From 1 day to 6 months, what have we crossed

——Looking back on the life of Chinese astronauts in space

  ■Liberation Army Daily reporter He Yishuwei Yumeng correspondent Zheng Weijie Feng Qingling

  On October 7, the combination of the Shenzhou 13 manned spacecraft and the Long March 2 F Yao 13 carrier rocket was on the way to the launch tower.

Xinhua News Agency

  The Gobi is vast and the night falls.

  At midnight, in the depths of the Gobi, Dongfeng Aerospace City was as bright as day.

  Between the buildings, the staff in blue uniforms are busy nervously and orderly.

On the launch site outside the city, the Long March 2 F Yao 13 carrier rocket stood quietly.

  On the milky white fairing, under the bright five-star red flag pattern, the blue logo of "China Aerospace" is very eye-catching.

  Dongfeng Aerospace City, the dream city of China's aerospace industry, is about to witness history once again.

The Shenzhou 13 manned spacecraft will be launched here on the Long March 2 F Yao 13 carrier rocket.

Three astronauts, including Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping, and Ye Guangfu, will spend six months in space on the Chinese Space Station.

  Some people say that the farthest distance in the world is the distance between dreams and reality.

The Chinese dream of flying to the sky spans thousands of years, and it wasn't until 2003 that astronaut Yang Liwei took the Shenzhou V manned spacecraft to fly to the sky.

  The closest distance in the world is also the distance between dream and reality.

Since Yang Liwei's flight to the sky, China's manned spaceflight has made great strides.

Today, China has built its own space home in space.

  From the 21 hours of the "Shen 5" sky survey to the long six months of "Shen XIII", what have we crossed?

  Among them, it is a dream, a struggle, and even more a tireless exploration by Chinese astronauts.

Keyword greetings

For the first time greetings from the Chinese people in distant space

  On the land of China, what kind of voice is the most moving?

  In 1970, it was a song "The East Is Red" from far away space.

In 2003, it was a "normal flight" from the radio waves.

  At 9 o'clock in the morning on October 15, 2003, the Shenzhou V manned spacecraft was launched into space.

The vast space ushered in Chinese astronauts for the first time.

A few minutes later, astronaut Yang Liwei reported: "The flight is normal."

  This is the first time a Chinese voice has been heard in space.

  What kind of picture is the most moving on the land of China?

  When the Shenzhou V manned spacecraft reached its seventh lap, Yang Liwei faced the camera and raised a bright five-star red flag and a blue United Nations flag.

Yang Liwei said hello in both Chinese and English: "Hello to the people of the world, to colleagues who work in space, to the people of the motherland, to compatriots in Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and overseas Chinese, and thank the people of the whole country for their care."

  This is the first time Chinese greetings have been sent in space 343 kilometers from the ground.

  On the 54th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Chinese spent 21 hours in space for the first time.

  In these 21 hours, Yang Liwei took the Shenzhou V manned spacecraft and flew 14 times around the earth.

During this period, Yang Liwei created “firsts” one after another in space-the first time to eat in space, the first time to rest in space, the first call between the world and the earth, the first time to photograph the earth from a spacecraft...

  These 21 hours have been extremely difficult for China Aerospace.

  On February 2, 1979, during his visit to the United States, Comrade Deng Xiaoping visited the Lyndon Johnson Space Center near Houston.

  Deng Xiaoping humorously said to John Glenn, the first batch of American astronauts: "You have become a fairy." Glenn smiled and replied: "People have called me everything, but they never called me a fairy."

  At that time, manned spaceflight was still a distant dream for China.

  When boarding the simulation cabin of a spacecraft in the United States, Fang Yi, who was with Deng Xiaoping, said with emotion: I hope to board our domestically made spacecraft one day!

Seven years later, his wish came true.

The Chinese have their own spaceship simulation cabin.

  With the "921 Project" made public, China's manned spaceflight industry began to "set sail."

  In 1999, China’s first space test spacecraft, Shenzhou-1, was successfully launched, and the spacecraft ran for 21 hours; in 2001, the Shenzhou-2 unmanned spacecraft was successfully launched and the spacecraft ran for 7 days; in 2002, it was loaded with "simulators." The successful launch of the Shenzhou-3 unmanned spacecraft, which opened a window to the world for the first time; at the end of 2002, the last "dress rehearsal" of the Chinese manned spacecraft-the successful launch of the Shenzhou-4 unmanned spacecraft, greatly boosted the Chinese confidence……

  In 2003, that exciting moment finally arrived——

  At 6:23 on October 16th, the Shenzhou V return capsule carrying astronaut Yang Liwei landed safely.

