The General Office of the State Council on Printing and Distributing
Notice of the "14th Five-Year" Cultural Relics Protection and Technological Innovation Plan
State Council Fa [2021] No. 43
The people's governments of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, all ministries and commissions of the State Council, and all directly affiliated institutions:
The "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for Cultural Relics Protection and Scientific and Technological Innovation" has been approved by the State Council and is now issued to you. Please implement it carefully.
Office of the State Council
October 28, 2021
(This piece is publicly released)
"14th Five-Year" Cultural Relics Protection and Technological Innovation Plan
In order to implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important instructions on cultural relics work, and strengthen the protection of cultural relics and scientific and technological innovation during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, in accordance with the "Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" and "The Fourteenth National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China" The Five-Year Plan and the Outline of Long-Term Goals for 2035" and the Party Central Committee and the State Council’s decision-making and deployment to formulate this plan.
1. Development environment
During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, various regions and departments have steadily promoted cultural relics work, and the cultural relics undertaking has made significant progress.
The first national survey of movable cultural relics was completed, and 108 million pieces/sets of state-owned movable cultural relics were registered.
The State Council approved and announced the eighth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
The preservation of cultural relics continues to improve, and the security situation is generally stable.
Significant progress has been made in scientific research and technological innovation in the field of cultural relics.
Archaeological and historical research results are fruitful.
The protection and utilization of revolutionary cultural relics have been comprehensively strengthened.
The museum undertaking has developed rapidly, and the reform of social cultural relics management has been advancing steadily.
The activation and utilization of cultural relics continues to deepen, and the social consensus on cultural relics protection is gradually deepening.
International exchanges and cooperation of cultural relics are expanding in depth, and my country's influence in the field of international cultural heritage is increasing day by day.
The cultural relics protection legal system is improving day by day, the protection management force is continuously strengthened, the governance ability and the level of governance have been improved, the work pattern of party committee leadership, government responsibility, departmental coordination, and social participation has been continuously improved. Make an important contribution to building the majestic power of the Chinese Dream.
The "14th Five-Year Plan" period is the first five years that my country has embarked on a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way. It is also a crucial period for advancing the building of a socialist cultural power and promoting the leap from a country with cultural relics resources to a country with cultural relics protection and utilization.
The international environment is becoming more and more complex, and the uncertainty has increased significantly. It is necessary to give full play to the unique advantages of cultural relics work, show the true, three-dimensional and comprehensive China, enhance the influence of Chinese culture, and contribute to building a community with a shared future for mankind.
The development of cultural relics is in a period of important strategic opportunities, and the mission of cultural relics work is glorious and heavy responsibilities.
my country has entered a stage of high-quality development, the security situation of cultural relics is still severe, the team of protection management agencies and professional forces are still weak, the scientific and technological innovation capacity and application level of cultural relics need to be improved, and the role of archaeology in empirical Chinese civilization history and cultural research needs to be strengthened urgently. Cultural relics protection The problem of unbalanced and insufficient utilization still exists, and the reform tasks in key areas such as cultural relic resource management, value interpretation, law enforcement inspection, and private collections are still arduous.
2. Overall requirements
(1) Guiding ideology.
Hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th Plenary Sessions of the 19th Central Committee, and earnestly implement the practice of Jinping The general secretary’s important instructions and instructions on cultural relics work, strengthen the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidence", and achieve the "two maintenance", based on the new development stage, implement the new development concept, and build a new development pattern. The mission and tasks of flagging, gathering people’s hearts, cultivating newcomers, promoting culture, and exhibiting image, implement the cultural relics work policy of "protection first, rescue first, rational use, and strengthen management", with the theme of promoting the high-quality development of cultural relics, and deepening The reform of cultural relics protection and utilization is the main line, with the strengthening of cultural relics scientific and technological innovation and talent team building as the driving force, comprehensively strengthen the research and utilization of cultural relics protection, comprehensively deepen the understanding of Chinese civilization, comprehensively enhance the influence of Chinese culture, and comprehensively promote the cultural relics governance system and governance capabilities Modernize, seek progress while maintaining stability, maintain integrity and innovate, blaze a path of protection and utilization of cultural relics in line with national conditions, and make greater contributions to the realization of the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
(2) Basic principles.
-Uphold the party's overall leadership.
Adhere to the fundamental system of Marxism’s guiding position in the field of ideology, adhere to and improve the party’s system and mechanism for the development of cultural relics, firmly establish the scientific concept that the protection of cultural relics is also a political achievement, and give play to the party’s leadership role in the cultural relics work in the overall situation and coordination of all parties. , To provide a fundamental guarantee for the realization of high-quality development of cultural relics.
——Insist on putting people as the center.
Extensively mobilize social forces to participate in the protection and utilization of cultural relics, actively promote the integration of cultural relics protection and utilization into the production and life of the people, so that the protection and utilization of cultural relics are for the people and rely on the people, and continue to meet the people's growing needs for a better life, and strengthen the people's spiritual strength.
——Insist on protecting and using in accordance with the law.
Always put protection in the first place, improve the legal system and law enforcement mechanism for cultural relics protection, implement the main responsibilities of governments at all levels, strictly abide by the red line of cultural relics safety, ensure the safety of cultural relics, maintain the safety of the surrounding environment of cultural relics, and enhance the awareness of the rule of law for cultural relics protection in the whole society.
——Adhere to the guidance of technological innovation.
The preservation of cultural relics must rely on the development concept of science and technology to improve the scientific and technological innovation ecology of cultural relics, persevere in strengthening basic research, accelerate the advancement of urgently needed technology research and application, strengthen personnel training and interdisciplinary cooperation, and promote the quality and efficiency of cultural relics protection and utilization.
