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"Giant pandas in cultivated land" should be well protected
Xinhua News Agency, Changchun, October 17th, title: "Giant pandas in cultivated land" should be protected
Xinhua News Agency reporters Chen Jun, Lang Qiuhong, Meng Hanqi, Xue Qinfeng
It's the harvest season again.
In an endless field, huge corn cobs hung on tall straws, and under the bright sun, the waist was straight.
Pointing to the thick layer of blackened and rotten straw in the ground, Wang Guiman, head of the Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Lishu County, Jilin Province, said: "We will'cover a quilt' for the black land, and the black land will be more fatter."
In July 2020, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized during an inspection tour in Jilin that effective measures should be taken to effectively protect and make good use of the black land, the "giant panda in the arable land."
For more than a year, the pear tree model has been continuously upgraded in the direction of adapting to the development of modern agriculture on the basis of ensuring increased grain production.
Exploring arduously, wading out the road of protection
The Northeast is one of the four largest black soil regions in the world, and its unique characteristics make it an excellent area to nourish the growth of food, and it is also a "ballast stone" that firmly stabilizes food security.
On October 9th, the corn root system in a protected farming plot in Quanyangou Village, Lishu County.
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Xue Qinfeng
"It hurts terribly!" said Wang Guiman, who has dealt with the black land for decades. In the past few years, the grain output in Northeast China has been increasing. It's getting thinner.
Worries intensified around 2000.
A rare high wind swept the black soil layer after layer.
From then on, how to keep the black soil on the basis of steady increase in production has become his top priority.
At that time, European and American countries had explored conservation tillage methods based on returning straw to the field and planting with little tillage and no-tillage.
Some scientific researchers developed experimental fields in Lishu according to local conditions, and began to explore conservation tillage.
One of them is Li Baoguo, a professor at China Agricultural University.
After Li Baoguo visited Lishu County in 2008, he and his colleagues established an experimental field in Quanyangou Village the following year.
In 2011, he became the head of the Jilin Lishu Experimental Station of China Agricultural University, and worked with experts from scientific research institutions such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences to research suitable local conservation farming techniques.
From soil testing, to measuring the amount of different straws returned to the field, to studying different sowing methods...every year, Li Baoguo visits Pear Tree almost every month, and he also sets up a graduate student practice base here and writes his papers on the ground.
There were also many difficulties in the work at first.
Leaving the straw in the ground changed the farming method that has been passed down for thousands of years.
The local farmers resolutely opposed: "What? No! I have planted land for decades, and I have never seen such a thing."
Wang Guiman shot.
He first found Yang Qingkui, a large local grain grower, and patted his chest to draw him a "big pie": "You do what I said, and I will guarantee you an extra 2,000 jin." Yang Qingkui gritted his teeth and agreed.
"I really believe it!" After a lapse of ten years, Yang Qingkui told reporters that by "covering a quilt" on the black land, the trial plot of 1 hectare of land saved more than 2,000 yuan in cost and increased the annual output by more than 2,000 kilograms; full straw coverage was avoided. After 5 years of cultivation, the organic matter of the surface soil has increased by about 20%, which can reduce the amount of soil erosion by more than 800 tons per hectare each year... This is the protection that Li Baoguo and other agricultural experts from many scientific research institutes have explored through unremitting efforts for more than ten years. Sexual farming system-pear tree model.
"Black Soil Conservation Alliance" escorts the Black Soil Granary
In the most difficult time, it was the speech of the general secretary that gave them guidance.
On December 23, 2013, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out at the Central Rural Work Conference: The foundation of ensuring national food security lies in cultivated land, and cultivated land is the lifeblood of food production.
Corn grows in the field in Quanyangou Village, Lishu County on October 9.
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Xu Ziheng
The intensive introduction of policy measures has made the promotion work coincidentally rainy.
From 2015 to 2020, the central government will arrange special funds to carry out pilot projects for the protection and utilization of black land in the four northeast provinces (regions), and gradually increase financial support and expand the scope of project implementation.
In 2021, the Central Government’s No. 1 document was issued to upgrade black soil protection to a national project; seven departments including the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs jointly issued the "National Black Soil Protection Project Implementation Plan (2021-2025)", clarifying the period of the "14th Five-Year Plan" China has fulfilled the tasks and goals of the protection and utilization of black land.
During the period, Heilongjiang and Jilin successively issued relevant implementation opinions on black soil protection.
In order to further expand the participation of black soil conservation research, the local government organizes the "Black Soil Forum" every year. Li Baoguo and his colleagues will invite many domestic and foreign soil experts to Pear Tree to gather with agricultural officials, large grain growers, agricultural machinery manufacturers, etc. Let's make suggestions together.
Today, the "Black Earth Forum" has been held for seven consecutive sessions, and its influence is increasing day by day.
They also formed the "Black Land Conservation Alliance".
One of the alliance’s characteristic activities is the "Trickling Meeting". Experts and farmers sit together and analyze the problem face to face. Experts say that the straw should be returned to the field, but the ground temperature is not enough after planting and covering, and the seedlings do not emerge in spring. What should I do?
Where is the stop-and-go problem when using the no-tillage planter?
…In the "problems" and disputes, experts continue to improve machinery and technology, and farmers' operations are becoming more and more standardized.
The WeChat group is the daily communication platform of the alliance. In a group of hundreds of people, there are heated discussions every day.
The upgraded version of the Pear Tree model accurately docks agricultural modernization
Zhang Wendi, a large grain grower in Lishu County, is busy harvesting corn in the field these days.
He casually snapped an ear of corn from the stalk.
"This ear of corn has to be seven or eight taels, and it is not a problem to harvest 25,000 catties in one stretch. It is another bumper harvest!" He said happily.
Over the past year or so, the pear tree model has been continuously upgraded.
According to relevant plans, future conservation tillage will cover 70% of the suitable arable land in the Northeast.
In order to solve the problems of "struggling for straw", "relying on subsidies", and "catching up tasks" in the promotion, the alliance is further exploring the direction of building a modern agricultural system.
Beginning in 2021, the Pear Tree Model Trial Team will try to establish a modern agricultural production unit and create an upgraded version, which uses 300 hectares of concentrated contiguous land as a unit, and introduces finance, insurance, grain storage, and agricultural materials on the basis of the promotion of conservation farming technology. The transition from protecting black soil to building a modern agricultural system will eventually form a modern agricultural technology extension model.
Can the bank provide a turnover of 500,000 yuan for the overdraft limit, whether the insurance can open up convenient types of insurance, and whether the pesticide service can guarantee the effect... In March of this year, Wang Guiman brought together the chiefs of local grain growers, banks, insurance, and grain procurement and storage companies. , The supply and demand sides actively connected, the discussion atmosphere was enthusiastic, and finally formed a complete plan: the Agricultural Bank of China launched the "black soil granary loan" for the pear tree model, Cai Jiaku provided professional storage for the COFCO Trading Co., Ltd., and Jilin Bada Pesticide Co., Ltd. established a special The company provides pesticide support.
"If the experiment is successful, it will greatly improve the overall benefits of agricultural production and realize the connection between black soil protection and modern agricultural production systems." Li Baoguo said, "Our goal is not only to consolidate the foundation for food security, and to secure China's rice bowl, but also to make the bowl in the bowl. Pack the grain, pack the fine grain!"