Yang Liwei walked out of the return cabin and said: "The spacecraft is operating normally, I feel good about myself, and I am proud of my motherland!"

  At this moment, it was 21 hours and 23 minutes before Yang Liwei entered space, more than 3 years since China's first space test spacecraft was launched, and 11 years have passed since the establishment of China's manned space project.

  Before the successful launch of the Shenzhou V manned spacecraft, most ordinary people in the country knew little about spaceflight.

The term "manned spaceflight" often only appears in popular science books.

  After the successful return of the Shenzhou V manned spacecraft, no one knew Yang Liwei, no one knew about Shenzhou V, and no one knew about China's manned spaceflight.

  After the successful flight of Shenzhou V, European Space Agency Director Jean Jacques Dordan said: "China has become the third country to send humans into space alone, which shows that its space technology is already very reliable. China's manned spaceflight The success achieved will usher in a new era of international space cooperation." As he said, the Chinese people's space life began.

  Two years after the launch of Shenzhou V, the manned spacecraft Shenzhou VI was successfully launched into space.

During the 5 days and 5 nights in space, two astronauts Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng created unforgettable classic moments for the Chinese people-birthdays in space, beards in space, somersaults in space...

  They also created many firsts—the first time they took off their space suits to enter the orbital module, the first time they conducted space medical and space experimental research, the first time they performed pressure suit putting on and taking off experiments... "In, China Aerospace opened a new chapter.

Keyword footprint

A small step for an astronaut, a big step for China to fly to the sky

  We can go as far as the dream is.

The first outing of the capsule is a new milestone for the Chinese nation in space.

  At 21:10 on September 25, 2008, with the command of Commander No. 0, the operator of the engine control station decisively pressed the "ignition" button.

  Suddenly, flames erupted, and the dragon rose into the sky.

The Shenzhou-7 manned spacecraft, which carried three astronauts for the first time, cut through the vast night sky of the desert and gradually turned into a small bright spot until it disappeared into the clouds.

  After 43 hours of flying in orbit, the highly anticipated moment finally arrived-the spacecraft's hatch opened!

  At 16:41 on September 27, 2008, astronaut Zhai Zhigang took the first step of the first Chinese spacewalk.

  Since then, China's footprint has been "printed" in the vast space.

  "Shenzhou VII report, I am out of the cabin and feel good." Zhai Zhigang held the handle outside the cabin with one hand and raised the five-star red flag high with the other.

At this moment, every star in the deep universe is gazing affectionately; on the vast earth, hundreds of millions of pairs of eyes are looking up with tears.

  In space, Zhai Zhigang walked slowly, like a toddler.

With the assistance of astronauts Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng, the spacewalk lasted 19 minutes and 35 seconds.

  Compared to the vast universe, the distance that Zhai Zhigang moved at the door of the spacecraft was really insignificant.

However, the small step he took when he opened the hatch was a big step for the Chinese nation to explore the sky.

  When Zhai Zhigang successfully completed the spacewalk, an English word "Taikonaut" (spaceman) made from Chinese roots appeared frequently in reports about "Shenzhen Seven" all over the world.

This English word specifically referring to Chinese astronauts was accepted by the West and included in mainstream English dictionaries, reflecting China's growing technological strength.

  Under the lens of the global media, Zhai Zhigang's "Flying" extravehicular space suit was attracting attention during the space walk.

This extravehicular spacesuit, which condenses the wisdom and sweat of Chinese astronauts, integrates the most critical and difficult new technologies needed to realize spacewalks.

  The extravehicular space suit is not just a piece of clothing in a simple sense, but a small space vehicle. It not only has the functions of the spacecraft, but also has higher requirements on weight, volume and power consumption than the spacecraft. It can be called cutting-edge aerospace technology. Aggregate.

  According to the common practice in the international aerospace industry, the average development cycle of a new mature product of a spacecraft is at least 7 to 10 years.

It took only 4 years for the Chinese astronauts who were "particularly able to endure hardships and specialize in tackling key problems".

Behind the amazing speed of China is their dream-catching attitude of working hard day and night to devote themselves to scientific research and innovation.

  Through the "Flying" extravehicular spacesuit, you can see that Zhai Zhigang's footprint in space is a symbol of China's manned space technology reaching a new level.

