my country's 129 million people suffer from diabetes, how to stay away from the "sweet burden"
People with potential diabetes risk need to pay attention to: test fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin at least once a year since the age of 40; try to avoid eating habits of heavy oil, heavy salt, and heavy sugar; exercise at least 150 minutes a week with a certain intensity; control weight , Body mass index (BMI) is 24 or below; avoid excessive mental stress and maintain a happy mood; avoid staying up late and ensure adequate sleep; quit smoking and strictly limit alcohol.
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Yang Kun is a "senior" diabetic patient with a "sugar age" of nearly 36 years.
In 1985, when he was only 9 years old, he was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.
In the 1980s, the public was less aware of diabetes, and the whole family learned about diabetes by buying books.
Recalling his childhood sugar control experience, Yang Kun said: "Urine sugar should be tested before three meals and before going to bed. 18 drops of Banjol solution plus two drops of urine, then burned with an alcohol lamp. After burning, judge the level of blood sugar based on the color. "He still remembers that when he was young, he used blue-core needles for insulin. For this reason, he often bought needles and sterilized these medical devices every week.
Nowadays, it is very easy for Yang Kun to inject insulin.
Under the guidance of the doctor, his blood sugar was basically controlled smoothly without complications.
Moreover, he has obtained diplomas in different majors from two universities, is also engaged in the public welfare undertakings of diabetes, established the Sugar Friends Mutual Aid Association, and founded a medical device company to provide employment opportunities for people with type 1 diabetes.
A few days ago, under the guidance of the Secretary Promotion Group of the Office of the Healthy China Action Promotion Committee and sponsored by China Family Newspaper, "Diabetes Health Management for Everyone"-2021 "Healthy China E Gets Up" United Nations Diabetes Day live broadcast event, Yang Kun shared himself s story.
my country is one of the countries with the fastest increase in the prevalence of diabetes in the world.
As one of the four chronic diseases that the "Healthy China Action (2019-2030)" focuses on prevention and control, diabetes has become an important chronic disease threatening human health.
Mao Qun’an, deputy director of the Office of the Healthy China Action Promotion Committee and director of the Department of Planning, Development and Informatization of the National Health Commission, emphasized that diabetes health management requires continuous efforts at the level of health education, to determine where the audience is, and the focus of publicity and education. Where is the foothold.
It is also necessary to continuously strengthen the construction of the medical and health service system, comprehensively promote the implementation of "Internet + medical and health" services at the grassroots level, fundamentally prevent the occurrence of various diabetes complications, and effectively improve the quality of life of patients.
Diabetes is related to obesity and overweight
Guo Lixin, chief physician of the Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, introduced that diabetes is a disorder of glucose metabolism caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
People often have misunderstandings about diabetes.
For example, people often say "Don't eat too much sugar, be careful to get diabetes." In fact, this statement lacks scientific basis.
There is no inevitable connection between eating sugar and diabetes, but long-term intake of sweet foods or sugary drinks can lead to overweight, obesity, and increase the risk of metabolic diseases.
Diabetes has a certain correlation with obesity and overweight. If you consume too much sugar for a long time, the probability of developing diabetes will be significantly higher than that of people who eat a healthy diet. Therefore, it is necessary to eat sugar well.
Another misunderstanding is that under the same conditions, people with a family history are more likely to develop diabetes than people without a family history, but this does not mean that they will definitely develop diabetes.
In addition to genetic factors, about 5%-10% of pre-diabetic patients in China will progress to diabetes every year. If they can eat a healthy diet, strengthen exercise, and properly and scientifically intervene through a healthy lifestyle. It is possible to delay or even avoid the occurrence of diabetes.
Guo Lixin said that for patients who have already suffered from diabetes, reasonable diet, scientific exercise, and management of blood sugar in accordance with doctor's advice, while paying attention to blood lipids and blood pressure, and controlling various metabolic abnormalities can reduce the occurrence of complications.
People with potential diabetes risk need to pay attention to: check fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin at least once a year from the age of 40; try to avoid the bad habits of heavy oil, heavy salt, and heavy sugar in diet; pay attention to exercise and do at least 150 minutes a week Exercise at a certain intensity; control body weight with a BMI of 24 or below; avoid excessive mental stress and maintain a happy mood; avoid staying up late and ensure adequate sleep; quit smoking and strictly limit alcohol.
"Patients with diabetes should consult a specialist on how to exercise. Cardiopulmonary function, exercise capacity, and exercise risk should be assessed before exercise. Patients with complications should follow the doctor's advice for lifestyle intervention." Guo Lixin said, for most diabetic patients, Exercise is beneficial to improve the body's ability to resist disease and help better control blood sugar.
