A small flea, the picture is magnified and described as terrible.

Below it, there are six lines of Japanese-six chilling bacteriological names: Yersinia pestis, cholera, paratyphoid, typhoid, dysentery, and anthracnose.

The background of venomous insects and vicious diseases is a blast of fire.

　　On the left side of this picture, there is a short screenshot of a Japanese battle report, which contains multiple place names: Guangfeng, Yushan, Changshan, Quxian, Lishui... The name of the battle is numbered in Japanese with "ホ", and there are also numbers in the battle report. Multiple murderous words: poisoning, desiccated fungus, mouse-flea-human infection.

　　These two pictures were published on the cover of a painful history of the War of Resistance Against Japan.

This painful history is the "Bacterial Warfare of the Japanese Invaders in China in Lishui (1942-1944)" with more than 410,000 words.

　　Among them are retired cadres, teachers from party schools in colleges and universities, staff from the archives department, health department and news units, and many villagers.

　　The epidemic hits

　　Lishui, Zhejiang, was called Chuzhou in ancient times. It was built in the Sui Dynasty. In 2000, it was withdrawn to establish a city. Its city area occupies about one-sixth of the land area of ​​Zhejiang Province.

The Wuyi Mountain extends from Fujian to the northeast, enters Zhejiang, and turns into a ridge of mountains of Xianxialing, Donggong Mountain, and Kuocang Mountain.

The mountain streams rushed and merged into the Oujiang River, the second largest river in Zhejiang, thus forming the geographical pattern of "Nine Mountains, Half Water and Half Field" in Lishui.

The Ou River runs through the entire territory of Lishui, and flows into the East China Sea in the lower reaches of Wenzhou.

　　Because of the suitable location, after the fall of Hangzhou at the end of 1937, the Zhejiang Provincial Government and its affiliated institutions moved to Lishui, and many schools in Zhejiang also moved in. Zhejiang University set up a branch in Longquan County until the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan. .

At that time, Lishui was the political, economic, and military center of the province's war of resistance. In April 1939, Zhou Enlai visited Lishui as the Deputy Minister of the Political Department of the Military Committee of the Nationalist Government.

　　Lishui also owns a military airport and is an important air force base in the southeast coast of China.

Because of this, Lishui City, surrounded by mountains and rivers, became the target of Japanese attacks.

According to the "Crime History of Japanese Aggression Against Zhejiang" compiled by the former Party History Research Office of the Zhejiang Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, Lishui is one of the most severely bombed areas in Zhejiang Province by Japanese planes. According to incomplete statistics, all counties in Lishui have been bombed in 8 years. More than 450 times, of which Lishui County (where the city is located today) was bombed 365 times.

From June to August 1942, and from August to September 1944, the Japanese army captured the county seat of Lishui County twice.

In the meantime, the Japanese army burned, killed and looted, and the crimes were endless.

　　The two fall of Lishui were all related to the offensive of the US forces in the Pacific.

In 1942, the Japanese mainland was attacked by the US Dulit Air Force. The Japanese army launched the Zhe-Kan Campaign for fear that the US military would use multiple airports in eastern China to attack Japan. The invasion of Lishui was a coordinated operation.

In 1944, the Japanese army was defeated and defeated repeatedly in the Pacific battlefield, resulting in the interruption of the maritime communication between the Japanese mainland and the Southeast Asian Japanese army. For this reason, the Japanese army launched the "No. The mainland line of communication, and the invasion of Lishui and Wenzhou was also a coordinated operation.

　　In the two fall, Lishui not only experienced a rain of bullets, but also a vicious epidemic.

The Japanese Kwantung Army Unit 731 and the "Sheng" Unit 1644 of the "Central China Dispatching Army" carried out bacterial warfare in the local area that seriously violated international public law, and plague, anthrax, typhoid and other epidemics were rampant.

　　The picture of the battle report on the cover of "The Germ Warfare of the Japanese Invaders in Lishui (1942-1944)" is from the battle log of Kumao Imoto, the combat staff of the Japanese "Chinese Dispatch Army" headquarters.

This log was not discovered by Japanese scholars until 1993.

In Volume 9, Imoto wrote down the Kwantung Army’s staff officer Yoshiro Yamamoto’s explanation of the germ warfare on September 18, 1940: “In the case of extensive use of diluted ammunition and a small number of spreads and a large concentration, the latter chose Wenzhou as the target (Taizhou , Wenzhou, Lishui)......"