—— Persist in deepening reforms.
Comprehensively deepen the reforms in the field of cultural relics, strengthen the protection of cultural relics and the building of archaeological forces, rationally guarantee the treatment of personnel, solve the bottleneck problem that restricts the better use of cultural relics, and strengthen reform measures that help improve the efficiency of resource allocation and mobilize the enthusiasm of the whole society. Let the cultural relics come alive and stimulate cultural innovation and creativity.
——Adhere to the system concept.
Coordinating development and security, coordinating the central, local, and all parties’ forces, coordinating protection and utilization, making efforts to make up for shortcomings, coordinating and strengthening archaeology, cultural relics protection, safety precautions, research, display, and dissemination forces, and accelerate the construction of cultural relics discipline system, Academic system, discourse system, and promote system integration.
(3) Main goals.
By 2025, the security situation of cultural relics will improve significantly, the level of cultural relic protection will be fully improved, the scientific and technological innovation capabilities of cultural relics will leapfrog, the team of cultural relics institutions will be strengthened, the structure will be optimized, the vitality of social participation in the cultural relics field will continue to glow, and the modernization of the cultural relics governance system and governance capabilities will be initially realized.
The construction of archaeology with Chinese characteristics, Chinese style and Chinese style continues to advance, and the Chinese cultural genes contained in cultural relics are better explored and explained.
The revolutionary cultural relics protection, management and application system is basically sound, and its important role has been better brought into play.
A museum system with reasonable layout, optimized structure, distinctive features, complete systems, and complete functions has taken initial shape, and the quality of museum development has been significantly improved.
Social cultural relics management services have been more optimized, and the cultural relics market has developed in a healthy and orderly manner.
The important role of cultural relics work in strengthening cultural self-confidence, expanding the influence of Chinese culture, and forging a sense of the Chinese nation's community has become more prominent, and the results of cultural relic protection have better benefited the people.
A cultural relics protection and utilization system with full coverage of resource management and more complete laws and regulations will be formed, and a road of protection and utilization of cultural relics in line with national conditions will be established.
Note: ① "Four Haves" work refers to delimiting the necessary protection scope, making signs and explanations, establishing record files, setting up special agencies or special personnel for management.
② "Two lines" refer to the protection scope and construction control zone.
③ The 1.227 billion visits are based on the data of 2019. In 2020, affected by the new crown pneumonia epidemic, the annual number of visitors will be 540 million.
Looking forward to 2035, my country will establish a cultural relics protection management work system that is compatible with the goal of building a culturally strong country. Scientific and technological innovation and the building of a talent team will strongly support the research and utilization of cultural relics protection. The history of civilization, the building of a powerful museum country has achieved remarkable results, the red gene has been effectively inherited, the influence of Chinese culture rooted in the profound historical and cultural heritage has been greatly increased, and the national cultural self-confidence has been significantly enhanced.
3. Strengthen the management of cultural relics resources and the safety of cultural relics
Adhere to the core of ensuring the safety of cultural relics resources, coordinate the management of various cultural relics resources at all levels, enhance protection capabilities, strengthen law enforcement and supervision, severely crack down on and prevent cultural relics crimes, and keep the bottom line of cultural relics safety.
(1) Improve the management system of cultural relics resources.
Improve the cultural relic registration system, complete the procedures for cultural relic investigation, declaration, identification, registration, classification, publication, downgrading, and cancellation, sort out the legal naming system of cultural relics, establish a national cultural relics resource catalogue and do a good job of linking up with the Chinese cultural resources census project.
Improve the immovable cultural relics resource management mechanism, verify and publish the ninth batch of national key cultural relics protection units, and promote the identification of immovable cultural relics based on the results of the cultural relics census and special surveys.
Implement spatial control measures for the protection of immovable cultural relics in the land and space planning, and coordinate the protection scope of cultural relics protection units and construction control zones, underground cultural relics buried areas, underwater cultural relics protection areas, etc., and include them in the "one map" of the land and space planning.
Improve the management mechanism of movable cultural relics, improve the collection, registration, and grading mechanism of museum collections, do a good job in the investigation of cultural relics in private collections, carry out special investigations on the loss of overseas cultural relics, and optimize the transfer system of archaeological relics and cultural relics involved in the case.
Carry out a survey of revolutionary cultural relics.
Strengthen the protection of military cultural relics, industrial heritage, agricultural cultural heritage, water conservancy heritage, and scientific and technological heritage.
Led by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, in conjunction with the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, we will further improve the protection mechanism of famous historical and cultural cities, towns and villages, historical and cultural blocks, and historical buildings.
(2) Building a large database of national cultural relics resources.
The system integrates the national immovable cultural relics database, state-owned movable cultural relics census database, revolutionary cultural relics database, etc., and strengthens the application of big data on cultural relics.
Incorporate the spatial information of cultural relics resources into the basic information platform of land and space.
Strengthen the digital protection of cultural relics, focusing on world cultural heritage, national key cultural relics protection units, and first-class cultural relics in the collection, and promote the collection and display of high-definition data of relevant cultural relics information.
Improve the national archaeological excavation information management system.
Establish a digital standard and normative system for cultural relics, improve data management and open sharing mechanisms, and increase the protection of cultural relics data.
Support the construction of information infrastructure of national and provincial cultural relics data centers, key cultural and museum institutions, and strengthen the construction of new infrastructure in the field of cultural relics.
(3) Improve the long-term safety mechanism of cultural relics.
