Ensure that the only tributary of the Yangtze River that has not been developed and built will never be polluted
The Ministry of Ecology and Environment initiated the "Three-in-One" law enforcement inspection in the Chishui River Basin for the first time
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Recently, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment launched a system survey of the Chishui River Basin that integrates the three tasks of river discharge inspection, ecological environment law enforcement inspection, and water ecological monitoring.
This is the first time that a "three-in-one" approach has been adopted to conduct investigations and law enforcement inspections on the entire basin of a river system.
□ Our reporter Yan Jianrong
Three-quarters of the river basin runs through the mountains, the river is clear and the bottom is clear, and the main stream has not built a dam... Therefore, the Chishui River Basin is called "the only first-level tributary of the Yangtze River that has not been developed and maintained its natural flow."
In recent years, although the main stream of the Chishui River maintains excellent water quality of Class II, the ecological and environmental problems in some areas have become increasingly prominent, especially the water quality of some small and medium-sized tributaries.
In order to ensure a good ecological environment in the Chishui River Basin, on October 19, Deputy Minister of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment Zhai Qing announced the launch of the Chishui River Basin System Investigation, which integrates the three tasks of inlet river discharge inspection, ecological environment law enforcement inspection, and water ecological monitoring. .
The relevant person in charge of the Law Enforcement Bureau of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment told the reporter of "Rules of Law Daily" that it is the first time that a "three-in-one" approach has been adopted for the investigation and law enforcement inspection of the entire basin of a river system.
The Ministry of Ecology and Environment will register all the sewage outlets discharged into the Chishui River Basin, and monitor the water environment and water ecology of key rivers. On this basis, it will carry out law enforcement inspections on the sources of sewage and the causes of outstanding problems.
Although it is not polluted, there are hidden worries
Chishui River, which originated in Changba Town, Zhenxiong County, Yunnan Province, is a first-level tributary of the Yangtze River and the only first-level tributary of the Yangtze River that has not been developed and built.
It is also an important ecological barrier on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, an important protection area for biodiversity in China, with high ecological integrity and precious ecological value.
According to reports, there are many national nature reserves in the Chishui River Basin, which are important habitats and breeding places for 45 species of unique fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, including the Yangtze River sturgeon and carmine.
Protecting the Chishui River is of great significance to the ecological protection and restoration of the Yangtze River.
The person in charge of the Law Enforcement Bureau of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment said that over the years, Luzhou in Sichuan, Zunyi, Bijie in Guizhou, Bijie in Yunnan, and Zhaotong in Yunnan have continuously increased the protection of Chishui River, actively rectified environmental problems in the basin, and achieved positive results.
In 2020, the water quality of the five state-controlled sections of Chishui River will remain stable at the level of Class II.
"However, in recent years, some long-term accumulation of ecological and environmental problems have become increasingly prominent, and the water quality of some small and medium-sized tributaries is not optimistic." The person in charge said, especially in areas with high development intensity and concentrated enterprises.
The person in charge revealed that in the first half of this year, when the Ministry of Ecology and Environment organized the Chishui River survey, it randomly measured the water quality of 5 rivers, 4 of which were inferior to Grade V.
The COD (chemical oxygen demand) of individual river sections exceeds the standard by about 10 times. The water treatment capacity in some areas is unbalanced and uncoordinated. Some sewage treatment plants have insufficient food and the actual load is less than 50%; some are overloaded and a large amount of sewage overflows. .
There are also direct discharges of manure from some farms.
The person in charge said that from the survey, the Chishui River Basin has a complex water system and a sensitive water ecological environment. The distribution of industries and population in the basin has the characteristics of "large dispersion and small aggregation".
At the same time, there is also a Yangtze River Rare Fish Reserve on the main stream of the Chishui River, which is also a source of water for urban residents and large wine companies.
The water ecology monitoring of the Chishui River Basin carried out by the Yangtze River Basin Bureau of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment shows that the species of benthic animals in the Chishui River Basin have been reduced by more than three quarters from the upper reaches.
Public information shows that pollution problems such as liquor brewing, mineral development, livestock and poultry breeding in the Chishui River Basin are still prominent, and the ecological environment of some tributaries and streams are threatened.
Obviously, the Chishui River, the only unpolluted river on the Yangtze River, should not be underestimated.
According to reports, at present, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment has completed satellite remote sensing analysis of the 20,000 square kilometer area of the Chishui River basin, initially identified the clusters of industrial and mining enterprises, and the layout of urban living clusters, and also clarified the focus of the investigation.
After soliciting written opinions from 14 districts and counties in 3 provinces, 4 cities, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan, preliminary ideas and measures for the investigation of the whole river basin have been formed.
Completely find out the bottom number of sewage outlets
The main stream of the Chishui River is 444.5 kilometers long and has a drainage area of 20,400 square kilometers. It involves 168 townships in 14 counties and districts in 3 provinces, 4 cities, including Luzhou in Sichuan, Zunyi and Bijie in Guizhou, and Zhaotong in Yunnan.
Chen Yao, an expert from the South China Institute of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, who participated in the investigation, told the reporter of the Rule of Law Daily that a systematic investigation method of "measurement of the water quality of the river, number of outlets along the bank, and traceability of pollution sources" was adopted for the inspection of the sewage outfalls of the Chishui River Basin. Through water quality monitoring to provide clues for precise law enforcement, law enforcement inspection finds out the cause of river pollution, and finally forms a systematic diagnostic analysis.
