Promote the solid implementation of science and technology policies (authoritative interviews, steady words and advancement: how to see, how to do)
——Interview with Wang Zhigang, Secretary of the Party Leadership Group and Minister of the Ministry of Science and Technology
Our reporter Zhao Yongxin Gu Yekai
This year’s Central Economic Work Conference emphasized “insisting on innovation-driven development and promoting high-quality development” and proposed that “science and technology policies should be solidly implemented.” A series of deployments have been made in terms of optimizing the science and technology innovation ecology and launching international scientific and technological cooperation.
How to promote the solid implementation of science and technology policies?
What are the main focus points for strengthening national strategic scientific and technological capabilities?
How to further stimulate the enthusiasm and initiative of enterprise innovation?
The reporter interviewed Wang Zhigang, Secretary of the Party Leadership Group and Minister of the Ministry of Science and Technology.
Make efforts in three areas to promote the solid implementation of science and technology policies
Reporter: What new measures will the Ministry of Science and Technology introduce to implement science and technology policies?
Wang Zhigang: "Science and technology policies must be firmly implemented" is one of the seven tasks deployed by the Central Economic Work Conference.
In 2021, the Party Central Committee and the State Council will deploy a series of scientific and technological reform tasks, including scientific and technological development plans, scientific and technological action plans in various fields, and work plans for major reform measures, forming the initial deployment of the "14th Five-Year Plan" in an all-round way.
The main task of 2022 is to grasp implementation.
Focusing on the two major issues of development and safety, we should truly allocate superior resources to the most urgent and most urgently needed places, and effectively improve the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation.
All technological activities are actually human activities.
The science and technology department is both a manager and a server. It must carefully study the party and the country's major policies and the specific needs of scientific research personnel to better meet the requirements and convenience needs of scientific research activities, and effectively stimulate the innovation vitality of the whole society.
In terms of specific working methods, one is to formulate a special work implementation plan, to establish a systematic concept, strengthen overall planning, ensure that responsibilities are assigned to people, and establish a powerful task implementation mechanism; the second is to strengthen investigation and research, actively listen to the opinions of innovative subjects, and improve Investigate ability, make timely dynamic adjustments when there are problems, form a feedback loop mechanism, improve policy pertinence and effectiveness; third, strengthen the effectiveness of supervision and inquiries, perform timely benchmarking of various tasks, implement list management, and find problems around goals. Establish an assessment and evaluation mechanism.
In the near future, we will hold a national science and technology work conference and issue the No. 1 document of the Party Group of the Ministry of Science and Technology to further make comprehensive arrangements for the implementation of the work in 2022.
Coordinate and coordinate to strengthen the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces
Reporter: How to deploy and advance the strengthening of national strategic scientific and technological capabilities?
Wang Zhigang: The national strategic science and technology force is a scientific research team that can embody the will of the country, serve the country's needs, and represent the national level.
National laboratories, national scientific research institutions, high-level research universities, and leading science and technology companies are all important components of the country's strategic science and technology forces.
These forces complement each other and have their own focus, and together constitute a national innovation capability system.
Some focus on solving scientific problems, discovering problems, and scientific explanations; some focus on solving technical problems, focusing on the multiplication, subversion, and cohesion of science and technology; some focus on solving engineering problems, focusing on the rapid realization of advanced technologies and results Priority use.
Strategic scientific and technological strength is not limited to a certain unit or individual, whether it is a national strategic scientific and technological strength, the key depends on whether it does not do things at the national strategic level, whether it has the ability to call and win, and whether it has the ability to solve strategic problems. Major scientific and technological issues.
We encourage "innovation, regardless of origin, let whoever can do it".
To strengthen the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces, we must systematically plan under the background of the national innovation system, so that all forces are in their respective positions, coordinated and coordinated, and the national strategic missions and tasks are effectively fulfilled.
The first is to strengthen overall planning in terms of subject areas, task implementation, and resource allocation, and coordinate the construction of a national laboratory system with Chinese characteristics with national laboratories as the core and national key laboratories as the support.
The second is to give full play to the role of universities and scientific research institutes, promote the optimal allocation of scientific research forces of scientific research institutes, universities and enterprises, cultivate more innovative leading enterprises, and support leading enterprises to form innovative consortia.
The third is to create a number of regional innovation highlands with international competitiveness.