Incorporate cultural relic safety work into the assessment and evaluation system of local governments at all levels, explore the implementation of the "Cultural Relics Chief System", establish and improve the cultural relics safety responsibility system, improve the departmental coordination and consultation mechanism, strengthen information sharing, and implement the public announcement system of the person directly responsible for cultural relics safety.
Complete the cultural relics safety system and standard system, and improve the construction, management and maintenance of safety protection facilities.
Establish a safety risk assessment and early warning mechanism for key cultural and cultural institutions, implement risk level management, and effectively prevent accidents such as fires and crowds.
Strengthen the security of cultural and museum units, continue to carry out special operations to combat cultural relics crimes, and improve the joint long-term mechanism for combating and preventing cultural relics crimes.
Carry out the investigation and remediation of cultural relics fire hazards and the comprehensive risk investigation of natural disasters such as earthquakes, geological disasters, floods, etc., implement seismic reinforcement and geological disaster prevention and control projects, establish and improve the comprehensive risk monitoring and evaluation system of cultural relics disasters, and clarify the fire protection and flood control of cultural relics Responsibility for safety, strengthen the construction of fire-fighting facilities, fire-fighting water sources, fire truck passages, flood control and waterlogging prevention facilities, and emergency response forces, strengthen fire and flood risk identification and management, promote scientifically applicable technical and physical prevention measures, improve emergency management levels, and enhance prevention Control ability.
(4) Strengthen the supervision of administrative law enforcement of cultural relics.
Strengthen the power of cultural relics inspection, carry out national cultural relics inspection pilots, increase scientific and technological support for cultural relics inspection, and continue to implement special inspections and joint inspections.
Strengthen the inspection responsibilities of provincial cultural relics administrative departments, implement the cultural relics administrative law enforcement responsibilities of the city and county cultural market comprehensive law enforcement teams, and strengthen the law enforcement cooperation between cultural relics administrative departments and cultural market comprehensive law enforcement teams.
Improve the administrative enforcement of cultural relics case guidance, case file review, administrative enforcement and criminal justice linkage, and social supervision mechanisms.
Standardize the process of reporting violations of cultural relics, and increase accountability for major violations.
(5) Improve the technological level of cultural relics safety and law enforcement inspection.
Implement the cultural relic safety project, increase the research and development and application of anti-theft and excavation early warning technologies such as ancient ruins, ancient tombs, and cave temple stone carvings, and the deployment of related equipment.
Strengthen the application of information technology and emergency management system for the prevention and control of fires in museums and cultural relics, flood monitoring and early warning, earthquake and geological disaster prevention and control, and emergency management systems.
Strengthen the application of satellite remote sensing, unmanned aerial vehicles, big data and other scientific and technological means in the safety monitoring of cultural relics and law enforcement supervision.
4. Comprehensively strengthen the technological innovation of cultural relics
Adhere to the leadership of scientific and technological innovation, follow the characteristics of cultural relics protection and archaeology, increase the input of elements, optimize the allocation of resources, strengthen multidisciplinary collaboration, build a cultural relics scientific and technological innovation system with a deep integration of industry, academia, research and use, promote the construction of an industry standard system, and promote scientific and technological innovation of cultural relics Ability and the level of scientific and technological application in the cultural relics field will drive the solution of key difficulties and bottlenecks, and support and lead the high-quality development of cultural relics.
(1) Deepen basic research.
Facing the basic theoretical needs and key scientific issues for the protection and utilization of cultural relics, deploy key tasks of basic research, promote the deep integration of mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, atmospheric science, geology, materials science and engineering and other disciplines with cultural relics protection, and increase the country The National Natural Science Foundation of China and the National Social Science Foundation of China provide support for interdisciplinary research.
Focus on building cultural relics restoration, preventive protection and disaster prevention and mitigation theoretical systems that are in line with the characteristics of cultural relics in my country, focusing on major diseases such as weathering of rock and soil cultural relics, water and salt erosion, color fading of mural paintings, instability of wooden structures, microbial pollution, and deepening of cultural relics materials The research on characteristics, disease formation mechanism and development prediction methods provide theoretical guidance and scientific basis for the practice of cultural relics protection.
(2) Promote research on key common technologies.
Facing the five major demand areas of cultural relics prevention, protection, research, management, and use, the national key research and development plan has deployed "cultural relics protection and utilization scientific and technological innovation" and other research and development tasks, and breakthroughs in a number of key materials, processes, equipment and integrated technologies.
Vigorously develop a special technical system for cultural relic disaster risk prevention and control, fire prevention and emergency response; focus on breakthroughs in the detection, in-situ diagnosis, prevention and protection of key technologies for quality evaluation of cultural relics such as cave temples, earthen ruins and wooden structures, and optimize system solutions ; Accelerate the overcoming of rescue protection technical problems such as saturated ivory, bay leaf sutra, powdered oracle bones, bamboo slips, etc.; continue to promote technological upgrading of archaeological exploration, residue detection, process identification, origin traceability, etc., and enhance the extraction and comprehensive analysis capabilities of archaeological discoveries ; Research on the key technologies of cultural relics resource protection planning, promote the intelligent management of cultural relics resources; study the construction of cultural relics knowledge graphs, and carry out demonstrations of the innovative application of cultural relics display and communication technology.
(3) Speed up the development and upgrading of proprietary equipment.
Adhere to the combination of supply enhancement and demand traction, greatly improve the performance and quality of cultural relics safety protection, monitoring and early warning, inspection supervision, preventive protection, repair and restoration, display and utilization, and strive to obtain high-end proprietary equipment such as cultural relics exploration and detection, analysis and testing breakthrough.
The small amount of support is urgently needed for the research and development of key equipment, the standardization of the market environment for high-demand and fully competitive equipment, and the improvement of the quality certification mechanism.
