Lu Chang

　　In today's world, with the increase in the number of out-of-school and unemployed youths, the "squatting at home" group (also known as the "Nite" in academia) has continued to grow. It became a problem that plagued South Korea, the United Kingdom, Australia and other countries as early as more than 20 years ago. There is a trend of global spread.

　　At present, the phenomenon of "Nite tribe" has appeared in the country, reflecting the prominent social contradictions in some fields and the insufficient soundness of the public psychological defense mechanism.

For this emerging problem, the society should face it squarely and adopt comprehensive measures to help the "nits" stimulate the spirit of struggle, return to the workplace, integrate into society, and remove the "nits" hat.

　　1

　　Hidden social risks behind the "Nites"

　　There is such a group of people who do not work for various reasons. On the surface, they like to "stay" at home and are keen to immerse themselves in the virtual world; in fact, they view the real world as a scourge, and only when they are at home can they gain a sense of security.

There are even middle-aged people among them...

　　The "Family Squatting and Self-Help Alliance" is a Douban group with more than 20,000 group members.

The team's introduction pointed out: The reason why "squatting at home" ("Nite") become homeless and reticent is usually because of social pressure.

　　What is "Nite"?

At present, the academic circles generally recognize that "NEET" ("NEET" is transliterated, NEET is Not in Education, Employment or Training) generally refers to a group of young people who are 16 to 35 years old, who do not go to school, are not employed, and are not receiving training.

　　The "Nites" have almost no work or social interaction, and words such as "anxiety", "pain", "insomnia" and "loneliness" frequently appear in their spiritual world.

　　Xinyue (pseudonym) graduated from an ordinary undergraduate college and started to seek a job after failing the postgraduate entrance examination twice.

She had successfully obtained offers from New Oriental and Gaotu Education, but was opposed by her family because of her lack of establishment.

In 2020, she took the civil service examination, and failed the provincial examination by one point, and the national examination was out again with a registration ratio of 700:1.

During this period, she was diagnosed with moderate depression and became a "Nite" against her expectations.

　　Lian Si, a professor at the National Institute of Opening-up of the University of International Business and Economics, calculates that the size of this group in China is between 5 million and 6 million, with the highest proportion between 20 and 24 years old.

Lian Si pointed out that they mainly live in urban areas, and their family economic conditions are generally poor, but they are left at home because of "cannot find a suitable job" and other reasons, rely on the family financially, and "gnaw the old" to live.

　　Wu Qiang, a graduate student of the School of Public Administration, Renmin University of China, conducted a survey of the "Nite" groups in four counties in Guangdong in 2019.

He told reporters that the "Nites" have increased the financial burden of the family, impacted China's pension insurance system and traditional old-age care concepts, and caused serious waste of human resources to the society, causing structural imbalances in the employment population. Become a potential risk for social governance and national development.

　2

　　The fight against "involution" needs help

　　Compared with the "Nites" in Western countries, the "Nites" of our country present two major characteristics.

　　First of all, there is a strong desire for employment, which reflects the tendency of initiative.

Wu Qiang said that most of them feel anxious about the long-term home life. More than half of the "nit youths" are not satisfied with their current lives and hope to find employment within one year.

During the transitional period of unemployment, many people have actively sought out new ways of reemployment, postgraduate entrance examinations, and examinations, showing a certain degree of autonomy and an uneasy spirit of striving for the status quo.

　　Secondly, the level of academic qualifications is highly knowledgeable and belongs to high-quality talents with development potential.

Taking Guangdong Province as an example, in the 2019 sample survey, nearly 63% of the "Nites" have received higher education (college, undergraduate, postgraduate), and less than 10% have a junior high school education.

　　However, at the other end of the high-quality and high-willingness "Nite people" facing employment difficulties is the dilemma of "labor shortage" faced by many enterprises.

According to the "Research Report on the First-line Blue Collar Labor Shortage in 2020" of the human capital data center CIIC Consulting, nearly 70% of the companies participating in the survey are facing a labor shortage, and 13% have a labor shortage problem all year round.

　　"The'Nites' came into being to a certain extent because the labor force was upgraded faster than the industrial structure." Lian Si said that at present, China's economic structure is in a period of strategic adjustment, and the industrial structure is in the stage of transformation and upgrading. Labor-intensive low value-added industries, high-tech industries and service industries need to be further developed.

However, the higher education and training model is advanced, and society cannot provide jobs that match the quantity and quality of the existing labor force.

　　Part of the interviewed "Nites" said that as colleges and universities expand their enrollment and their academic qualifications, their expectations for employment returns are also increasing.

A “Nite” who graduated from accounting major in Beijing told reporters that he used to work in a small company. Because the company was not well-known and the remuneration was average, he quit his job and waited for a good opportunity at home. The result was five or six years and he is now 30 years old. Now, not working has gradually become a habit.

　　Lian Si believes that the development of modern vocational education in China is not yet sufficient, the social recognition is low, and its role in talent selection and distribution is limited, and it has also given birth to some "Nites."

3

　　Govern both inside and out, helping young people to take off the "nit" hat

　　At present, the employment situation and employment desires of the youth group are changing. Colleges and recruiters should strengthen their ideological guidance, while focusing on the improvement of knowledge and skills, and at the same time attach importance to the vocational education of students, especially fresh graduates.

　　Lian Si said that the concept of "energy storage period" should be advocated, and young people should be encouraged to make effective use of the unemployed period, strengthen learning, and realize the phased empowerment of employability.

In addition, it can also provide more volunteer services, on-site research and visit opportunities, and increase ideological guidance, so that the "Nites" can have more contact with the society during the unemployed period, learn more about the society, and avoid the formation of a "negative personality."

　　To help the "Nites" return to the workplace, the society should complete an effective reemployment training system.

The existing training methods are simple, extensive and low-level, and fail to form a supply and demand information feedback system with the labor market.

Among the "Nites", few take the initiative to receive training, and it is difficult to meet market demand after receiving training.

　　To this end, an online employment platform should be built, and all major employment platforms should be encouraged to use the "Internet + employment" approach to explore the personality characteristics of young people and match their advantages with the needs of employers.

Lian Si believes that community channels can also be used to help the "Nites" re-enter society.

"The community can provide part of the funding and project assistance based on participation in work or labor, encouraging them to engage in self-employed or flexible work."

　　Some grass-roots cadres engaged in community work frankly said that although the "Nite" youths are similar in appearance, the reasons why they become "Nite" are very different, and it is necessary to make precise measures according to each individual's specific situation to strengthen their own sense of struggle. , Encourage families to give appropriate impetus to young people’s entry into society, so that the "Nites" can reintegrate into society and achieve a wonderful life.

(Interns Zhao Jiaxin and Qiu Zhaoxiang also contributed to this article)