However, exercise should not be carried out in the severe stage of complications, such as acute retinal hemorrhage, retinal detachment, frequent hypoglycemia, violent blood sugar fluctuations, diabetic foot combined with severe infection, severe cardiopulmonary disease, end-stage renal insufficiency, acute cerebrovascular Sickness etc.
Guo Lixin reminded him to prevent exercise-related hypoglycemia during and after exercise, especially the late hypoglycemia after exercise.
Exercise should be based on aerobic exercise, with resistance exercise (increasing muscle mass and muscle strength) and balance training according to the situation.
According to the situation, choose the exercise that you can persist, step by step, persevere, and pay attention to avoid sports injuries.
The family is the core unit for the prevention and management of diabetes
With the aging of the Chinese population and the process of urbanization, the incidence of diabetes continues to increase. There are 129 million people in China suffering from diabetes.
Although the management of diabetes still faces many challenges, from the perspective of clinicians, Ji Linong, director of the Endocrinology Department of Peking University People's Hospital, said that diabetes is a preventable, curable, and controllable disease, and the family is the core unit for the prevention and management of diabetes.
Ji Linong believes that to effectively prevent the occurrence of diabetes and do a good job of management, we must implement the "three-level prevention" policy.
Primary prevention refers to the development of health education among the general population, to increase the population’s awareness and participation in diabetes prevention, and to improve the overall awareness of diabetes prevention in the community; secondary prevention refers to screening diabetic patients from high-risk populations and timely health care Interventions, etc., and standardized management, so that their condition can be controlled; tertiary prevention is to comprehensively control type 2 diabetes, prevent disability or premature death caused by its complications, improve the quality of life and prolong life.
Ji Linong said that endocrinologists should strengthen the popularization of diabetes science for the general public, so that more people can improve their awareness of diabetes; they should give patients correct diabetes education, improve the comprehensive management of diabetes, so that diabetes patients can reduce or avoid complications.
In addition, it is necessary to respond to the grassroots subsidence strategy for chronic disease prevention and control, strengthen grassroots training, and improve the diabetes diagnosis and treatment capabilities of grassroots hospital doctors, including community doctors and family doctors, so that people can get professional chronic disease management at home.
Patients' demand for diabetes home care knowledge is increasing
"In the daily care of diabetic patients, the role of the family is very important." said Zhao Fang, director of the nursing department of the China-Japan Friendship Hospital: "In the family, we require patients to keep personal health records and guide their families to play a supervisory and supportive role. To help patients build confidence and resist bad emotions, the ultimate goal is to follow the doctor's advice to improve medication compliance, avoid or delay the occurrence and development of complications."
Fang Zhao always recommends that patients use blood glucose monitoring diaries at home.
It can not only record blood sugar changes, but more importantly, provide doctors with invisible problems and misunderstandings in home self-management.
"Diabetes needs lifelong management, and every diabetic patient may experience psychological resistance. In most cases, doctors can only judge the patient's blood sugar fluctuations, dietary changes, and resistance to medication at home based on the patient's vague description. If there is a detailed diary record, even a missed dose of a bad mood drug may affect the doctor's decision to adjust the treatment plan."
With the increase in the number of diabetic patients, the demand of patients for home care knowledge is increasing.
In recent years, the number of diabetes education clinics in major hospitals has increased.
"Insulin needles cannot be reused", "These parts can no longer be injected" and other problems that patients easily neglect, are often exposed in outpatient clinics.
Subcutaneous fat hyperplasia is a "rubber-like" lesion that thickens the subcutaneous tissue at the injection site after long-term insulin injection in diabetic patients.
Injecting insulin at the site of fat hyperplasia will cause decreased or unstable insulin absorption, increase blood sugar fluctuations, and increase the dose of insulin injection.
90% of patients think that they have adopted injection site rotation, but in fact they only rotate within the same site, and subcutaneous fat hyperplasia will also occur.
In addition, repeated use of needles is also very common in diabetic patients.
According to statistics, if the needle is used repeatedly once, the subcutaneous fat proliferation rate will increase by 20%, and the repeated use 6 times will increase by 70%-75%. If only one needle is used for one tube of medicine, it means that the subcutaneous fat proliferation rate will be 100%. .
In the clinic, Zhao Fang once encountered a patient who had been injected with insulin for more than 9 years but had never self-checked the injection site.
"Some subcutaneous fat hyperplasia is not easy to be found by visual observation or palpation. It can only be judged by ultrasound examination, and most patients rely on memory only. Family members should remind patients to have an ultrasound examination once a year. For patients who have already found hyperplasia, it is more We must increase the frequency of inspections." Zhao Fang said.
China Youth Daily · China Youth Daily reporter Zhang Manyu Source: China Youth Daily