Deepen the innovative development model of "manufacturer + user" and "product + service", and cultivate a group of innovative enterprises and a consortium of industry-university-research-use of cultural relics proprietary equipment.
(4) Integrate and optimize the allocation of scientific and technological resources.
Cultivate a national scientific and technological innovation base, lay out scientific and technological archaeology and protection in the national key laboratory system, and promote the construction of a national technological innovation center in the fields of cultural relics protection materials and proprietary equipment.
Expand the scale of key scientific research bases of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and improve the layout of research directions.
Relying on the National Cultural Heritage Science and Technology Innovation Center and the Nanhai Base of the Archaeological Research Center of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, etc., a comprehensive scientific research experimental platform will be built.
Speed up the construction of a scientific database system for cultural relics protection.
(5) Promote application demonstration of scientific and technological achievements.
Select a group of scientific and technological innovation achievements application demonstration and post-evaluation projects in the fields of cultural relics protection and restoration, safety protection, disaster risk prevention and control, and archaeology to promote the professionalization, integration, and standardization of technology applications.
In key areas such as cave temple protection, soil site protection, cultural relics protection, mural protection, archaeological excavations, etc., promote the construction of scientific and technological achievements transformation test (demonstration) platforms, and provide real environments, sites and objects for subsequent tests, development and application of research and development results.
Pilot a demonstration project of a cultural relics protection research project combined with industry, academia, research and use, and explore the mechanism of order-based R&D and achievement transformation of directional R&D, directional transformation, and directional service.
Strengthen the creation of high-quality intellectual property in the field of cultural relics, strengthen the protection and use of intellectual property rights, and protect scientific and technological innovations in the field of cultural relics in accordance with the law.
(6) Strengthen standardization construction.
Establish and improve a multi-level standard system in the field of cultural relics, and accelerate the development and application of standards in key areas such as archaeology, cultural relics protection engineering, cultural relics digitization, preventive protection, fire prevention and control, and flood disaster prevention.
Implement 10-15 standardization pilot demonstration projects, and promote representative museums and cultural relic protection units that are open to the outside world to join the comprehensive standardization pilot of social management and public services.
Improve standards implementation, evaluation and review mechanisms, and build an online platform for the full-cycle management of cultural relics protection standards.
Strengthen the construction of the National Cultural Relics Protection Standardization Technical Committee, and establish standardization working groups in sub-fields such as murals, paintings and calligraphy, ceramics, textiles, metals, cultural relics digitization, and fire prevention and control.
Promote the establishment of a technical committee in the field of cultural relics protection by the International Organization for Standardization.
5. Improving the ability of archaeological work and the level of scientific and technological archaeology
Adhere to the basic and guiding role of archaeology in the protection and utilization of cultural relics, strengthen the overall planning and policy supply for archaeological work, improve the "archaeology first, then transfer" system, improve the level of archaeology and protection of ancient ruins and ancient tombs, and do a good job in archaeology Results mining, sorting and interpretation.
(1) Strengthen archaeological and historical research.
Formulate and implement the "14th Five-Year Plan" special plan for archaeological work.
Systematically determine the key points of archaeological excavation, deepen the Chinese civilization discovery project, promote the major project of "Archaeological China", and scientifically explain the origin of human beings in China, the origin of civilization, the formation of Chinese civilization, the establishment and development of a unified multi-ethnic country, and the history of Chinese civilization in the world civilization Key issues such as the important status of the Chinese civilization reveal the historical and cultural values and core characteristics of Chinese civilization.
(2) Strengthen the protection of large sites.
Implement the "14th Five-Year Plan" for the protection and utilization of large sites, strengthen the leading role of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, give full play to local enthusiasm, adhere to archaeology first, conservation first, integrated development, innovation-driven, and systematically do a good job in archaeological research, space management, and protection of large sites Manage and open up display work, and encourage all regions to innovate the system and mechanism of protection, management and utilization of large sites in accordance with local conditions.
(3) Improve the archaeological system of construction projects.
In the construction of new urbanization, we will coordinate and promote relevant archaeological work, delineate a number of underground cultural relics buried areas, and implement the archaeological area evaluation mechanism for construction projects on a trial basis.
Strengthen the supervision of archaeological projects before land acquisition, storage, storage, and transfer.
Improve funding channels for archaeological work in construction projects.
The land that may have historical and cultural relics approved by the cultural relics authority shall implement the "archaeological first, then transfer" system. In principle, no storage, storage, or transfer is allowed until archaeological investigation, exploration, and excavation are completed in accordance with the law.
The specific space scope shall be determined by the department in charge of cultural relics in consultation with the department in charge of natural resources.
Strengthen the management of archaeological excavation qualifications, and actively absorb social forces to participate in the archaeological investigation and exploration of construction projects in accordance with laws and regulations.
Improve the archaeological supervision system.
(4) Strengthen frontier archaeology and underwater archaeology.
Give priority to the development of frontier archaeology, and focus on strengthening the archaeological research of Xinjiang, Tibet, Northeast and Austronesian groups.
Incorporate the management of underwater cultural relics resources into marine territorial and spatial planning, territorial and spatial planning and water conservancy projects, and explore the establishment of an archaeological work system for sea, lake, and river construction projects.
Carry out surveys of underwater archaeological areas in key coastal areas such as Zhejiang, Fujian, and Shandong, and announce a number of cultural relics protection units and underwater cultural relics protection areas.
Orderly carry out underwater archaeological excavations in the South China Sea, the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, as well as the protection of water-producing cultural relics.
(5) Vigorously develop scientific and technological archaeology.
