A few days ago, the Ministry of Education responded to the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference's "Proposal on Further Implementing the Prevention and Control Measures for Adolescent Depression", saying that depression screening has been clearly included in student health checks.

This reply has once again aroused public attention.

　　For a long time, the negative effects of adolescent mental health problems are increasingly becoming the focus of social attention.

　　At the end of November 2021, the Ministry of Education held the National College Students' Mental Health Education Promotion Conference to deploy and promote the high-quality development of college students' mental health education.

　　At the same time, the government, society, schools and other parties are also taking action.

At the seminar on "Minors' Mental Health - Network Protection and Guidance", Fan Zemin, deputy director and second-level researcher of the Sports and Health Education Division of the Sports Health and Art Education Department of the Ministry of Education, mentioned that according to statistics from the Ministry of Education, the national More than 1,630 colleges and universities have opened hotlines and online support platforms for psychological counseling to provide mental health support services to the public.

After the launch of online education, the online cloud platform for primary and secondary schools led by the Department of Ideological and Political Affairs of the Ministry of Education has also increased the support for online mental health education courses.

　　Why is the mental health of teenagers worrying?

What efforts are needed from all sectors of society to make them happy?

　　1. The network tree hole has become an emotional outlet for many teenagers

　　A netizen left a message: I'm 15 years old. I go home at 10 o'clock every night, finish my homework at 2 o'clock in the morning, and start at 6 o'clock the next day. I'm really tired and tired.

This post has more than 600 likes.

　　"My private messages are like tree holes. Every day, thousands of people from all over the world, especially many minors, tell me their thoughts and worries. It is conservatively estimated that in this year alone, the number of people who responded to private messages was nearly 5,000. People, most of them are students and teenagers." Xue Ying is a psychological worker and a self-media person who does popular science of psychological knowledge.

In November 2020, she made a popular science video on adolescent mental health and crisis intervention, with more than 700,000 views and more than 7,000 comments.

　　From thousands of private messages and tens of thousands of comments, Xueying saw the voices of minors, the information they wanted to convey, and why they were distressed.

　　The first is academic pressure.

"We often hear that children sigh on their young shoulders because of their heavy academic burden." Xue Ying said, a netizen left a message: I'm 15 years old, I go home at 10 o'clock every night, and finish writing at 2 o'clock in the morning Homework, starting from 6 o'clock the next day, I was really tired and tired.

This post has more than 600 likes.

　　"Some children lack love at home and are even beaten and scolded by their family members." The seriousness of family conflicts also made Xue Ying "shocked".

"Many parents transfer the anxiety and introversion of the adult world to their children, but children are the softest and most in need of protection." Xue Ying said.

　　For difficult problems in life, many teenagers turn to the online society for help to relieve their loneliness, anxiety and other emotions.

A few years ago, Bilibili website (Station B) found that more and more young people would spontaneously chat with customer service about some troubles in life, thus building an "energy gas station" to provide these young people with an entrance to talk. .

In 2021, the number of "energy gas station" services will reach 86,217, including 25,159 emergency rescues.

　　In order to better serve these young people on the Internet, the 12355 Center of the Youth League Central and Station B have established a consultation service cooperation mechanism.

When the customer service of the energy gas station at station B finds a case of adolescent psychological counseling that needs professional intervention, it will transfer the volunteer psychological counselors of 12355, and through the customer service port of the energy gas station at station B, on the Internet, they have emotional problems and want to find someone to talk to. Youths communicate, counsel, provide emotional relief, crisis intervention and other services.

　　Faced with these problems, Xueying made a series of popular science videos related to mental health, "for example, sharing with children how to overcome social fear, how to improve their own problems of overeating and emotional eating, how to improve children and their families relationship, and how to use effective tools to relieve anxiety and depression in children.”

Facing the complaints of the children coming in like a wave, Xue Ying felt that the power of one person is far from enough, and hoped that she could use the power of more professionals in the society to help them and heal them.

　　2. What are the real needs of young people?

　　The first big thing that children worry about the most is poor test scores and being hired by teachers; the second big thing is losing interest in learning and finding the direction of life; the third big thing is bad peer relationships, fear of being rejected; The fourth major thing is the disharmony between parent and child.

　　"What exactly do children need, have we seriously studied it?" Zhu Wei, editor-in-chief of the magazine "Close Sister" of the China Children's Press and Publishing House, has been listening to children's voices for many years.

　　Zhu Wei and her colleagues once conducted a survey - what is the most worrying thing for children?

"The first big thing that children worry about the most is poor test scores and being hired by teachers; the second big thing is losing interest in learning and finding a direction in life; the third big thing is bad peer relationships, fear of being rejected ; The fourth major thing is the disharmony between the parent and child.”

　　According to the survey, the thing that children feel most proud of is being a useful person, a person recognized and needed by society.

　　A parent once said to Zhu Wei: My child has no time to eat hairy crabs, because eating hairy crabs is a waste of time.

But the child said: My life has no seams, I am a bottle of knowledge and a learning machine.

　　This made Zhu Wei realize that many children not only need to be heard, but also need to live.

