中新网北京1月27日电 (记者 李纯)“心血管疾病只要不发生特别的意外，在后期都会发生心衰，”复旦大学附属中山医院心内科副主任周京敏近期在接受媒体线上采访时表示，“就像一个汽车开的年数久了，总有一天发动机会坏掉，这个时候就会表现为心衰。”
“心衰”是心力衰竭的简称，是指各种原因导致心脏泵血功能受损，心排血量不能满足全身组织基本代谢需要的临床综合征，是各种心脏疾病的严重表现或终末阶段。其中，射血分数降低的心力衰竭(HFrEF)是心衰的一个主要类型。
周京敏说，心衰的表现是很多方面的，心、脑、肾等身体重要的器官，包括呼吸、运动都可能受到影响。病人早期表现为运动后有呼吸困难，再晚一点表现为晚上睡觉不能平躺，再后期就是下肢浮肿，走路上气不接下气，这是心衰常见的表现。
“年龄相对大的人更容易发生心衰，其实年纪轻的也有，但病因不一样，有心肌炎、遗传病因多一点，年纪大一点的就是高血压、糖尿病、冠心病引起的多一点。”周京敏表示，从季节来看，冬天心衰病人容易发病，一是天气较冷，血管收缩，血压就会升高，心脏负担增加；二是冬天易患感冒，容易诱发肺炎和心衰。“冬天对心衰病人是非常关键的时间，要学会保暖，及时就医，不能把轻的毛病拖成重的毛病。”此外，心衰病人还要限盐，注意清淡饮食。
有数据显示，中国的心衰患者高达1370万；心衰的死亡率甚至可能高于乳腺癌、膀胱癌、前列腺癌等常见肿瘤疾病。“我们在临床上看到，一些病人在诊断心衰以后满不在乎，也不吃药。”周京敏指出，公众对心衰这一疾病的认识水平仍有待提高，需要得到重视。应当加深公众对心衰的了解，及时发现、预防心衰，进行积极治疗，改善生活质量、延长寿命。
Talking about the misunderstandings of treating heart failure, Zhou Jingmin said that the main misunderstanding is that many people cannot take medicines in a timely and standardized manner because they have side effects.
Many patients stop taking the drug on their own after returning to a normal state. After a few months, the heart failure worsens, and they can never return to the normal state.
"In the treatment guidelines for heart failure, it is particularly emphasized that even if the condition recovers, it is necessary to insist on medication, because the return of heart disease to normal is to maintain a balance in the state of medication. If there is no medication, the balance will be tilted again."
"Heart failure can be treated, and new drugs are constantly emerging, which can allow patients to receive appropriate treatment." Zhou Jingmin said that the treatment of heart failure in the early years was to improve short-term symptoms, and it improved after the 1990s. Prognostic drugs.
In the past two years, there have been some new treatment methods, such as the oral guanylate cyclase agonist "Velixigua" which is in the review stage in China.
Compared with the original drugs, the mechanism of action of this class of drugs is superimposed, and clinical studies have also found that they can better reduce the risk of heart failure hospitalization and death on the basis of the original drugs.
"I believe that this class of drugs will also play a very important role in the treatment of heart failure patients in the future, adding new drugs to patients that can better reduce their chances of being hospitalized or risking dangerous or dying risks," he said. .
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