Strengthen the application of modern science and technology in archaeology, encourage multi-disciplinary and multi-field collaboration, and promote scientific and technological dating, environmental archaeology, animal archaeology, plant archaeology, metallurgical archaeology, isotope analysis, trace element analysis, DNA research, organic residue analysis, etc. Development of the branch of scientific and technological archaeology.
Carry out the protection of archaeological site cultural relics, information extraction and laboratory archaeological technology research, and improve the ability to protect unearthed cultural relics in the first time.
Vigorously develop digital archaeology, and improve the level of archaeological information collection management, comprehensive analysis, and research application.
Build archaeological specimen warehouses in key national regions.
6. Strengthen the protection of cultural relics and historic sites
Adhere to the overall protection of the system, improve the cultural relics protection mechanism, improve the management system of cultural relics protection projects, give play to the demonstration effects of key projects, and improve the level of cultural relics protection.
(1) Strengthen the systematic protection of important cultural relics.
Carry out the protection and repair project of important wooden structure cultural relics.
Strengthen the protection and repair of important linear cultural heritage points such as the Great Wall, the Grand Canal, the Silk Road, and the Middle East Railway.
Implement national key cultural relics protection units and provincial-level cultural relics protection units in dense areas to protect and upgrade projects to protect the cultural relics as a whole and improve the surrounding environment.
Implement the systematic protection of the Yellow River cultural relics, strengthen the protection of the Yangtze River cultural relics and cultural heritage, and promote the protection and utilization of cultural relics in the functional core area of the capital and the Three Gorges reservoir area.
Strengthen the protection and management of cave temples, and improve the coordination mechanism for the protection of cave temples at the national and regional levels.
(2) Coordinate the protection of urban and rural cultural relics.
To protect and continue the urban context with cultural relic resources as the carrier, combine the protection of cultural relics with the protection of the old city and urban renewal, and strengthen the protection and style management of the original.
Strengthen the protection and utilization of cultural relics in famous historical and cultural cities, towns and villages, historical and cultural blocks, and scenic spots, and improve relevant approval, protection management, inspection and notification, assessment rectification, and endangered cancellation mechanisms.
Intensify the protection of traditional villages concentrated in national key cultural relics protection units and provincial-level cultural relics protection units, and promote the coordinated development of cultural relics protection and utilization, construction of public cultural facilities, and improvement of the living environment.
Continue to improve the preservation of low-level cultural relics.
(3) Strengthen the supervision and management of cultural relics protection projects.
Improve the rescue protection mechanism for cultural relics protection units with major dangers and major hidden dangers.
Implement research cultural relics protection projects, issue technical regulations, and support the production of traditional materials for the restoration of cultural relics and the inheritance of construction techniques.
Improve the management systems for the survey, design, construction, and supervision of cultural relics protection projects.
Focus on exploring and implementing the integration of design and construction of cultural relics protection projects in the fields of cave temples and colored sculpture murals.
Build a national-level cultural relics protection engineering center and an online platform for the full-process management of cultural relics protection engineering, and cultivate quality supervision institutions for cultural relics protection engineering.
(4) Strengthen the protection and management of world heritage.
Focus on promoting the cultural landscape of the ancient tea forest of Jingmai Mountain in Pu'er, Yunnan, the central axis of Beijing, the West Xia Mausoleum, the ancient water town in the south of the Yangtze River, the Maritime Silk Road, the Erlitou site, the Jingdezhen imperial kiln site, and the cultivation of the Sanxingdui site, Wanli tea ceremony, and fishing town Preparatory projects such as ruins.
Strengthen the Silk Road cultural heritage protection and international cooperation mechanism.
Improve the connection system between world heritage monitoring and inspection and supervision, and build 5-10 monitoring and early warning platforms for world cultural heritage sites.
Intensify the promotion of world heritage research and display.
(5) Improve preventive protection capabilities.
Compile guidelines for the preventive protection of immovable cultural relics, carry out normalized and standardized preventive protection at the three levels of cultural relics protection units, cities and counties with particularly rich cultural relics, and provinces, and basically realize the transformation of national key cultural relics protection units from rescue protection to prevention The shift in sexual protection.
Cultivate preventive protection work institutions and support capable scientific research institutions to participate in preventive protection.
Seven, strengthen the protection and management of revolutionary cultural relics
Adhere to the protection of the first, give full play to the important role of revolutionary cultural relics in party history study and education, revolutionary tradition education, patriotism education, etc., make good use of red resources, maintain red blood, promote revolutionary culture, and draw strengths for progress.
(1) Increase the protection of revolutionary cultural relics.
Systematic investigation and collection of revolutionary cultural relics and related historical materials.
Strengthen scientific protection and systematic protection, further improve the periodic inspection, daily maintenance management and safety precaution systems of revolutionary cultural relics, and implement a number of revolutionary site maintenance and protection projects, revolutionary cultural relics protection and restoration projects in collections, and revolutionary cultural relics research protection projects.
Strengthen overall protection, promote the overall planning, contiguous protection, and overall display of the revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization area, and play a demonstrative and leading role.
Continuously improve the preservation of immovable revolutionary cultural relics at all levels and types.
(2) Improve the display level of revolutionary cultural relics.
Optimize the regional layout of revolutionary museums and memorials, guide and support a group of revolutionary museums and memorials to upgrade their exhibition items, and strengthen the protection and display of historical and cultural relics of the Communist Party of China.
A serious summary of the successful experience of the exhibition of revolutionary cultural relics celebrating the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, combined with the commemoration of the 110th anniversary of the Revolution of 1911, the 85th anniversary of the victory of the Red Army's Long March, the 75th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s Anti-Japanese War, and the Chinese People’s Volunteer Army’s 75 At important time points such as the anniversary, adhere to the unity of political, ideological, and artistic, and plan and launch revolutionary cultural relics exhibitions.