The family needs to bring a sense of security to the child, be tolerant of the child's mistakes, and make him feel warm and recognized.

　　Lei Li, a professor at the School of Education of Renmin University of China and deputy director of the Cyber ​​Psychology Professional Committee of the Chinese Psychological Society, has been studying adolescent behavior for many years.

He pointed out that adolescents' behavior can be divided into two parts, internalizing problems and externalizing problems.

Internalized problems include behaviors that harm oneself, such as drinking drugs, depression, anxiety, suicide, etc.; externalized problems include behaviors such as harming others and destroying public property.

　　Whether it is an internalization problem or an externalization problem, in Lei Li's view: "The problems they have to solve are self-identity, autonomy and individuality. By doing something that attracts attention, they prove their self-worth and self. exist."

　　Thunderbolt reminds that when paying attention to the various behaviors of teenagers, it is necessary to see what they think behind these behaviors.

"In addition to caring about whether these behaviors comply with the law and morality, but also whether they are provided with appropriate opportunities and appropriate development paths in the process of their growth. If there are no opportunities and development paths, they are likely to choose to violate the law. , some ways of morality.”

　　The same is true for Zhu Wei.

She believes that children need to be respected and guided by role models.

When respecting their choices, set the right example for your children, and you should also give your children hope.

In Zhu Wei's survey, when asked, "Facing the future, what kind of person do you want to be", 48.71% of the children said they hope to do what they like, and 15.41% hope to have a respectable and promising job , only 6.19% of the children hope to earn money and become a wealthy person.

"Therefore, children have spiritual pursuits, so they should see hope and support them. Parents, teachers, and society should form a support system to help and protect them together." Zhu Wei said.

　　3. Leave room for flexibility for teenagers’ psychology

　　Schools are the main fronts for implementing cyber protection and psychological education.

　　对家长来说，一是要尽到监护人的职责，自觉学习心理健康及家庭教育的原理、方法；二是要以身作则，自己要文明、科学、有度地使用网络，提高网络媒体素养，营造温馨、民主、平等的家庭氛围。

　　经过多年探索，北京市第二实验小学针对学生的心理健康，采取“二外二弹”模式。校长芦咏莉介绍，第一个“外”是，让学生把所有想法讲出来，让他的心理活动外显化。每月一次大讨论，鼓励学生每节课都有“精彩两分钟”发言，通过班会、演讲、辩论，甚至戏剧，表达心里所有的困惑。第二个“外”是室外，“我们鼓励孩子从室内走到室外，到户外去做各种各样的活动。在学校，体育是第一学科，学生进入的第一件事情一定是去运动。运动在学校是非常时尚和非常被尊重、被崇敬的一件事情。”芦咏莉说。

　　“二弹”，一是思维有弹性。看一个事情不会只有一个可能性，不能钻牛角尖，让学生学会在不同的角度、不同的情景下，观察具体的表现方式。二是心理有弹性，“我们鼓励孩子要参加体育月赛，参加各种各样的‘对抗’活动。在对抗中体验输与赢，今天输明天赢，明天输今天赢，总是会出现各种各样的弹性的变化，让孩子知道这是成长中很自然的过程。”

　　尽管建立了相对稳定的关爱模式，但对学生心理健康的持续关注仍然是芦咏莉作为校长的长线课题。

　　在团中央12355青少年服务台心理专家许建农看来，加强对未成年人的网络保护，促进未成年人的身心健康成长，是全面、系统、核心一致的工作，需要从学校、家庭、社会、企业以及未成年人自身整体设计，多方协作，常年规划，做到五位一体，切实将未成年人保护法在网络保护中落到实处。

　　学校是落实网络保护和心理教育的主阵地。许建农提到，有相当一部分中小学校心理教师缺乏专业的心理培训，专职心理教师的数量较少。他建议，从师范生开始，加强心理专业知识的教育，加强对在职教师的心理培训，多角度、全方位为在校中小学生提供网络教育和心理健康教育。

　　This issue is receiving attention.

In the "Notice on Strengthening the Management of Students' Mental Health" issued by the Ministry of Education in July 2021, it is required to strengthen the source management, process management, result management and guarantee management of students' mental health work.

Among them, the notice requires that primary and secondary schools should incorporate mental health education into the school-based curriculum, and at the same time focus on arranging various forms of life education and frustration education.

It is required that primary and secondary schools should focus on mental health education as a compulsory content in various trainings such as pre-job training, business training, and daily training for head teachers and teachers of various disciplines.

　　In addition, to pay attention to the mental health of students, the family is an unavoidable important link.

Xu Jiannong believes that for parents, firstly, they must fulfill their duties as guardians and learn the principles and methods of mental health and family education consciously; , to create a warm, democratic and equal family atmosphere.

Xu Jiannong suggested that starting from the senior students, we should set up psychological knowledge education courses to lay a solid foundation for family education in the future, so that children can find a sense of intimacy and belonging in the family.

　　Finally, Xu Jiannong believes that society, Internet companies and minors themselves must work together with schools and families to shoulder the common responsibility of protecting the mental health of minors.

　　(Our reporter Yang Sa)