Shi Qingmin, deputy director of the Law Enforcement Bureau of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said that the investigation of the sewage outfalls of the Chishui River Basin involved the main stream of the Chishui River, 51 first-level tributaries, and 72 small and medium-sized tributaries.
"If the main stream of the Chishui River is the'aorta', then the 51 primary tributaries are the'secondary arteries', and the 72 small and medium tributaries are the'capillaries'." In Shi Qingmin's view, these river sections are ecologically sensitive and have relatively high development intensity. High and environmental problems are relatively prominent.
On the basis of a comprehensive understanding of the sewage discharge situation of each sewage outlet on the "1+51+72" river section, it will take several years to complete the "monitoring, tracing and remediation" of the Chishui River's sewage outfall.
In 2019, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment initiated the investigation of the sewage outfall into the Yangtze River.
The Chishui River is a first-level tributary of the Yangtze River. What is the difference between the Chishui River investigation and the investigation of the Yangtze River's sewage outfall?
Chen Yao said that the investigation of the Yangtze River was mainly carried out along the banks of the main stream, while the investigation of the Chishui River was carried out for the whole basin, including both the main stream and the tributaries, as well as the small ditches, canals, and small ponds around the people. "Small water bodies" involve the entire water ecological cycle system of the Chishui River, which is more difficult.
This investigation basically included more than 90% of the living areas of urban residents in the Chishui River Basin, 95% of the areas where industrial and mining enterprises gathered, and all rare and endemic fish protection areas and other ecologically sensitive and fragile areas.
Regarding the difficulties in the investigation of the Chishui River Basin, Dr. Wu Renren from the South China Institute of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment believes that the Chishui River Basin, as a trans-provincial river, requires better water pollution prevention and control in different regions and departments. Local coordination and cooperation.
The overall connection and coordination model of the Chishui River basin is still in the exploratory stage. The implementation plans of “one river, one policy” compiled by local river directors' offices based on the protection and management needs of river sections within their administrative jurisdictions are often due to the lack of upstream and downstream, left and right bank management plans. Effective connection has resulted in the emergence of "one river with multiple policies" across the entire river, different perceptions of the problem, and a unified action.
Zhai Qing pointed out that the inspection of the sewage outfalls of the Chishui River Basin will aim to improve the ecological environment of the river basin. The number of outfalls along the banks, the water quality of the downstream rivers, the traceability of pollution sources, the comprehensive understanding of the number of sewage outfalls into the river basin, and the understanding of the basin Highlight ecological and environmental issues and establish a "diagnostic map" for water ecological environment management in the river basin.
Investigate and reform outstanding issues
"The Chishui River Basin is not only inspecting the sewage outlets into the river, but also conducting corporate law enforcement inspections, focusing on the sewage discharge of centralized sewage treatment facilities, liquor brewing, mining and breeding industries." Shi Qingmin said, It is also necessary to implement aquatic ecological environment monitoring, that is, to monitor the water environment and water ecology of key river sections to understand the prominent ecological environmental problems in the river basin.
According to reports, in response to this investigation, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment has carried out extensive investigations in conjunction with local governments.
The survey shows that the Chishui River Basin is the core producing area of famous and high-quality sauces such as Moutai, Langjiu, Xijiu and the main production area of the country. The proportion of liquor brewing enterprises and wine workshops in the basin is relatively prominent; Xishui County, Gulin County, The industrial and mining enterprises in Zhenxiong County and Renhuai City are relatively concentrated.
The investigation also found that some unowned mine water gushing, tailings, and slime leaching water were discharged without treatment in the basin; some breeding farms spilled manure in disorder under the guise of "returning fields to soil".
According to Chen Yao, "In some areas, wine-making enterprises are highly concentrated. Thousands of wineries are distributed along the river valley. Key townships and villages basically occupy all land suitable for development except for living land. Some wineries use karst terrain to discharge sewage into underground caves. , The impact is very bad.” According to him, “Thousands of wine companies have concentrated sewage discharge and the pollution is alarming.”
According to Xue Pengli, a doctor of the Light Industry Environmental Protection Research Institute who participated in the preliminary survey, among the 25 companies surveyed, it was found that there are still more sneaking or leaking discharges.
Analyzing the reasons, Xue Pengli said that the difficulty in laying the collection pipe network is an important reason.
"Sewage collection requires a certain amount of time and financial resources to lay the pipe network. However, the Chishui River Basin has no three-foot flatness, steep terrain, and inherent restrictions on topography, which brings certain difficulties to the laying of the sewage collection pipe network." In addition, downstream. The limited capacity of sewage treatment plants is also one of the reasons.
"The ecological environment law enforcement inspection of the Chishui River Basin is different from general work investigations. This law enforcement inspection attaches great importance to the investigation and punishment of ecological and environmental issues, and emphasizes the collection and fixing of evidence in accordance with the law, so that the basis, procedures and facts are clear, and the basis, procedures and facts are clear. Good help localities find and solve problems.” The person in charge of the Law Enforcement Bureau of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment said that the Ministry of Ecology and Environment will review and summarize the outstanding problems found in the inspection of the ecological environment of the Chishui River Basin in conjunction with the relevant provincial Department of Ecology and Environment. The Ministry of Ecology and Environment shall transfer it to the local governments for remediation.
Regarding the problems found, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment requires the local government to clarify the remediation measures and time limit, and firmly promote the remediation of outstanding problems.
"For some illegal activities that seriously harm the ecological environment and harm the public's environmental interests, the investigation process must be resolved quickly." The person in charge said.