Important documents on aging work are released again. What urgent and worrying issues are expected to be resolved?
Important documents on aging work are released again after 21 years
On November 24, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Opinions on Strengthening the Work on Aging in the New Era".
my country has entered a society with an aging population since 1999. By the end of 2020, the number of people aged 60 and over in my country has reached 264 million, accounting for 18.7% of the total population. my country is rapidly moving towards a moderately aging society.
So what are the highlights of this document issued today?
What kind of urgent and worrying problems can be solved for the elderly in the future?
In this "Opinions on Strengthening Work on Aging in the New Era", a new highlight is summarized as follows: a positive outlook on aging and healthy aging.
The "Opinions" propose to strengthen the party's overall leadership over aging work, adhere to the people-centered approach, and implement a national strategy to actively respond to population aging.
Wang Haidong, Director of the Department of Aging Health of the National Health and Health Commission: This document has a new highlight, which is to emphasize active aging and healthy aging.
We must take a positive view of the aging society, take a positive view of the elderly, and take a positive view of the life of the elderly.
We can't just look at aging as pressure and burden, it also contains new development potential and new development space.
For example, it can give birth to new business formats, new industries, and new development momentum.
Healthy aging is a key to coping with the aging of the population, and health is the prerequisite and foundation for every elderly person to live independently and participate in society.
Promote the gathering of high-quality resources around the homes and homes of the elderly
The "Opinions" emphasized that the government should give full play to the leading role of the government in advancing the development of the cause of aging, and it is necessary to promote the gathering of high-quality resources around, home and around the elderly.
Give full play to the role of market mechanisms and provide diversified products and services.
Pay attention to the role of family care and personal self-care, and form a new situation in which multiple subjects share responsibilities, respond to aging risks in tiers, and everyone participates in aging businesses.
Build an old-age service system and a health support system that coordinate home and community institutions and combine medical care and health care, vigorously develop inclusive old-age care services, and promote the balanced allocation of resources.
Efforts should be made to ensure that the elderly have security, medical care, accomplishment, learning, and happiness, so that the elderly can share the fruits of reform and development and enjoy a happy old age.
How can more than 90% of the elderly care for the elderly in the home community more comfortably?
As of the end of 2020, there were a total of 8.21 million elderly care beds of various types across the country, and there were 31.1 elderly care beds per 1,000 elderly people.
However, the survey shows that only about 3% of the elderly in our country live in institutions to provide for them.
About 90% of the elderly care at home, and about 7% of the elderly rely on community care.
In other words, in our country, the vast majority of the elderly care for the elderly at home or in the community.
So, in this "Opinion", how to innovate the service model in the future to make home and community elderly care more comfortable?
Wang Haidong, Director of the Department of Aging Health of the National Health and Health Commission: Therefore, our future elderly care work will focus on the home and the community. We must vigorously strengthen the supply of home and community elderly care services, and build a 15-minute elderly care service circle.
Let the elderly live at home to improve accessibility and services.
What kind of services are provided in the 15-minute elderly care service circle?
The "Opinions" emphasized that efforts should be made to develop a two-level elderly care service network in the streets (townships) and urban and rural communities, and rely on the community to develop diversified home-based elderly care services.
The local government is responsible for exploring and promoting the establishment of a model for professional institutions to extend services to communities and families.
Sub-district communities are responsible for introducing professional institutions that serve the elderly such as catering and cleaning, and community organizations should introduce relevant nursing professional institutions to carry out home care for the elderly.
The government must cultivate professional institutions that serve the elderly, guide their standardized development, and guide them to provide sustained and stable services in accordance with the principle of guaranteed and meager profit.
Give full play to the role of community party organizations, explore the "community + property + elderly care service" model, and increase the effective supply of home community elderly care services.
In conjunction with the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, strengthen the construction of rural elderly care service institutions and facilities, and encourage the development of mutual aid elderly services based on village-level neighborhood mutual aid points and rural happiness homes.
Establish a basic inventory system to classify and provide suitable elderly care services
The "Opinions" require that all localities formulate a list of basic old-age services based on financial affordability, and provide appropriate services such as old-age security, life care, rehabilitation care, and social assistance for different elderly groups such as health, disability, and financial difficulties.
Wang Haidong, Director of the Department of Aging and Health of the National Health and Health Commission: The formulation of a basic elderly care service list system reflects the government's functional role in protecting the bottom line.
(The first is to provide the required and appropriate elderly care services for different elderly people, and the second is to formulate the target objects, standard content and expenditure responsibilities of basic public services in order to better provide basic elderly care services for the elderly. service.
Mutual recognition of the results of the establishment of the elderly ability assessment system across departments
The prerequisite for establishing the list of basic elderly care services is to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the abilities of the elderly, so as to determine the service items and subsidy standards that the elderly need.
The "Opinions" require that by the end of 2022, a comprehensive assessment system for the ability of the elderly should be established, and the assessment results will be recognized across departments across the country.
Du Peng, vice president of Renmin University of China: For example, if we want to develop home care in the community, we must establish a list of basic care services at this time. The list contains subsidies for the disabled and needs of the elderly.
The prerequisite at this time is to establish a basic disability or self-care ability assessment; the second is to establish a long-term care insurance system, and the premise is also to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the abilities of the elderly, so that the elderly who need help the most receive greater support.
Strengthen old-age security and vigorously develop enterprise (occupational) annuities
How to further strengthen the old-age security for the elderly?
The "Opinions" pointed out that to expand the coverage of endowment insurance, improve the multi-level endowment security system, and vigorously develop enterprise (occupational) annuities.
The "Opinions" pointed out that the basic pension insurance statutory personnel will gradually be covered, and the national overall plan for the basic pension insurance for enterprise employees will be realized as soon as possible.
