"Double reduction" policy is implemented, "burden reduction is difficult" to solve the problem
cram school is quiet, campus life takes on a new look, eager to seek success, education, attitude change
Core reading
"Double reduction" has changed the stereotyped teaching concepts and models in the past, and changed the eager attitude of education.
Only when students sleep more adequately, exercise more adequately, physically and mentally healthier, live more autonomously, and study more enjoyable can quality education be truly realized.
□ reporter Zhang Wei
It was cold in Beijing in mid-December, but there were still many people on the Western Suburb Line from Xiangshan on the weekend afternoon.
Ms. Wang, who lives in Chaoyang District, is among them. “The weather is good today. Take advantage of the warmest day at noon to take my son out to climb the mountain,” Ms. Wang said.
For her and her son, every weekend in the second half of this year is a time to enjoy parent-child time.
On Sunday the next day, she will accompany her son to paint.
Previously, the weekend was "very heavy" for her, taking the children to and from the cram schools, her son's reluctance and her helplessness were intertwined with each other. "The parent-child relationship was even tense for a while.
This earth-shaking change stems from the "double reduction", because it reduces the burden of students' homework and off-campus training during the compulsory education stage, and the weekend life is no longer stressful, but more comfortable, parents and children have more time and opportunities to enjoy Harmonious and harmonious parent-child life.
As the amount of homework decreases, the child has enough sleep, and has time to develop his hobbies, but on the contrary, his learning enthusiasm and initiative have increased.
"Double reduction", as a major measure to strengthen the main role of school education, deepen the governance of off-campus training institutions, build a good education ecology, and promote the all-round development and healthy growth of students, has put a different label for the upcoming 2021.
Achieve three regressions
Since our country put forward quality education in 1985, the issue of "burden reduction" has been a commonplace talk.
The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education previously stated frankly that one of the most prominent problems of compulsory education is that the burden of primary and secondary school students is too heavy, and the short-sighted and utilitarian problems have not been fundamentally resolved.
On the one hand, students’ homework burden is still heavy and homework management is not perfect; on the other hand, off-campus training is still overheated, and the problem of advanced and over-standard training has not been fundamentally solved. Some off-campus training projects charge high fees, and excessive capital influx poses a greater risk. Training institutions’ "difficulty in refunding fees", "rolling out of money" and other violations of laws and regulations have occurred from time to time.
This difficult problem will be solved in the summer of 2021 with the release of a blockbuster document.
On July 24, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Further Reducing the Burden of Compulsory Education Students’ Homework and Off-campus Training" (hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions"), requesting to effectively improve the level of school education and continue to regulate off-campus Training (including online training and offline training) can effectively reduce the burden of excessive homework and off-campus training for students in compulsory education.
The overall goal of the “double reduction” work is very clear: in the school, the school’s education and teaching quality and service level will be further improved, the assignment of homework will be more scientific and reasonable, the school’s after-school services will basically meet the needs of students, and student learning will better return to campus.
In terms of off-campus, the training behavior of off-campus training institutions has been fully standardized, all kinds of chaos in subject-based off-campus training have been basically eliminated, and the enthusiasm of off-campus training has gradually cooled.
Within 1 year, the burden of students’ overweight homework and off-campus training, family education expenditure and the corresponding energy burden of parents will be effectively reduced. Within 3 years, various burdens will be significantly reduced, the quality of education will be further improved, and the education satisfaction of the people will be significantly improved.
Zhou Jianhua, a member of the Mathematics Teaching Committee of the Basic Education Teaching Steering Committee of the Ministry of Education and the principal of the Aerospace City School of the High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China, believes that the implementation of "double reduction" requires two-way effort from external governance and internal quality improvement, and finally three returns: let Education returns to schools, schools return to educating people, and students return to comprehensive and individual development.
Strictly investigate violation training
Governing the off-campus training institutions that once grew savagely will inevitably become the key to the implementation of the "double reduction" policy.
In recent years, the off-campus training market has maliciously increased market prices and blindly charges, which has brought a heavy economic burden to the general public.
Xue Haiping, a professor at the School of Education of Capital Normal University and the director of the Institute of Educational Economics and Management, said, “Our research has found that compulsory education students participating in off-campus training may lead to family poverty. The expenditure on off-campus training has gradually become an overwhelming mountain for families.”
After the release of the "Opinions," a series of regulations on chaos in training institutions were intensively released.
The National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Education, and the State Administration for Market Regulation jointly issued the "Notice on Strengthening the Supervision of Off-campus Training Fees for Subjects in the Compulsory Education Stage", stipulating the implementation of government-guided price management, implementing government-developed off-campus training contracts (sample text), and strengthening training Advertising control, control the salary level of teachers in training institutions.