Reasonably use modern scientific and technological means to enhance the expressiveness, dissemination and influence of revolutionary cultural relics exhibitions.
Promote the joint exhibition tour of revolutionary cultural relics.
(3) Strengthen the research and interpretation of revolutionary cultural relics.
整合文物、党史、军史、档案、地方志等方面研究力量，加强革命文物保护利用研究，开展实物、文献、档案、史料和口述史征集，挖掘革命文物深刻内涵，推出重要研究成果，旗帜鲜明反对和抵制历史虚无主义，继续发扬伟大建党精神，传承弘扬井冈山精神、长征精神、遵义会议精神、延安精神、西柏坡精神、红岩精神、抗美援朝精神、“两弹一星”精神、特区精神、抗洪精神、抗震救灾精神、抗疫精神、脱贫攻坚精神等伟大精神。
(四)拓展革命文物运用方式。
提升革命旧址开放水平，完善重要革命纪念地设施。用好革命文物资源，举办国家和群众性纪念活动，积极开展青少年教育活动。创新革命文物宣传传播方式，加强革命文物资源网络空间建设。依托革命文物资源开辟公共文化空间，发展红色旅游及红色研学旅行，打造红色经典景区和精品线路，助力乡村振兴和革命老区振兴发展。
(五)深化革命文物工作内容。
服务好“四史”学习教育，特别是围绕中国共产党各个历史时期的重大事件、重要节点，研究确定一批重要标识地，推动有条件的重要建设工程、科学工程、国防工程面向公众开放，生动展示革命文物蕴含的强大精神力量。
八、激发博物馆创新活力
坚持公益属性，突出社会效益，统筹不同地域、层级、属性、类型博物馆发展，提高博物馆公共服务均等化、便捷化、多样化水平，做好常态化疫情防控工作，不断推进博物馆改革发展。
(一)优化博物馆布局。
实施中国特色世界一流博物馆创建计划。支持省级、重要地市级博物馆特色化发展。盘活基层博物馆资源。探索建立行业博物馆联合认证、共建共管机制。规范和扶持非国有博物馆发展，落实支持政策，依法依规推进非国有博物馆法人财产权确权。认真履行相关审批程序，有序推动建设一批反映党和国家建设成就的当代主题博物馆和行业博物馆，重点支持建设反映中华文明发展历程的国家级重点专题博物馆，倡导建设特色专题博物馆。探索在文化资源丰厚地区建设“博物馆之城”。
(二)夯实博物馆藏品保护管理基础。
提升博物馆藏品管理能力，健全藏品登录机制，推进藏品档案标准化、信息化建设，逐步推广藏品电子标识。实施馆藏珍贵濒危文物、材质脆弱文物保护修复计划，寓科学研究于保护修复全过程，提高馆藏文物保护修复水平。强化预防性保护，充分运用科学研究成果和环境监测数据，改善博物馆藏品保存环境，推动多元化、低成本、高效能的藏品保存设施设备体系建设。加快推进博物馆藏品数字化，完善藏品数据库，加大基础信息开放力度。
(三)提升博物馆服务能力。
提升博物馆展陈质量，加强对藏品价值的挖掘阐发。支持博物馆联合办展、巡回展览、流动展览、网上展览。探索独立策展人制度，推出更多原创性主题展览。推介“弘扬中华优秀传统文化、培育社会主义核心价值观”主题展览。广泛深入开展在博物馆里过传统节日、纪念日活动。制定博物馆教育服务标准，丰富博物馆教育课程体系，支持大中小学利用博物馆开展研学实践和科普活动等。实施一批智慧博物馆建设示范项目，研究制定相关标准规范。推动博物馆发展线上数字化体验产品，提供沉浸式体验、虚拟展厅、高清直播等新型文旅服务。
(四)创新博物馆管理体制机制。
进一步健全博物馆免费开放机制。分类推进国有博物馆、非国有博物馆理事会制度建设，建立健全决策执行和监督咨询机制。对于部分符合条件的新建博物馆，在不改变藏品权属、确保安全的前提下，经批准可探索开展国有博物馆资产所有权、藏品归属权、开放运营权分置改革试点，赋予博物馆更大办馆自主权。健全激励机制，强化绩效考核和动态管理。推动博物馆公共服务市场化改革，实施“博物馆+”战略。
九、优化社会文物管理服务
坚持社会效益优先，加强对民间收藏的指导、管理和服务，健全文物合法流通交易体制机制，优化文物鉴定服务和文物进出境监管，完善流失文物追索返还制度。
(一)促进文物市场健康有序发展。
营造健康的文物市场环境，培育现代文物市场体系，优化文物市场区域布局。强化文物商店作用，探索降低文物商店准营门槛，推动国有文物商店改革。培育一批具有市场美誉度和国际影响力的文物拍卖龙头企业，扶持中小文物经营主体。支持发展现代经营方式，推动文物市场线上线下融合，支持在线展示、交易和定制服务等新业态发展。完善民间收藏文物登记交易制度，建设全国文物市场信息与信用管理系统，完善文物流通信用体系、文物市场全流程协同监管机制。
(二)建立多层次文物鉴定服务体系。
加强涉案文物鉴定评估机构建设，做好刑事、民事、行政等领域相关鉴定工作。支持文博单位、社会力量探索成立文物鉴定机构，提供公益性咨询和经营性活动相结合的鉴定服务。实施文物鉴定职业技能等级认定。加强文物鉴定基础研究、科技支撑和人才培养，加快科技辅助鉴定联合研究与应用推广。健全罚没文物接收和指定收藏机制。
(三)提升文物进出境管理服务水平。
健全文物进出境审核管理体制，加强队伍和管理能力建设。制修订文物出境鉴定国家标准，防止珍贵文物流失。探索建立文物进境登记制度。积极研究调整国有公益性收藏单位进口藏品税收政策。优化文物临时进出境管理服务，支持发展文物仓储、展示等衍生业态。完善文物进出境风险联合防控机制，加强风险布控与执法合作。
(四)构建文物追索返还常态化工作格局。
完善法律法规，做好与相关国际公约衔接，健全部际协调机制，加强专门力量建设。建立中国非法流失文物信息发布机制，加强流失海外文物调查监测，加强中国被盗文物数据库、外国被盗文物数据库建设，推动敦煌遗书等流失文物数字化复原与共享。建立“打击非法贩运文化财产国际日”中国主场活动机制，引导社会力量参与。深度参与国际治理，加强双边、多边合作，促进完善国际规则。
十、大力推进让文物活起来
坚持创造性转化、创新性发展，深入挖掘、广泛传播文物蕴含的文化精髓和时代价值，创新文物合理利用方式，塑造全民族历史认知，推动文物保护利用工作全面融入经济社会发展。
(一)依托文物资源推进中华文明标识体系建设。
建设长城、大运河、长征、黄河等国家文化公园，推进长江文物和文化遗产保护利用，强化区域文物系统保护，加强文物合理利用的协同创新，以主题明确、内涵清晰、影响突出的系列文物资源为主线，集中打造中华文明重要标识。依托全国重点文物保护单位、世界遗产等，推介国家文化地标和精神标识，试点推广国家文化遗产线路，促进文物保护研究与文化阐释传播。
(二)强化公共文化服务功能。
