Wild boars can be hunted and killed at will after they are deleted from the "Three Haves" list?

Expert: still the object of protection

  The wild boar may lose the "amulet" of the "three possessions" terrestrial wild animals, but this does not mean that the folks can hunt and kill them at will?

Experts believe that it can only be planned hunting. In fact, wild boars are still protected, and neither private hunting nor the consumption of wild boar will be allowed.

  On December 12, The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) learned from the State Forestry and Grassland Administration that the State Forestry and Grassland Administration recently released the "List of Terrestrial Wild Animals with Important Ecological, Scientific, and Social Values ​​(Draft for Comment) )", in the opinion draft, wild boars that were listed in the "Nationally Protected List of Terrestrial Wild Animals with Important Economic and Scientific Values" in 2000 have been deleted.

  The opinion draft stated that this list adjustment, with scientific assessment of the ecological, scientific, and social values ​​of terrestrial wildlife species as the core, and full consideration of various factors such as population dynamics, threats, and social concerns, puts forward the basic principles of list adjustment: 1. It is to insist on giving priority to ecology; the second is to maintain the needs of scientific research; the third is to benefit social development.

20 years of conflict between humans and pigs: 14 provinces began to control wild boar hazards

  After wild boars were included in the "Three Haves" protection list in 2000, even if they encountered wild boars that destroyed crops or even injured people, they had no choice but to drive them away instead of killing them at will.

  Will this embarrassing situation be broken by the plan to remove wild boars from the "Three Haves" list this time?

  Recently, wild boars have been flooded in many parts of the country. News about the planned killing of wild boars organized by local private hunting teams has continued to be searched, and the issue of human (wild) pig conflict has received unprecedented attention.

  According to media reports, wild boars from Jiangsu not only approached the scenic spot, but also broke into the campus, and wild boars from Guizhou took to the streets and entered clothing stores.

In Sichuan, wild boars not only damage a large number of crops, but from time to time there are reports that wild boars hurt people and even cause deaths.

The wild boar has become the wild animal with the widest range of damage and the most serious losses in China.

  According to previous reports by The Paper, there are two main reasons for the proliferation of wild boars. The first is that in 1996, after the implementation of my country’s "Firearms Management Law", citizens were prohibited from illegally possessing guns and ammunition. It rarely happens.

Secondly, wild boars reproduce faster. They usually produce two litters a year, with 5 to 10 litters. In addition, there are not many large carnivores, and wild boars have fewer natural enemies. The population of wild boars recovers faster than other wild animals. .

At present, it is no longer possible to rely on natural balance to control the population of wild boars, so wild boars are flooding in local areas.

  Wild boars were excluded from the "Three Haves" Wildlife Protection List before the release of the draft opinions. Wait for 14 provinces (regions) to launch comprehensive pilot projects for the prevention and control of wild boar hazards.

The prevention and control of the hazards of wild boars and other wild animals will be included in the assessment scope of the forest head system and will be included in the assessment scope of "Safe China".

Civilian hunting teams have been set up in Tongjiang, Jiangyou, Sichuan and other places to start hunting wild boars in a planned way.

Experts and scholars: clear legal obstacles for continuous regulation

  Wild boars were deleted from the draft of the National Forestry and Grass Administration's "Three Haves" Terrestrial Wildlife List. Guo Gang, a lawyer in Chengdu, believes that this is a legal obstacle to the continuous regulation of wild boar populations in the future.

Dr. Quanhui Sun, a scientist from the World Animal Protection Association, told The Paper that he also believes that with the improvement of the ecological environment in recent years and the natural restoration of many wild animal populations, such regulation will continue.

  Sun Quanhui said that this is a good sign that the ecological environment protection has indeed achieved good results, and the wild boar is only one of the fastest recovering species.

He said that in 1949, there were probably more than 2 million wild boars in the country, but there was no wildlife protection law at that time. Until 1989, my country's first wildlife protection law was promulgated.

