This year's college graduates are expected to be 10.76 million, a record high in both scale and increment——
Effectively solve the problem of youth employment
The number of college graduates this year is expected to be 10.76 million, a record high in both scale and increment.
At the same time, the impact of the epidemic on employment continues.
The production and operation of some industries and enterprises have not recovered to pre-epidemic levels.
There are still uncertainties in the employment demand in the job market, the ability of some small and medium-sized enterprises to expand and absorb employment has declined, and the spread of the epidemic has adversely affected campus recruitment activities.
The structural contradiction in employment has not been fundamentally alleviated, and the coexistence of "difficulty in employment" and "difficulty in recruiting" still exists.
The Central Economic Work Conference emphasized that "solve the employment problems of college graduates and other youth", "grasp the employment of key groups, and implement measures to stabilize employment".
Support businesses to provide more opportunities
Enterprises are the main channel for the employment of college graduates, and small, medium and micro enterprises are the main positions for the employment of college graduates.
According to survey data released by Peking University recently, in 2021, 73.8% of graduates who have confirmed their work units will go to enterprises, with private enterprises accounting for the largest proportion, absorbing 35.2% of graduates, and state-owned enterprises ranking second. 25.0%, and foreign-funded enterprises accounted for 6.6%.
The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security recently issued the "Guidelines for Employment and Entrepreneurship Policy Services for College Graduates", which proposes that small and micro enterprises (including social organizations) who recruit unemployed graduates within 2 years of leaving school can apply for social insurance subsidies; College graduates who have been registered as unemployed for more than half a year can deduct value-added tax, urban maintenance and construction tax, education surcharge, local education surcharge and corporate income tax concessions in sequence; small and micro enterprises recruit college graduates and other qualified personnel in that year If the number of people reaches a certain proportion, they can apply for a guaranteed loan of no more than 3 million yuan for business start-up, and the finance will give discounted interest.
At the same time, in recent years, various regions have introduced many positive policies to stabilize employment.
Li Changan, a professor at the National Institute of Openness at the University of International Business and Economics, believes: "We should pay attention to the positive role of local governments in implementing the employment-first policy, and we must properly publicize the policy to attract more college students to work locally and at the grassroots level."
Guangdong Province is a hot spot for graduates seeking employment.
The number of college graduates in 2022 is expected to be 710,000, an increase of 66,000 over last year. Together with graduates from other provinces who come to Guangdong for employment, there will be more than 900,000 college graduates seeking employment in Guangdong.
The reporter learned that on the one hand, Guangdong encourages small and medium-sized enterprises to absorb more college graduates and expand market-oriented employment channels;
At the same time, continue to implement grass-roots employment projects such as "refunds for college graduates to teach in rural areas", "college student village officials", "three branches and one support", "western plan", "mountain plan", "college student recruitment" and other grassroots employment projects to provide college graduates with more job opportunity.
Encourage graduates to innovate and start businesses
As the whole society gradually forms a favorable development environment for innovation and entrepreneurship, many college graduates also regard entrepreneurship as the first stop for entering the workplace.
On February 11, 8 ministries and commissions including the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "Notice on Deeply Implementing Demonstration Actions for Entrepreneurship and Employment to Promote Entrepreneurship and Employment of College Graduates", which provides college graduates with more opportunities to display their talents by lowering the threshold for innovation and entrepreneurship.
College graduates are encouraged to start their own businesses, and entrepreneurial carriers such as incubators invested and developed by the government should arrange about 30% of the venues to be provided to college graduates free of charge.
Where conditions permit, rent subsidies can be given to college graduates to start businesses in incubators.
The reporter learned from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security that college graduates who start their own businesses in 2022 can still enjoy the following policies: First, college graduates (including college village officials and students returning from studying abroad) can apply for a maximum of 200,000 yuan, with interest discounted by special funds. The maximum amount of guaranteed loans for personal business start-up is 3 million yuan for the establishment of small and micro enterprises; secondly, for college graduates engaged in self-employment within the graduation year, value-added tax and urban maintenance will be deducted in turn at the limit of 12,000 yuan per household per year within 3 years. Construction tax, education surcharge, local education surcharge and personal income tax; thirdly, a one-time start-up subsidy can be given to those who set up a small and micro enterprise for the first time or engage in self-employment and operate normally for more than one year.
At the same time, since the end of last year, various localities have formulated preferential policies based on actual conditions.
For example, recently, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, focusing on 275,800 fresh graduates from colleges and universities in the province, introduced 8 measures to support self-employment, support the transformation of achievements, give social insurance subsidies, and support skills improvement.
Timely change employment concept
As college graduates break through the 10 million mark, changes in the employment concept of youth employment groups are also worthy of attention.
Many college students would rather engage in administrative and secretarial work with a starting salary of 3,000 to 4,000 yuan rather than consider a production workshop with a higher salary.
"They should be helped as soon as possible to form an equal position concept before entering the workplace." Li Qiang, executive vice president of Zhaopin Recruitment, said that college graduates need to adjust their expectations and strive to turn grassroots and front-line jobs into their own blue ocean.
"College graduates enter the highly market-oriented human resources market and become job seekers. They must learn to change their employment concepts. There is also a broader space for development in the production line, and the opportunities, benefits and attractiveness of career development are increasing year by year." Li Changan said.
Skill improvement programs to improve the structural contradictions of employment and expand occupational space are being implemented in depth.
Since 2021, in order to encourage and guide young talents to grow into talents, optimize the quality structure of the labor force, and promote the employment and entrepreneurship of laborers, my country has carried out a series of measures, including promoting the vocational skill grading system, which not only helps enterprises at all levels to carry out skilled talent evaluation , forming a scientific, social and diversified evaluation mechanism for skilled talents, and extending the career advancement channel of skilled talents upward.
In addition, when selecting and recruiting graduates, enterprises should also explore and adapt to the new thinking mode of employment.
Li Qiang said that in addition to rules, enterprises should also have emotions and values, so that the emotions and cultures of both parties can resonate, and young people can recognize the company with a new working model and are willing to contribute to the development of the company.
(Economic Daily reporter Ao Rong)