　　The Japanese army carried out the germ warfare against Lishui even earlier, at least as far back as 1940. The local epidemic continued until after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War and before the founding of New China.

According to the survey of the Historical Data Research Association of Victims of the Bacteriological Warfare of the Japanese Invaders in Lishui City, from 1942 to 1947, there were 1926 plague casualties in Lishui County (now Lishui City Liandu District).

In Lishui city, there are at least 15,000 victims of the germ warfare.

　　Family hatred

　　"There are 5 people in my family who have been infected with the plague. Grandmother, aunt, aunt, cousin and cousin, only my aunt was cured by my uncle and grandfather." The editor-in-chief of "The Japanese Invaders Bacteria War in Lishui (1942-1944)", Lishui City Lian Zhuang Qijian, a villager in Liguang Village in the Capital District, told reporters, “I went to the grave when I was a child, and my father often told me about that period of history.”

　　Zhuang Qijian, born in early 1948, was a high school graduate of Lishui Middle School in 1966. After the "Cultural Revolution" broke out, he returned to his hometown to work as a farmer. In his words, "the college entrance examination was about to come in ten days."

His grandfather, Zhuang Yuqing, had been admitted as a talented scholar, and he had practiced medicine in Ningbo, Hangzhou, and Shanghai for a long time, and taught at a medical university in Shanghai.

　　"In the spring of 1945, my cousin Zhuang Qixing died of plague. On August 29, 1946, grandma Zhuang Dai was in the room with the soles of shoes, suddenly a mouse ran past his feet, and then found that he was stung by fleas on his thigh. One packet, the high fever did not go away soon. Uncle father diagnosed the plague, first took Chinese medicine to grandma, and then injected with serum injection, but the next evening, grandma passed away. My aunt came to visit the disease, was also infected, but also Fortunately, Uncle Gong was healed."

　　"My family was living in Taipingfang, in the center of Lishui City, where there was an'old man's corner'. In the 1980s, the old people talked about how fierce the Japanese were, and they also said that the plague that was popular at the time was caused by the Japanese. Yes. So when I was doing business in Yiwu in 1997, I heard that the Japanese army had set up a plaintiff group for Chinese victims of bacterial warfare, and I immediately thought of the situation in Lishui."

　　In 1997, Zhuang Qijian met Xu Junlong, a junior high school classmate who worked in the local foreign affairs department, on the street.

Xu Junlong told him that a group of friendly Japanese people would come to investigate the historical facts of the bacterial warfare of the Japanese army, and Zhuang Qijian volunteered to participate in the preliminary investigation of historical materials.

　　"I remember the first stop was to Baiqian Village, Liancheng Town. There was an old man named Zhan Bingliang, who was 84 years old and used to be the principal of the local Baishan Primary School. Soon after the school started in the autumn of 1940, the school broke out with an epidemic. The two sons of school teacher Lu Youtong fell ill at the same time, and both died one week later. The person who bought the first coffin has not yet arrived in the store, and the people behind have caught up again, saying that they will buy another one..."

　　To this day, Zhuang Qijian still remembers the little tombs of the little brothers who have fate, and the tombstones still have the words "Chao Jun Chao Lin (Republic of China) 29th Autumn Li" on the tombstone.

"Lao Zhan told me that the fathers of the two brothers went back to their hometown of Jinyunhu Town not long after, and he never came back later."

　　On December 25, 1997, a group of 8 people from the Japanese civil peace organization "Japanese Army Germ Warfare Exposure Meeting" came to Lishui. Zhuang Qijian participated in the discussion as the victim's family and investigator and provided investigation materials.

At the same time, the "Association of Lishui Victims of the Bacteriological Warfare of the Japanese Invaders in China" began to be established.

"After seeing the information provided by friendly Japanese people, we knew that the Japanese army had carried out a germ warfare against Lishui twice, and we also understood why the Japanese in the memories of those old people were so vicious."

　　Zhuang Qijian said that the old people were frightened when they heard about the Japanese invasion.

They would think of air raid warnings and plane bombings, saying that they didn't know if they could survive.

Every time we remember, everyone will stroke their chests and sigh: "Scared to death, scared to death..."

　　Remember the history

　　From mid-December 1998 to early January of the following year, the "Bacterial Warfare Crimes of Japanese Invaders Unit 731" caused a sensation in Lishui, and many villagers also rushed from the countryside to the city to watch it.

