guidance through substantive cooperation such as counterpart support, joint discipline construction, mutual selection of courses, mutual recognition of credits, student visits, mutual employment of teachers, and mutual assistance in scientific research, and promote the promotion of local high-level universities and colleges. The construction of advantageous and characteristic disciplines will accelerate the formation of a new pattern of regional higher education development, promote the establishment of an education system that serves the lifelong learning of the whole people, and lead regional economic and social innovation and development.
6. Promote high-level opening-up and cooperation to enhance the international competitiveness of talent training
18. Comprehensively improve the level of international exchanges and cooperation.
Establish and improve the foreign affairs management system of colleges and universities that is compatible with the opening of high-level education, explore a new mechanism for two-way exchanges with high-level universities in the world to support study abroad, carry out mutual recognition of credits, mutual degree granting, and build a cooperation platform for friendly exchanges between Chinese and foreign education and culture, Promote and deepen people-to-people and cultural exchanges.
Standardize the management of international students in China, expand the scale of outstanding academic degree students, promote the construction of English-taught demonstration courses for international students in China, and comprehensively improve the quality of overseas education in China.
19. Deeply integrate into the global innovation network.
Encourage the construction of colleges and universities to initiate international academic organizations and university cooperation alliances, hold high-level academic conferences and forums, create high-level academic journals, increase talent training for international organizations, and enhance the right to participate in the formulation of educational rules and standards.
In-depth promotion of the joint construction of the “Belt and Road” education initiative, participating in the research on major international issues, actively designing and leading international major scientific plans and major scientific projects, actively undertaking educational development and scientific research tasks involving common issues of human survival and development, and providing talents. A world-class innovation platform, participating in addressing global challenges and promoting the common well-being of mankind.
7. Optimize the management evaluation mechanism and guide the construction of the characteristic development of colleges and universities
20. Improve the effectiveness evaluation system.
Promote the implementation of the overall plan for deepening the reform of education evaluation in the new era, take the quality of talents as the top priority of evaluation, resolutely overcome the "five only" stubborn diseases, explore classified evaluation and international peer review, and build innovative value, ability and contribution as the basis Orientation, a multi-dimensional and multi-dimensional effect evaluation system that reflects the development of connotation and characteristic development.
Improve graduate follow-up surveys and the application of results, and establish and improve a dynamic feedback mechanism for demand and employment.
The role of the construction of colleges and universities in leading and driving regional development is taken as an important part of the evaluation of construction effectiveness, and preferential support is given to those with remarkable results.
Based on the normalized monitoring of big data, efforts should be made to build a "monitoring-improvement-evaluation" mechanism, strengthen the diagnostic function, and implement the main responsibility for the construction of colleges and universities.
21. Optimize the dynamic adjustment mechanism.
Demand-oriented, subject-based, quality-based, and competition-based, based on long-term key construction, control and dynamically adjust the total number of colleges and disciplines under construction, reduce the impact of selection and evaluation work on college construction, and guide colleges and universities Focus on long-term development and focus on connotation construction.
Universities and disciplines with good construction foundation, high school quality, and outstanding service demand advantages are included in the scope of construction.
For universities and disciplines with low development level and poor construction results, the support will be reduced until the scope of construction is adjusted.
Exploring the implementation of the post-reward policy for colleges and universities that have achieved remarkable construction results.
22. Explore a new mode of independent characteristic development.
Strengthen the positioning of first-class universities as the main position of talent training, the main force of basic research and the source of major scientific and technological breakthroughs, and support the construction of first-class universities and first-class disciplines according to the needs of the country.
Optimize the discipline-based construction model, adhere to problem orientation and goal orientation, not stick to first-level disciplines, and allow some colleges and universities to carry out discipline construction according to fields and directions.
Select a number of high-level universities, fully empower them to independently set up construction disciplines, evaluation cycles, etc., and encourage the exploration of new models of running schools.
Select a construction university with distinctive characteristics and comprehensive advantages, give a certain authority to independently set and adjust construction disciplines, and set a relatively loose evaluation cycle.
Improve the independent construction of the management mechanism for matching rights and responsibilities of colleges and universities to ensure that the autonomy is implemented and used well.
For the construction of colleges and universities with outstanding regional characteristics, support to strengthen discipline construction in response to major regional needs.
8. Improve the stability support mechanism and increase the guarantee of conditions for the construction of colleges and universities
23. Guide multiple inputs.
Establish and improve a long-term mechanism for coordinated investment by the central, local, enterprise, and society.
The central government's special projects continue to provide stable support.
Consolidate and expand the multi-channel support of local governments, and encourage local governments to create a good policy environment for the construction of "double first-class".
Strengthen precise support, highlight performance orientation, form an incentive and restraint mechanism, and reflect the support of the excellent, the strong and the special in fair competition.
Guide the construction of colleges and universities based on their advantages, expand social cooperation, and actively strive for social resources.
24. Innovation funding management.
Based on factors such as service demand, construction effectiveness and discipline characteristics, differentiated financial support will be implemented for the construction of universities and disciplines.
Expand the autonomy in the use of funds for construction of colleges and universities, allow some colleges and universities to independently arrange project funds within the scope of special financial funds, and conduct implementation and performance evaluations according to the five-year construction cycle.
Implement and improve the autonomy in the use of scientific research funds.
25. Strengthen basic security.
Increase the investment in infrastructure construction within the central budget, and focus on strengthening the backbone basic disciplines, advantageous characteristic disciplines, and emerging interdisciplinary disciplines.
New postgraduate enrollment plans, push and exemption indicators, etc., are tilted towards universities and disciplines that serve key areas, universities and disciplines that have achieved significant results in cultivating urgently needed talents, and universities and disciplines in the central, western and northeastern regions.
For key core areas, increase support for the construction of a national innovation platform for the integration of production and education in colleges and universities.
9. Strengthen organizational leadership and improve the governance capacity of colleges and universities
26. Strengthen the overall leadership of the party.
Strengthen the political stance, improve the political position, put the leadership of the party throughout the whole process and all aspects of the construction, strengthen the party committees in colleges and universities to manage the party, fight corruption, run the school and run the school, grasp the school's development and discipline construction orientation, adhere to and improve The principal responsibility system under the leadership of the party committee is to ensure the direction of running a school, the politics of talents, and the quality of development.
Conscientiously implement the party's organizational line in the new era, strengthen the self-construction of the leadership team, promote the building of cadres in an overall manner, and improve the system and mechanism of unified leadership of the party committee, joint management of the party and government, and departments responsible for their respective responsibilities, so that the construction of "double first-class" and the party's The construction is planned and advanced simultaneously to stimulate the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of teachers and students to participate in the construction.
27. Strengthen the implementation of the responsibility for the construction of colleges and universities.
Benchmarking the goals and requirements of education modernization, improve the school policy formulation and implementation mechanism, coordinate the formulation of the school's overall planning and special plans for discipline construction, talent training, etc., and form a policy system with accurate positioning and orderly connection.
Improve the work coordination mechanism, improve the organizational system that is connected from top to bottom and has strong execution, and improve the efficiency of resource allocation and management service.
Implement and expand the autonomy of colleges and universities to run schools, pay attention to the matching of powers and responsibilities, decentralize management, and actively create an environment where people can concentrate on educating people and devote themselves to studying.
Improve the internal governance structure of the school, deepen the reform of the personnel system and talent evaluation, fully stimulate the endogenous power and vitality of the construction of colleges and universities, and accelerate the modernization of the governance system and governance capacity.
Ministry of Education Ministry of Finance National Development and Reform Commission