Improve the basic pension insurance benefit adjustment mechanism, guarantee the basic life of those receiving benefits, explore ways to increase the income of rural elderly people through asset income support systems, and promote and standardize the development of third-pillar pension insurance such as bank wealth management, commercial pension insurance, and funds that meet the requirements.
Vigorously develop enterprise (professional) annuities.
Enterprise annuity is a supplementary pension system, which refers to a supplementary pension insurance system established by enterprises and their employees on the basis of legally participating in basic pension insurance.
When an employee retires, according to the length of working years in the enterprise, a pension equivalent to a certain percentage of his/her salary during the period of employment shall be received from the handling agency.
Du Peng, Vice President of Renmin University of China: This time, I proposed to establish a mechanism for sharing multiple responsibilities, so that the risk of our future population aging peak can be partly borne by the enterprise.
This is in addition to the basic pension insurance paid by enterprises and employees, and is added to the enterprise annuity system, so that in the future, employees will have a higher level of protection in addition to the basic pension insurance.
How to solve the problem of long-term care services for the disabled elderly?
The "Opinions" proposes to strengthen the long-term care services for the disabled elderly, promote the pilot program of the long-term care insurance system, and effectively reduce the burden on the families of disabled elderly.
Liu Yuanli, Counselor of the State Council, President of the China Elderly Health Care Association: There are about 40 million disabled and semi-disabled elderly people in our country. Most of these elderly people are currently only looked after at home by family members who have not received any professional training, so we look forward to the "14th" During the "Five" period, it is necessary to speed up the establishment of assessments based on disability status and family economic capacity.
The dual-assessment long-term care basic social security system enables the elderly who are incapable of autonomy to receive timely other assistance.
Improve the service model to provide long-term care for the disabled elderly
The "Opinions" proposed to improve the long-term care service model from professional institutions to communities and homes.
In accordance with the relevant requirements of the implementation of the national basic public health service projects, carry out the health assessment and health services for the disabled elderly.
Relying on nursing institutions, community health service centers, township health centers and other medical and health institutions, as well as elderly care service institutions with service capabilities, provide long-term care services for disabled elderly people.
Develop "Internet + nursing services", and actively develop family pension beds and nursing-type pension beds to facilitate the care of disabled elderly people.
Steadily expand the trial of tranquility treatment.
We will steadily advance the pilot program of the long-term care insurance system, and actively explore the establishment of a long-term care insurance system suitable for my country's national conditions.
Promote the social participation of the elderly and encourage their continued functioning
How to promote the social participation of the elderly and encourage them to continue to play a role?
The "Opinions" proposes to promote the social participation of the elderly, incorporate the education of the elderly into the life-long education system, improve the quality of cultural and sports services for the elderly, guide the elderly to practice a positive outlook on aging, and realize that the elderly can learn, have fun, and have something to do .
The "Opinions" proposed that qualified colleges and vocational colleges are encouraged to open senior education-related majors and courses.
Relying on the National Open University to prepare for the establishment of the National University for the Elderly, and to build a national education resource sharing platform and public service platform for the elderly.
All localities should revitalize vacant houses, parks, shopping malls and other resources to support neighborhood communities to actively provide cultural and sports venues for the elderly to achieve the integration of entertainment, fitness, culture, learning, consumption, and communication for the elderly.
Wang Haidong, Director of the Department of Aging Health of the National Health and Health Commission: The overall quality of the elderly has been significantly improved, which is 5 percentage points higher than the proportion of seniors with a high school education level 10 years ago.
In addition, among the elderly population, more than half of the 60 to 69-year-olds are young people, reaching 56%. This is a new demographic change.
At the same time, the needs of the elderly have also changed. For example, higher requirements have been put forward for elderly care services, health services, spiritual and cultural life, and social participation.
Combining "Being for the Elderly" and "Being for the Elderly"
The "Opinions" require that "the elderly have something to do" and "the old have a sense of support" should be combined to give full play to the role of young people.
Explore flexible employment models suitable for the elderly.
Encourage localities to establish an information database for senior citizens, and provide job introduction, vocational skills training, and innovation and entrepreneurship guidance services for senior citizens who are willing to work.
Carry out "Silver Age Action" to comprehensively clean up unreasonable regulations
In-depth development of the "Silver Age Action" to guide the elderly to actively participate in grassroots democratic supervision, changing customs, and civil mediation activities in the form of voluntary services.
Completely clean up unreasonable regulations that prevent the elderly from continuing to play a role.
Develop the characteristic aging industry and actively cultivate the silver-haired economy
The "Opinions" put forward that all regions should be encouraged to develop characteristic aging industries with comparative advantages and actively cultivate a silver-haired economy.
Wang Haidong, Director of the Department of Aging Health of the National Health and Health Commission: One is to formulate a development plan for the aging industry and lead the development of the industry through the plan; the second is to vigorously develop an industry suitable for the elderly and provide better elderly products for the elderly service.
The "Opinions" proposed that all localities should promote the standardized development of the food, medicine and elderly products industries closely related to the lives of the elderly.
Enterprises and scientific research institutions should increase the R&D and manufacturing of products for the elderly, support the transformation of key technological achievements of products for the elderly, service innovation, and actively develop rehabilitation products suitable for the elderly to meet the needs of the elderly to improve their quality of life.
Encourage companies to set up special counters and experience stores that integrate online and offline services for the elderly.
Encourage commercial insurance institutions to develop health insurance products for the elderly under the premise of controllable risks and sustainable business.
Market supervision and other departments should strengthen supervision, severely crack down on illegal activities such as the production and sale of counterfeit and shoddy goods, safeguard the consumption rights of the elderly, and create a safe, convenient, and honest consumption environment.