It gets dark early in winter, and everybody stays up and down in front of the exhibition board.

　　"In 1998, we contacted the Chinese Victims of the Japanese Army's germ warfare litigation team in Yiwu. In November, we went to Yiwu to participate in a memorial service. I proposed at the meeting that we could send the 731 Unit germ warfare crime exhibition board overseas. Get the Lishui exhibition." Zhuang Qijian recalled.

　　"Lao Zhuang is very serious and can also do literary work. Therefore, in 2000, the representatives of the plaintiffs from various places unanimously decided to invite him to serve as the deputy secretary-general of the plaintiffs regiment." At the time, the head of the plaintiff regiment and the Zhejiang Provincial Historical Society Research on the History of the War of Resistance Against Japan Branch Chairman Wang Xuan recalled that Yiwu and Changde had formed a plaintiff team in 1997, but Lishui could not catch up with the lawsuit. “I told Lao Zhuang at that time that I hope they can clarify the relevant historical facts of Lishui and solve the problem. Be solid."

　　In 1999, Lishui’s germ warfare victims and their families, veterans of the New Fourth Army Research Association of Lishui Prefecture, and local volunteers formed an investigation meeting and traveled throughout Lishui’s urban and rural areas.

Beginning in August 2013, Lishui City Archives and other departments have initiated the work of establishing oral records for nearly 200 germ warfare survivors in the city.

In 2015, the Lishui City Research Association of Historical Materials for Victims of the Bacteriological Warfare of the Japanese Invaders in China was established with the approval of the Civil Affairs Department.

　　“Many of the volunteers at the time were already old people, but they worked hard to investigate from house to house.” Zhuang Qijian remembered a series of names. Back then, he went to Fuling Township to find Liu Lantu; when he went to Bihu Town, he could contact Tang Yiyou; Chengguan Town. The old man Yan Jinwen, a veteran of the Anti-Japanese War, was still thinking about investigative work when he was over a hundred years old; Hu Leixiang, a retired teacher who personally experienced the Small Watergate Plague during the Anti-Japanese War, found all the original residents who moved after the old city reconstruction...

　　"There are still some rural volunteers who are the offspring of the victims. Every time they receive a notice, they immediately put aside their farm work and come to the city for meetings. The travel expenses are paid by themselves. They investigate through the elderly associations in the villages, and the effect is very good. "Zhuang Qijian said that the investigation work at the time was thanks to these native volunteers, and there were also many volunteers on the editorial board of this book.

Wang Xuan also said that the most valuable thing is the folk history survey in the book.

　　"Our investigation is very solid." Zhuang Qijian's bookshelf was filled with historical books and investigation materials. He pulled out a copy of "Compilation of Questionnaires for Survivors of the Bacteriological Warfare of Japanese Invaders in Lishui City": on every questionnaire, there are Post a photo of the survivor, fill in the age, gender, education level, ID number, address, contact person, as well as the infection situation, medical treatment situation, sequelae, and the simultaneous infection of family members, relatives, neighbors, and others The situation, as well as the signatures and fingerprints of the survivors... "We also videotaped the survivors at the time, hoping that they could retain their personal experiences when they were alive."

　　The first draft of "Bacteriological Warfare by Japanese Invaders in China (1942-1944)" was completed in 2002 and published this year by Zhejiang Ancient Books Publishing House. More than 100 oral histories of witnesses and survivors are included in the book.

Zhuang Qijian said that with such a long publication cycle, on the one hand, it is necessary to continuously enrich historical materials. Many historical materials were collected outside the city, provinces, and even Japan. On the other hand, they are also raising funds.

"Later, Wang Xuan made a match and contacted the Memorial Hall of the Victims of the Nanjing Massacre by the Japanese Invaders and the National Institute of Memory and International Peace. They funded part of the publication funds."

　　"In fact, there are many people behind our investigation work. Many Chinese and Japanese scholars have come to Lishui to investigate with us, and there are also many university student volunteers. Everyone hopes to record this painful history. , To show future generations.” The end of "The Germ Warfare of Japanese Invaders in China in Lishui (1942-1944)" counted the memorabilia of civil investigation work from 1997 to 2020. Zhuang Qijian said that this is also a piece of history.

　　Today, Zhuang Qijian is the president of the Historical Data Research Association of Victims of the Bacteriological Warfare of the Japanese Invaders in China in Lishui City.

With his beard and hair graying out, his greatest wish is to have more young forces join the investigation work.