引导文物保护单位、博物馆充分发挥公共教育、文化服务等作用，让陈列在广阔大地上的文化遗产活起来。完善国家考古遗址公园管理机制，提升运营服务水平，鼓励社会力量参与，实施“一园一策”和评估监测。加大文物建筑开放利用力度，鼓励因地制宜辟为公共文化设施或场所，对产生良好社会效益的优秀案例予以重点推介。妥善处理保护与开发的关系，推动文物保护单位、博物馆成为特色旅游目的地和文明旅游的典范。发布中国文物游径名录，推介文物研学旅行、体验旅游项目和精品线路。
(三)加强文物价值阐释传播。
融通多媒体资源，强化内容建设，创新表现手法，拓展传播渠道，推进重要文物全媒体传播，宣介文物保护利用理念与实践。加强考古和历史研究成果传播，创新举办文化和自然遗产日、国际博物馆日、国际古迹遗址日等活动。加快构建国家级文物传媒平台。
(四)积极引导社会力量参与。
拓展社会力量参与路径，鼓励社会资本投入，推广实施文明守望工程，推介拯救老屋行动、文物认养领养、文物保护志愿者、文物义务巡查员等社会力量参与实践。完善文化文物单位文化创意产品开发机制，推广文物资源相关知识产权和品牌授权操作指引，支持形成一批具有影响力的文化创意品牌。
(五)深化文物保护利用改革。
创新文物保护利用机制，加强文物和文化遗产保护利用，建设国家文物保护利用示范区。健全国有文物资源资产管理制度，推进文物资源资产管理信息共享，部署开展相关试点工作。完善各方主体参与文物保护利用的支持政策，保障利益相关方合法权益。探索创新对文物资源密集区的支持方式。建设文物领域国家智库。
(六)促进区域协调发展。
推动东部地区加快实现文物治理体系和治理能力现代化，推进中西部地区、东北地区文物保护利用提质增效，加大对革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、脱贫地区文物保护利用的支持力度。围绕京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展、粤港澳大湾区建设、长三角一体化发展、黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展等区域重大战略，创新区域文物保护利用协作机制，创新城市群协同机制。深化内地与香港、澳门文化遗产合作，推进海峡两岸文化遗产交流合作，促进两岸三地同胞共同传承和创新发展中华优秀传统文化。
十一、加强文物国际交流合作
坚持以我为主、兼收并蓄，完善文物国际交流合作机制，创新成果转化路径和传播推介方式，推动文物国际交流合作成为共建“一带一路”的重要抓手和载体，向全世界讲好中国故事，促进中外文明交流互鉴。
(一)服务国家外交战略大局。
推动文物国际交流合作有机融入国家外交、国际传播、对外援助顶层设计，加强统筹协调，优化资源力量配置。深化与共建“一带一路”国家在文物保护修复、考古、博物馆、学术研究、人员培训等领域交流合作，推进柬埔寨吴哥古迹、尼泊尔九层神庙、缅甸他冰瑜佛塔等文物保护修复合作项目，持续开展中外联合考古。实施亚洲文化遗产保护行动，构建常态化合作机制和交流平台，联合实施一批土遗址、木结构建筑、纸质文物、丝织品保护等亚洲主题合作项目。鼓励国内相关机构与海外研究机构联合开展早期文明比较研究。
(二)加强国际传播能力建设。
打造文物对外宣传品牌，向国际社会展示博大精深的中华文明，讲清楚中华文明的灿烂成就和对人类文明的重大贡献。加强中外文物展览交流合作，组织策划精品出境展览，积极引进优秀外展。运用数字化技术，融合线上线下传播方式，充分利用香港、澳门在中外文化交流中的优势，发挥国家海外文化阵地积极作用，推动与国外文物机构共建合作传播基地，提升国际文化传播效能。
(三)深度参与文化遗产国际治理。
深化在濒危文化遗产抢救保护、打击文化财产非法贩运、武装冲突地区文化遗产保护、水下文物保护、世界文化遗产管理、流失文物追索返还、博物馆等领域的国际合作，积极履行国际责任，提升中国话语权。打造文化遗产国际智库，加强专业人才培养。
十二、壮大文物人才队伍
坚持文物保护只能加强、不能削弱的原则，综合施策推动构建与文物资源规模、文物保护利用任务相匹配的学科结构、管理机构和专业队伍，不断健全文博人才培养体系，创新人才机制，弘扬践行“莫高精神”，让文物事业后继有人、人才辈出。
(一)推进文物和考古学科专业建设。
梳理文物领域学科框架，完善文物学科体系、学术体系、话语体系。加强文物科学与技术相关学科建设，开展文物科技创新研究。推动考古相关学科专业建设和课程建设，通过“国家关键领域急需高层次人才培养专项招生计划”对考古等相关专业给予积极支持，推动有条件的高等院校适当扩大考古相关专业设置和招生规模，建设一批一流考古学专业。在国家社会科学基金中加大对文物考古研究的支持力度，设立系列研究课题。在国家自然科学基金融合科学领域增设“文物保护科学”方向。大力发展文物修复与保护、文物考古技术、文物展示利用技术、石窟寺保护技术等职业教育专业，引导文博单位深度参与职业教育，鼓励校企共建实习实训基地，支持文物领域大师、名师、工匠进校园参与教育教学活动。
(二)构建多层次文物人才培养体系。
培育一批以领军人才和中青年骨干创新人才为重点的高层次文物人才，加强考古、科技创新、文物鉴定、文物修复、文物展览等急需领域人才培养，加快建设一支门类齐全、技艺精湛的文物技能人才队伍，稳步造就一支科技研发能力和技术应用能力过硬的文物科技人才队伍，锤炼一支熟悉专业、素质优良的文物管理人才队伍。加强相关行业文物保护人才培养。
(三)激发文物人才创新活力。
关心爱护文物工作者，完善人才激励机制，支持鼓励更多优秀专业人才和青年人才从事文物保护研究。建立健全管理规范、评价科学、激励有效的文物人才体系。实行更加积极开放的人才政策，多渠道招聘引进高层次人才，创新文物技能型人才聘用方式。推动文博单位建立体现创新要素价值的收益分配机制。按照国家有关规定，对有杰出贡献的文物工作者予以表彰奖励。
(四)建强文物机构队伍。
进一步加强各级文物保护和考古队伍建设，扩大考古发掘资质单位数量，根据文物资源密集度，核定并落实文物保护和考古专业人员配置量化标准。持续加强基层文物保护研究队伍建设，保持队伍稳定。支持社会力量参与，构建多渠道基层文物保护看护机制。统筹现有资源，加强科研类文博单位建设，打造一批文物保护研究和传承利用高地。
十三、加强规划实施保障
坚持党的全面领导，全面依法行政，更好履行政府职责，健全规划实施保障机制，激发社会各界参与规划实施的积极性，形成文物保护利用的强大合力。
(一)加强组织领导。
各地区各有关部门要结合实际情况制定具体实施方案，落实文物保护主体责任。各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府要把本规划提出的目标任务纳入经济社会发展规划，细化任务、合力推进。各有关部门要根据职责分工，做好重大任务、重大工程项目的实施保障，强化政策供给和资源要素支持，加强工作协同。文化和旅游部、国家文物局要加强对本规划实施的组织协调。
(二)加强法治建设。
