□ Our reporter Yan Jianrong

  Recently, 10 ministries and commissions including the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the governments of 7 provinces (cities) including Beijing and Hebei Province have jointly issued the "Autumn and Winter Air Pollution Control Plan for 2021-2022" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"). Detailed arrangements have been made for air pollution prevention and control in key areas such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and surrounding areas this winter and next spring.

  The "Opinions on Deepening the Battle of Pollution Prevention and Control" (hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions") issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council clearly requires that by 2025, the PM2.5 concentration in cities at prefecture-level and above will drop by 10%, and the ratio of days with good air quality will reach 87.5%, heavy pollution weather was basically eliminated.

  With the introduction of these two heavyweight documents, the "14th Five-Year" blue sky defense battle has been fully launched.

The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment pointed out that this year’s tackling action will focus on heavily polluted weather that the people have reported strongly, with the main goals of reducing heavy polluted weather and reducing PM2.5 concentration, continue to carry out supervision and assistance in key areas, and severely punish malicious people. Illegal.

  Air quality has improved significantly

  Heavy pollution still occurs from time to time

  At the end of 2020, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment announced that the 9 binding indicators and the phased goals and tasks of the pollution prevention and control battle determined in the "13th Five-Year Plan" have been over fulfilled, and the three major defense battles of blue sky, clear water and pure land have achieved important results.

The person in charge said that the five years of the "13th Five-Year Plan" are the five years in which my country has achieved the greatest effect in ecological environmental protection and the development of ecological environmental protection undertakings so far, and the people's sense of ecological environment has been significantly enhanced.

  Among them, the blue sky defense warfare is particularly effective.

"Blue sky, white clouds and twinkling stars are becoming normal. my country has gone through the air governance process of developed countries for more than ten or even 30 years in only about 7 years." said Wang Jinnan, president of the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, 2013 From 2020 to 2020, the concentration of PM2.5 in the first 74 cities in my country that implement the new air quality standards will drop by 48.6%, the ratio of good days will rise by 17.9%, and the number of days with heavy pollution will drop by more than 80%.

However, the improvement of my country's ecological environment quality at the current stage is still a medium-to-low level improvement. The turning point from quantitative change to qualitative change has not yet arrived, and the overall air quality has not yet got rid of the "weather-influenced type".

  Liu Bingjiang, Director of the Department of Atmospheric Environment of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, introduced that in 2020 there will still be 125 cities in the country where the annual average concentration of PM2.5 exceeds the standard, and PM2.5 pollution has not yet been fundamentally controlled; the ozone concentration is slowly increasing and has become second only to PM2.5 is an important factor affecting air quality.

Under adverse weather conditions, heavy pollution weather still occurs from time to time.

  Liu Bingjiang said that geographically, nearly half of the country’s heavy pollution days in 2020 will occur in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and surrounding areas, the Fenwei Plain and the Yangtze River Delta. It is an important reason for the high proportion of heavily polluted weather.

In terms of time period, most of the heavily polluted weather is concentrated in autumn and winter (October 1st to March 31st of the following year). The fall and winter diffusion conditions are combined with heating pollution emissions, which makes the occurrence of heavy polluted weather more frequent.

  Take multiple measures to reduce emissions scientifically

  Ensure that the plan is effective

  The autumn and winter of each year are not only the seasons for high incidence of air pollution, but also the critical moment for air pollution prevention and control.

With the current situation of air pollution prevention and control still severe, how to fight the blue sky defense during the 14th Five-Year Plan is of utmost importance.

  The "Plan" stated that the goal of air pollution prevention and control in the autumn and winter of 2021-2022 is to reduce heavily polluted weather and reduce the concentration of PM2.5. It also clarifies the air quality improvement goals for the autumn and winter of 2021-2022 in all relevant cities in 7 provinces (cities) including Beijing. , Requires the concentration of PM2.5 in Beijing to be controlled at 45.3 micrograms/cubic meter, and the number of days with severe pollution and above must be controlled within 6 days.

  According to the requirements of the "Plan", the Ministry of Ecology and Environment has made comprehensive arrangements in terms of scientific emission reduction, keeping the "data lifeline", and continuing to carry out air quality supervision and assistance in key areas. This combination will ensure that the "plan" is effective.

  Wu Xianfeng, deputy director of the Department of Atmospheric Environment of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said that this year will resolutely curb the blind development of the "two highs" projects, implement the relevant requirements of the steel industry to reduce production, and actively and steadily implement 10 key tasks such as the management of loose coal.

