Thoughts on Education in the New Era Caused by "Double Reduction"
【Thoughts】
In recent years, off-campus training has expanded rapidly with the help of capital. Some institutions have deviated from the law of education and teaching and the law of student growth, which has increased the burden of students' schoolwork and the financial burden of parents, and reduced the people's sense of gain.
The Party Central Committee insists on putting the people as the center, starting from the political perspective of caring for the healthy growth of students, reducing the burden of family education, and consolidating the achievements of building a well-off society in an all-round way, formulating and implementing the "Opinions on Further Reducing the Burden of Students' Work in Compulsory Education and the Burden of Off-campus Training" .
The "double reduction" work is a vivid practice to implement General Secretary Jinping’s important exposition on education, an inevitable requirement for the implementation of the party’s education policy in the new era, the return of the concept of education development, the reshaping of education ecology, and the innovation of education governance , Will surely promote profound changes in the field of basic education, and ultimately achieve de-utilitarianism, return to public welfare, de-examination, return to quality, de-anxiety, and return to rationalization, so that children can develop comprehensively and grow up healthily.
1. "Double reduction" is to implement the party's education policy
The party's educational policy is the concentrated expression of the party's theory and line, principles and policies in the education field, and has a fundamental position and role in the development of education.
In April of this year, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress made a decision to amend the "Education Law", implementing the party's education policy as a national legal standard, which has become a statutory requirement that must be followed by various educational institutions at all levels.
The development of education in the new era must be based on the Party’s education policy and thoroughly implement the fundamental task of Lide and foster people. Whether it is school education or off-campus education, it must adhere to the party’s education policy unswervingly, and deeply grasp the political attributes, purpose, direction, and objectives of the education work. , Focusing on the fundamental issues of who to train for, who to train, and how to train people, focusing on the future of the country and the nation, keeping the political direction, correcting misunderstandings and deviations, and making all levels of education more in line with the laws of education and talent growth.
The core task of the “double reduction” work is to strengthen the party’s overall leadership in education, to maintain integrity and innovation, eliminate falsehoods and preserve the truth, adhere to student-oriented, problem-oriented, and start from the background of talent training and the direction of morality, and strive to cultivate morality, intelligence, and physical fitness. The socialist builders and successors of the all-round development of art and labor strive to cultivate newcomers of the era who are responsible for the great task of national rejuvenation.
All practices that are not conducive to achieving this task must be resolutely changed.
The party's education policy is implemented in the direction and specific path of basic education reform, which is to adhere to the development of quality education, strive to build an education system for comprehensive training of morality, intelligence, physical education, and labor, and form a higher-level talent training system.
Carrying out "double reduction" work is to optimize the environment for students to grow and become talents, focus on cultivating students' sense of social responsibility, innovation and practical ability, promote students' all-round development, and better respond to future social changes.
On the one hand, we must make great efforts to control the barbaric growth of off-campus discipline training institutions, sell test anxiety, promote lazy thinking and opportunistic learning methods, and support their transformational quality training; on the other hand, we must resolutely correct school education" Emphasize intellectual education, neglect moral education, weak physical education, aesthetic education and labor education", abandon the point-only theory and the theory of advancement only, and effectively integrate the party's education policy into the whole process of education administration, school management, education and teaching, and strive to build high-quality Basic education system.
2. "Double reduction" is a return to the concept of educational development
Education is the country's major plan, the party's major plan, and it is also an important people's livelihood project.
We must persist in taking the people's expectation of "learning and eagerness" as the goal of our struggle.
For this reason, the concept of education development must return to fairness and quality.
Compulsory education is not a competitive and selective education, but a guarantee and basic education. It requires the government to assume the main responsibility for high-quality and balanced development.
In recent years, the hardware construction of compulsory education schools has been greatly improved, and the imbalance in supply mainly comes from the differences in education management, the contingent of teachers, and teaching resources.
Therefore, Beijing regards the promotion of the balanced allocation of high-quality software resources for compulsory education as a major task of the "double reduction" work, and coordinated efforts from four aspects: First, standardize the order of education and teaching, and introduce primary and secondary education at the city, district, and school levels. Basic teaching requirements, basic rules, basic norms, strict supervision, and serious handling of illegal enrollment, over-class and over-schedule teaching and other issues.