Improve the legal system in the field of cultural relics, promote the revision of the cultural relics protection law and supporting administrative regulations, amend the Underwater Cultural Relics Protection Management Regulations, the Great Wall Protection Regulations, and carry out research on the legal system in the protection of the Forbidden City, ancient books, Grand Canal, and Long March cultural relics, etc. Strengthen the convergence of laws in the field of cultural relics with other laws, and encourage provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, and cities divided into districts to formulate local laws and regulations on cultural relics protection.
Deepen the reform of cultural relics inspection and administrative law enforcement of cultural relics.
Establish and improve the public interest litigation system for the protection of cultural relics.
Strengthen the publicity of the rule of law on cultural relics and maintain legal authority.
(3) Improve fiscal support policies.
All relevant departments in all regions shall adjust and optimize the expenditure structure, and give priority to supporting major tasks and major engineering projects identified in this plan.
Implement the reform plan for the division of central and local fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities in the field of public culture, broaden the channels of investment in cultural relics science and technology innovation, and increase support for archaeological and historical research.
Give play to the guiding role of investment within the central budget such as cultural protection, inheritance and utilization projects.
Announce the guiding catalog of government purchases of public services in the cultural relics field, and actively encourage social forces to participate in cultural relics protection and technological innovation.
(4) Strengthen the implementation of planning.
Establish an inter-ministerial coordination mechanism for the implementation of the "14th Five-Year" cultural relics protection and scientific and technological innovation plan, led by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the Central Propaganda Department, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Natural Resources, and Housing Urban and Rural Relevant departments such as the Ministry of Construction participated.
Strengthen planning connection to ensure that various plans in the cultural relics field are coordinated with this plan in terms of main goals, development directions, major policies, and major projects.
Carry out dynamic monitoring, mid-term evaluation, and summary evaluation of the implementation of the plan, and use the results of monitoring and evaluation as an important basis for improvement and performance appraisal.
The Ministry of Culture and Tourism and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage shall strengthen the supervision and inspection of the implementation of this plan, and shall promptly report to the Party Central Committee and the State Council for instructions on major situations.