"When severely polluted weather occurs, we require localities to initiate early warnings in accordance with the already formulated emergency plans for severely polluted weather. The level should be activated at any level; continue to implement performance grading and differentiated emission reduction measures for key industries, rather than extensively. Engage in suspending production to minimize the interference to the normal production of the enterprise."

  Wu Xianfeng said that the "Plan" proposed for the first time to implement staggered production in the steel industry in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and surrounding areas. There must be more staggered peaks, and it is not allowed for all companies to engage in egalitarianism regardless of the level of environmental protection performance."

  To keep the "data lifeline", Liu Shusheng, the first-level inspector of the Ecological Environment Monitoring Department, introduced that starting this year, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment will carry out air quality in 339 prefecture-level and above cities across the country in accordance with 1,734 state-controlled stations during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period. Monitoring evaluation, ranking and assessment, and real-time release of 6 indicator monitoring data of all state-controlled sites.

  Li Tianwei, Inspector of the Law Enforcement Bureau of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said that starting from 2017, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment has coordinated the entire system of ecological environment law enforcement teams and backbone forces, and creatively organized and implemented atmospheric supervision and assistance in key areas.

Through the investigation of more than 40 key special tasks, a total of 284,000 problems were found in localities, the air pollution environmental problems in key areas were fully understood, a large number of air-related environmental problems were solved, and the "13th Five-Year Plan" pollution was fully guaranteed. The goal of the prevention and control battle was successfully completed.

  Li Tianwei said that the Ministry of Ecology and Environment will adhere to precise, scientific, and legal pollution control; adhere to the same direction and strength, anchor the goal of air quality improvement, especially the goal of basically eliminating heavy pollution weather, and continue to organize in key areas Carry out supervision and assistance work to promote the prevention and control of air pollution in key areas of the "14th Five-Year Plan" to make a good start.

  Learn from previous successful experiences

  Strengthen supervision and control pollution according to law

  The "Plan" pointed out that this year's autumn and winter air pollution comprehensive control action will be a key measure in the "14th Five-Year Plan" to fight the blue sky defense war and eliminate the heavy pollution weather.

  "In previous years, the key areas of the attack were the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas, the Fenwei Plain and the Yangtze River Delta. There were a total of 80 cities at prefecture-level and above. The 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta region have been basically eliminated due to heavy pollution. Except for the remaining 7 cities in northern Jiangsu and northern Anhui for reference, other cities are no longer included in the scope of the fortification." Wu Xianfeng said in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas, Fen On the basis of 39 cities in the Wei Plain, this year's tackling action will increase 3 cities in northern Hebei, 3 cities in northwestern Shanxi, 6 cities in southeastern Shandong, and 8 cities in southern Henan, for a total of 20 cities.

  The "Plan" puts forward that it is necessary to learn from the successful experience of previous autumn and winter tackling actions to avoid problems such as inaction and deregulation.

  “During the autumn and winter, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment will report on the improvement of air quality in various regions every month; for cities where the quarterly air quality improvement does not meet the target tasks, the progress of key tasks is slow, and the air quality index (AQI) continues to "explode", the next Issue an early warning notification letter; for cities that fail to complete the final air quality improvement goals or whose key tasks are progressing slowly, openly interview the main government officials. If tampering or falsification of monitoring data is found, the assessment result will be directly deemed as unqualified, and the results will be determined in accordance with the law Investigate responsibilities in accordance with disciplines.” The “Plan” proposes that, in conjunction with the second round of central ecological and environmental protection inspection work arrangements, the ineffective implementation of key tasks for comprehensive control of air pollution in autumn and winter and outstanding environmental problems will be included in the central ecological environmental protection inspection category.

Carry out special inspections for areas with serious problems depending on the situation.

  Wu Xianfeng said that in accordance with the new problems faced in the process of air pollution control, this year's "Plan" has made some targeted adjustments to emphasize precise pollution control, scientific pollution control and pollution control in accordance with the law, and resolutely oppose "one size fits all."

In response to the "plan" set forth in the "59 cities to control the concentration of PM2.5, but also to complete the number of days of heavy pollution", the Ministry of Ecology and Environment clearly requires that the local government must resolutely prevent the implementation of the target task to stop before the talk, all shut down. Such perfunctory response and temporary measures.

At the same time, we must ensure that the people live warmly through the winter.