The second is to improve the quality of education and teaching, comprehensively deepen the reform of curriculum and teaching, and promote the improvement of classroom quality and efficiency.
Efforts to implement "Internet + basic education", relying on the new generation of information technology to promote every class and teach every student well.
The third is to promote the exchange of cadres and teachers in a large area and a large proportion, from the three dimensions of exchange and rotation of principals in the region, balanced allocation of key teachers, and rotation of ordinary teachers, to achieve the flow of key elements of education, and promote high-quality and balanced education from the root. Every child receives a fair and quality education at the door of his home.
The fourth is to promote full coverage of after-school services, improve quality, enhance attractiveness, and coordinate with classroom teaching to ensure that students must learn enough and do well in school.
The concept of educational development should return to public welfare and inclusiveness.
Private educational undertakings are public welfare undertakings.
Compulsory education has a strong public product attribute. Whether it is a public school or a private school, including off-campus training institutions, it must adhere to the public welfare attribute of education and "cannot turn the cause of conscience into a profit-seeking industry."
Capital must be controlled, education must not be disrupted, children must not be profitable, and off-school training must not be used for profit.
The "double reduction" document prohibits arbitrary capitalization, changes from profit-making to non-profit-making requirements, and provides guidance on charging prices, which is to eliminate profit-seeking, de-bubble, remove capital kidnapping of education, and cut off the theater effect , To reduce the burden of the people’s education consumption, and make the reform results more tangible to the people.
As the first city in the country to carry out the "double reduction" work, Beijing is also an area where leading enterprises and listed companies gather outside the school for training. It is a pioneer in this regard, and various tasks are being carried out firmly and orderly.
3. "Double reduction" is a reshaping of the education ecology
A good education ecology is the due meaning of a high-quality education system.
In a good education ecology, the interests of the educated should be in the highest position and be protected the most.
The various components of the education ecosystem should aim to unite people, improve personality, develop human resources, cultivate talents, and benefit the people. They should work together and work together so that the educated can obtain education that supports everyone’s lifelong learning. Equally oriented education for everyone, education suitable for everyone, more open and flexible education, so as to develop comprehensively and individually.
“双减”问题的提出，很大程度上源于教育生态的失衡。在学校教育体系之外，资本意图打造另一个体系，学生、家长、教师、学校受之裹挟、冲击，爱恨交织，剪不断、理还乱。开展“双减”工作，就是要以快刀斩乱麻之势，拨乱反正，使学校、家庭、社会各安其位，学生、家长、教师各负其责，促进教育生态全面、协调、可持续发展。从家校协同到家校社协同，体现了新时期大教育观背景下育人生态的重构，从三者定位看，学校是育人主体，家庭是育人共同体，社会教育是育人的有益补充，只有三者各归其位，各自发挥应有的作用，才能够真正实现育人目标。要夯实学校教育主渠道主阵地，增强校内供给的竞争力和创造力，把孩子吸引在校园、吸引在课堂。家庭是育人共同体的薄弱环节，也是重要一环，要加强对家长的教育引导和支持。当前，尤其需要加快推进家庭教育立法，明确家庭教育的法定责任，加强家庭对学生道德品质、知识技能、文化修养、生活习惯等方面的培育、引导和影响。校外教育不仅包括校外培训机构，还包括青少年宫、研学基地等各类主体，同时也包括各类线上教育资源，要与校内教育错位发展、个性化发展、特色化发展，而不能越俎代庖，再造一个教育体系。
Educating people is not only a school issue, but also requires the concerted efforts of schools, families, and society.
The key to the "double reduction" issue has become so urgent is that the consensus is not enough, especially that it has not been fully transformed into joint action. Among them are the offside of off-campus training, as well as the lack of family education and school education.
To truly reduce the burden of students’ homework and off-campus training, we must further emancipate our minds, build consensus, deepen the reform of the supply-side structure of basic education, and build a closer and more effective collaborative education community.