Accelerate the construction of international technological innovation centers with global influence such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and national technological innovation centers such as Chengyu, etc., and give full play to the power engine and radiation driving role of national self-created zones and high-tech zones in high-quality development .
Four-wheel drive, develop and implement a ten-year plan for basic research
Reporter: The Central Economic Work Conference proposed to formulate and implement a ten-year plan for basic research. What specific measures are there in this regard?
Wang Zhigang: Basic research is the source of the entire scientific system.
The ten-year plan for basic research is to put basic research in a more important position, do a good job in the overall design, and at the same time strengthen strategic deployment in accordance with the laws of basic research.
Basic research should focus on real basic research problems, not on easy results and fame.
In terms of research content, we should not only encourage curiosity-driven free exploration, but also emphasize goal-oriented problem orientation.
Scientific issues should be condensed from economic and social development and national security, and high-quality development should be supported by the discovery, summary, and control of scientific laws, scientific principles, and scientific methods. In terms of research methods, the logical starting point is to raise real basic research issues. Whether basic research has major strategic significance and the prerequisite for its success; in terms of evaluation criteria, it is necessary to take originality as the fundamental criterion, and comprehensively consider the scientific value, the construction of a modern economic system, social development, and national security.
To implement the ten-year plan for basic research, we must focus on the following tasks:
The first is to make overall arrangements for the basic research system of the national science and technology plan, focus on major national strategic needs and key bottlenecks in industrial development, strengthen application-oriented basic research, and improve the common basic technology supply system.
The second is to cultivate a world-class team of basic research talents, create world-class scientists and leading talents, support the cultivation of young scientists and reserve forces, promote interdisciplinary integration and interdisciplinary research, and establish a number of basic subject research centers.
The third is to increase investment in basic research, promote the continuous growth of central financial investment, guide enterprises and financial institutions to increase support in appropriate ways, and encourage society to invest in multiple channels through donations and fund establishments.
The fourth is to create an ecological environment conducive to basic research, reform basic research evaluation, topic selection mechanisms and incentive systems, and strengthen the original orientation of basic research and the supporting and leading role of applied science.
Give scientific research personnel greater control over human, financial and material resources and academic autonomy, and provide better services for scientific research personnel with no distractions and concentration on research.
Take multiple measures at the same time to strengthen the position of the enterprise as the mainstay of innovation
Reporter: What measures will the Ministry of Science and Technology take to stimulate enterprises' innovation enthusiasm and initiative?
Wang Zhigang: The key to strengthening the position of the main body of enterprise innovation is to make the enterprise the main body of technological innovation decision-making, R&D investment, scientific research organization and achievement transformation.
To test whether an enterprise has become the main body of innovation, it mainly depends on whether the enterprise has played the role of the subject in the major planning and task condensing; whether it has played the role of the organization and coordinator of all parties in the research of key products; in the transformation of results Whether it played the role of technology undertaker.
Focusing on improving the status of corporate innovation as the mainstay, the Ministry of Science and Technology will focus on three aspects of work-
One is to create a good policy environment.
Practice has shown that inclusive policies such as the deduction of R&D expenses and tax incentives for high-tech enterprises have effectively stimulated the innovation vitality of enterprises.
In the next step, we must expand the coverage of the inclusive policy, extend this policy to all small and medium-sized technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises, and increase the super deduction ratio from 75% to 100%.
The second is to give play to the leading and leading role of national self-created zones and high-tech zone innovation highlands.
In 2020, 169 national high-tech zones will gather 36.2% of the country's high-tech enterprises, R&D investment accounts for 50% of the national enterprise R&D investment, and 0.1% of the land area will create 12.7% of GDP.
The country’s self-created areas and high-tech zones should be transformed into innovation highlands, industrial highlands, talent highlands, open highlands and incubation highlands, and cultivate and expand a group of global technology leaders.
The third is to improve the research and development capabilities of enterprises' innovation entities.
Major national science and technology projects must actively support the participation of enterprises.
It is necessary to vigorously improve the core technology research capabilities of leading technology companies, support leading companies to take the lead in forming innovation consortia, establish a national technology innovation center, and support the security and stability of the supply chain of key industrial chains.
To improve the overall R&D capabilities of technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises, pilot projects include a certain percentage of national key R&D projects to subsidize small and medium-sized enterprises' R&D activities, optimize the high-efficiency and low-cost innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem, and support the growth of small, medium and micro-enterprises as important sources of innovation.