The announcement comes ahead of a visit by US Secretary of State Antony Blinken.
- There is only one enemy on the streets of Ecuador: the drug trade, the right-wing leader further explained.
The state of emergency comes after a wave of violence swept through the country's overcrowded prisons.
In the latest bloody riot, 119 prisoners lost their lives.
Violence has increased dramatically in Ecuador in recent months.
So far this year, the country has registered almost 1,900 murders, which is 35 percent more than in the whole of last year, according to the authorities.
The state of emergency is valid for 60 days and allows the government to mobilize 3,600 soldiers and police, who are supposed to patrol the streets and in 65 prisons across the country.