In the “double reduction” work, Beijing has held a series of policy presentations, press conferences, a meeting of ten thousand principals, and a meeting of school parents and teachers, and launched a “big study, big research and big discussion” activity to help the family, school and society work together "Double reduction" laid the ideological foundation.
At the same time, Beijing is advancing the improvement of the family-school-community collaborative education system.
Introduced a visit system for primary and secondary school students, clarifying that every student receives a home visit every semester.
Implement the family education guidance service plan, build family education studios on a pilot basis in primary and secondary schools, further strengthen the construction of online parent schools and parent classrooms in primary and secondary schools, and give full play to the role of parent committees.
Relying on the mechanism of "street and township whistle blowing, department reporting", the community's role in the management of off-campus training institutions, after-school services, and summer trusteeship, etc., will be brought into play.
4. "Double reduction" is an innovation in education governance
For a long time, the focus of the education management department has been on the development of education. Industry governance is the shortcoming and weakness of education management, and there are problems such as lack of awareness, insufficient strength, and lack of methods.
The "double reduction" work poses a huge challenge to the original education governance. It requires innovation in governance concepts, governance models, and governance tools, and promotes the education management department to shift from managing schools to industries, from separate management to joint governance, and from traditional management to smart governance. change.
To strengthen source governance.
The key to "double reduction" lies in the school, and the way out lies in reform.
Beijing adheres to the problem-oriented approach, reforms the "baton" of examination admissions, improves the quality of examination questions, reduces the subjects and frequency of the examinations, strengthens the process of physical examination, enriches the admission methods of the admissions, and reduces the life of the exam, and reduces the test burden to promote overall burden reduction , And then leveraging the continuous deepening of the comprehensive reform of basic education.
To strengthen system governance.
System governance emphasizes the need for high reform positions, wide coverage, and stable implementation.
Beijing regards "double reduction" as a major and overall political task, high-level coordination, two-level special classes in the urban area, and new special agencies in the Municipal Education Commission and four key districts to determine various work schedules and routes The person in charge of the map and the school insists on simultaneous efforts inside and outside the school, and manages both online and offline.
Establish a high-level coordination, joint prevention and joint governance risk prevention and disposal mechanism, and complete risk prevention and control in a timely manner from four aspects: risk assessment, monitoring and early warning, conflict resolution, and legal combat.
In the governance process, focus on the use of information technology to improve governance efficiency, establish a management platform for training institutions, realize the "five management" of funds, students, teachers, courses, and materials, and achieve systematic governance.
It is necessary to strengthen comprehensive governance.
"Double reduction" work involves all aspects and requires multiple co-governance and comprehensive policies to form a joint force.
Interaction between the upper and lower levels and departmental coordination are not only the important experience of Beijing’s off-campus training management in the early stage, but also the institutional mechanism guarantee for winning the "double reduction" battle.
In the "double reduction", Beijing insisted on consolidating the main responsibilities of more than 20 relevant departments, including territoriality, public security, and market supervision, and was responsible for keeping the land and responsible to ensure the implementation of the work.
At the same time, give full play to the role of private education industry associations in guiding the transformation of enterprises, self-discipline and autonomy of the industry, resolution of conflicts and disputes, and assistance to enterprises in difficulties.
After more than half a year of joint operations, we have achieved obvious results in the difficult things that were impossible to solve by relying solely on the education department in the past.
It is necessary to strengthen governance in accordance with the law.
It is necessary to thoroughly implement the "Education Law", "Compulsory Education Law", "Minor Protection Law", "Private Education Promotion Law" and "Private Education Promotion Law Implementation Regulations" and other laws and regulations, and promote the "double reduction" work through legal thinking and legal methods Steady and far-reaching.
Beijing adheres to the establishment of various policies on the resumption of classes of off-campus training institutions in combination with the actual conditions of Beijing within the framework of the law, conversion from business to non-business, and review of preparations for reforms, and strictly governs them in accordance with laws and regulations.
Carry out weekly inspections of law enforcement, conduct "double notifications and double transfers" when problems are found, and report to more than 100 institutions and many teachers.
Through the launch of the "double reduction" special action, the system and mechanism of governing by law have been further improved, and the ability to govern education by law has been improved.
(Author: Liu Yuhui, Director of Beijing Municipal Education Commission)