In this process, the number of wild boars has dropped sharply. At the same time, the development and utilization of wild animal habitats by humans has not stopped. In many places, wild boars have actually been partially extinct.

  Sun Quanhui said that now it seems that conflicts between people and wild boars are more obvious in some places, but China is such a big country, and the situation in different places is different. There may be flooding in some places, and some places have not reached the point of seriousness, and it cannot be "one size fits all."

He said that if the time scale is extended to 50 years or even 100 years ago, there may not be many wild boars now.

Now it seems that they often enter human territories. In fact, these places may have been where they lived before. People have gone and their numbers have decreased. Now the populations have recovered and returned.

  He said that if a wild animal population is too large, it must be killed. The main reason is whether its population exceeds the carrying capacity of the environment. If it exceeds the carrying capacity, it may lead to the spread of pathogens and severe damage to the ecological environment. Under the circumstances, manual intervention is a kind of protection in itself.

  But this kind of intervention must be based on science, first of all it depends on its sex ratio, reproductive rate, mortality, etc. in the wild. Only with this basic information can we formulate the most effective management measures.

From the perspective of the role of the ecosystem, it is best to let nature play a regulatory role, but this process is very slow.

  Sun Quanhui said that even if wild boars are deleted from the "Three Yous" list, people will not be allowed to hunt wild boars freely.

Especially when illegal poaching still exists, if legal hunting is allowed, the challenge of wildlife protection will be even more severe.

Maybe in the next few decades, hundreds of years, our wild animal population will be large enough to open up.

  Although hunting is possible in some other countries, the national conditions are different.

Take the United States, for example, their land area is about the same as China's, but their population density is very small.

Therefore, some protected areas can have part of the hunting economic income each year, and these incomes are also used for wildlife protection.

Moreover, after years of monitoring of wild animal populations, planned hunting is based on the annual natural growth, death, and harvest that will not affect the natural growth of wild animals.

Human germs are mostly related to animals

  At present, the list of "Three Haves" Terrestrial Wildlife Protected Animals is to delete wild boars or just an opinion draft, and has not yet been finalized.

Even if it is finally passed, it will involve the introduction of some related supporting measures.

For example: if the wild boar population is hunted in a planned way, who will execute it, how it will be carried out, and how to deal with the wild boar after the hunting needs more clear regulations.

  Sun Quanhui believes that wild animals after hunting should be banned from eating.

At present, wild animals recognized by the scientific community carry a large number of unknown bacteria, viruses, and microbes. 75% of new infectious diseases come from animals, including wild animals, domestic livestock, wild animals, and humans. There is a protection mechanism. Under normal circumstances, their viruses will not spread to people across borders.

Because they have their own habitat and space for activity.

  He said that in the past few decades and hundreds of years, more and more pathogens have been transmitted by animals to humans, and to a large extent humans have broken this boundary.

For example, the process of capturing, eating, using, and transporting wild animals caused cross-border transmission, and finally spread in human society. This trend and risk are constantly increasing.

However, this does not mean that if you eat bats, civet cats, and wild boars once, such cross-border transmission will occur. It usually requires a carrier to pass through a species and then mutate and then spread to humans. Viruses are older than humans, and their survival The strategy is to constantly mutate and find a new host.

Therefore, human wild animals are to protect themselves, and their living environment is our living environment.

  Zhu Li from Sichuan Agricultural University said that people who grew up in the mountains of the southwestern region, who were born before the 1970s, should have eaten wild boar, but the taste is really not good and the risk of eating is still high.

He said that domestic animals have controlled their environment and their quality is relatively guaranteed. For example, the chances of infection by parasites, germs, and plague are definitely lower, but wild boars that grow up in the wild cannot guarantee it.

It is now clear that wild boar can spread African swine fever.

He said that last time it was Spanish wild boar that spread African swine fever to several neighboring countries.

Therefore, he believes that some people's habit of thinking that game is a good thing should also be eradicated.

The Paper, journalist Xu Hui, intern Lin Yaxuan