The General Office of the Ministry of Education and the General Office of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security jointly issued the "Administrative Measures for Practitioners of Off-campus Training Institutions (for Trial Implementation)", covering recruitment conditions, recruitment procedures, employment prohibitions, behavioral "red lines", supervision and inspection, and punishment systems Provisions have been made to guide off-campus training institutions to establish and improve related management mechanisms and continuously improve the quality of training services.
The Ministry of Education and the General Administration of Market Supervision jointly issued the "Out-of-school Training Service Contract for Primary and Secondary School Students (Model Text)" (revised in 2021), which further improved the details of the contract and focused on solving the problems of institutional qualifications, illegal fees, refund difficulties, and "running off" ", outstanding problems such as uneven training staff.
The Ministry of Education, in conjunction with the National Development and Reform Commission, the People's Bank of China, the State Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Market Regulation, and the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, issued a notice to make further arrangements for strengthening the supervision of pre-paid fees for off-campus training institutions, and strictly prevent "difficulties in refunding fees". "Money runs off" and other issues.
In addition, the Ministry of Education will also issue a notice with the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the State Administration of Market Supervision to uniformly register the subject-based off-campus training institutions for students in the compulsory education stage as non-profit institutions for deployment.
Many good experiences and practices have also emerged in strengthening the administrative law enforcement of off-campus training supervision.
For example, Shanghai Jinshan District incorporated the investigation and punishment of disguised and illegal discipline training into the grid comprehensive management system, and implemented grid supervision to the "nervous endings" of the governance of training institutions to ensure that there are no dead ends in the investigation and punishment of invisible mutation training in disciplines.
Give full play to the advantages of the grid management of streets and towns, lead by relevant departments of local streets and towns, and combine education, market and other relevant departments to form a special inspection team for each street and town (industrial zone), and resolutely investigate and deal with it through special inspections, supervision and unannounced visits, etc. Training institutions make up courses in violation of regulations and training problems in invisible mutation subjects.
Each street and town (industrial zone) strengthened information communication, timely notified training institutions for violations of laws and regulations, strengthened the monitoring of key institutions, and formed a "high pressure situation" to investigate and deal with violations of training.
Fujian Province adheres to the reform principles and requirements of "a team to supervise law enforcement" in towns (streets), incorporates the daily supervision of off-campus training institutions into the comprehensive grid management system of grassroots districts, towns and streets, establishes a sound group prevention and control mechanism, and actively Give full play to the role of community grid management mechanism.
For example, Xiamen Siming District dispatched a community education officer in each of the 10 sub-district offices to be responsible for daily inspections of off-campus training institutions and to break through the “old difficulty” problem of insufficient law enforcement power of the education department.
Pursue the quality of education
"Out-of-school problems should be solved in the school, and extra-curricular problems should be solved in the class. The school must make comprehensive efforts in party building, curriculum, teaching, homework, after-school services, and management." Zhou Jianhua said.
"The'double reduction' is essentially the full implementation of the party's educational policy and the pursuit of high-quality education." Dou Guimei, principal of the primary school affiliated to Tsinghua University, believes that on the one hand, we must step on the "brake" and remove students from the heavy homework and extracurricular training in the past. Freed from the burden, on the other hand, we must step on the "throttle" for the iteration of school education, reconstruct a high-quality school life that fully implements children's quality education, and guide students to learn to learn, learn to do things, learn to live together, and learn to be a person.
Changes are taking place on campus.
In the primary school affiliated to Tsinghua University, more than 70 "1+X" courses have been opened every semester for more than ten years, which are available to all students in the school. After the implementation of "double reduction", it has become more and more popular with parents and students.
More and more children begin to use their spare time, or engage in housework within their capacity, or go outdoors for physical exercise, or pick up extracurricular books, pick up paintbrushes, check in bookstores, museums, etc., to invest in a broader world of interest.
Liu Yixuan, a student in Class 7 of the third grade of Beijing No. 8 Middle School, is pleased with this change: "In the new semester, the training classes that once bloomed everywhere have died down. The phenomenon of'crazy supplementary lessons' has cooled down, and the cheers of the students are reappearing in the park. With laughter and footprints, campus life has also been completely renewed. Increase in school physical exercise time and provide more humane after-school services..."
Liu Yixuan said with deep feeling that the "double reduction" reduced the stereotyped "small classrooms", and in exchange it was the social classrooms.
"Students are immersed in homework all day, lack of sleep, lack of exercise, and decline in physical fitness. Without time to go to nature and society, it will be difficult to understand the world and society, and they will lack broad vision, rich knowledge and innovative thinking. "Double reduction" has changed the stereotyped teaching concepts and models in the past, and changed the eager attitude of education. Only when students sleep more adequately, exercise more adequately, healthier physically and mentally, live more autonomously, and learn more happily, can quality education be possible. Really realized."