The Shenzhou VII manned mission is ready for China to launch a space laboratory and establish a permanent space station.

  "One who travels a hundred miles is half and ninety." The millennium dream of walking for nine days has been realized, and China's footprint will also move towards a broader future.

Keywords home

"Tiangong" welcomes its own "master"

  On the evening of September 29, 2011, with the dazzling tail flames of the Long March rocket, Tiangong-1 "hangs" high in the starry sky.

In space, there is the first "home" of the Chinese.

  After Tiangong-1 flew in orbit for more than 260 days, Chinese astronauts settled in the "Space Home" for the first time.

At the beginning of the Shenzhou 9 flight mission, the astronauts entered the "Tiangong" and lived in the "Tiangong" moment by moment, which constituted the common memory of the Chinese people.

  We have witnessed these great leaps in the familiar sound of "ignition" time and time again.

  "It's like a space relay race. The contestant in the front holds the embroidery needle, and the contestant running at high speed in the back has to pass a silk thread through the eye of the needle." On June 24, 2012, the Chinese astronauts completed the first real sense. "Space driving" implements extremely difficult and risky manual rendezvous and docking.

  With an absolute flight speed of 7,800 meters per second, astronaut Liu Wang piloted the Shenzhou 9 spacecraft to complete a special "target shooting" that accelerated the heartbeat of hundreds of millions of people.

  In a soft halo, Shenzhou 9 opened its blue wings and flew towards Tiangong 1.

10 meters, 5 meters, 3 meters...In the human-controlled TV, the "Tiangong" rushed toward the face, getting closer and closer to the center of the cross target.

  The angle between the spacecraft and the Tiangong is strictly controlled within 1 degree, and the lateral deviation does not exceed 0.2 to 0.3 meters. Otherwise, two aircraft weighing more than 8 tons may collide and collide.

If the docking mechanism is broken, it means that China's "Space Home" will be forced to scrap... Liu Wang is calm, controlling the handle while observing the instrument.

More than 1,500 simulated training sessions on the ground made him lift heavy.

  At the very moment, the Shenzhou 9 docking ring accurately captured Tiangong 1.

The two "crosses" shook slightly, and they overlapped closely.

"The docking is complete!" "Tiangong" finally ushered in his "master".

  After the Shenzhou 10 manned mission, the astronauts started working and living on Tiangong-1, China's "Space Home".

  "Teaching in space" is still fresh in my memory.

  At 10:11 on June 20, 2013, a sweet voice came from space: “I’m Wang Yaping, I’ll talk about this class...”

  In the space more than 300 kilometers from the ground, "space teacher" Wang Yaping passed five experiments including quality test, pendulum motion, gyro motion, water film and water polo, and demonstrated physical phenomena such as object motion characteristics under weightless environment, liquid surface tension, etc. , And answered the students' questions about water for spacecraft, space junk protection, weightless countermeasures, and space scenery.

  The Shenzhou-10 flight time is 15 days, which is the starting point of mid-term space flight.

Then, from 15 days to 33 days, the Shenzhou 11 manned mission realized "flying higher, more experiments, and longer time."

The pace of the astronauts' expedition has become faster, new challenges await them, and the dream of the Chinese space station is within reach.

Keywords Tiandi Renhe

A home in the sky, a home on the ground

  On the night of early autumn, when photographers captured the sky and the core capsule combination, in space about 400 kilometers from the ground, the astronaut Tang Hongbo of Shenzhou 12 was also photographing the earth.

  It is about 670 kilometers from Beijing to Jiaodong Peninsula, and it takes about 7.5 hours to drive.

And Tang Hongbo flicked over the two places, and it didn't take a minute.

  Sit on the ground and travel eighty thousand miles a day, surveying the sky to see a thousand rivers in the distance.

This rather romantic verse is a true portrayal of the astronauts in the Tianhe core capsule at this time.

  Seen from space, the earth is quiet and beautiful.

At night, the lights on the land light up like a bright sky full of stars; in the early morning, the sun rises in front of you, shining brightly.

  On July 4, 2021, the first out-of-cabin activity of the Chinese space station stage was successfully implemented.

Before discussing technological innovation, everyone's most intuitive feeling is that space brings mankind a dreamlike beauty.

So after the astronaut Liu Boming got out of the cabin for the first time, he couldn't help but sigh: "Wow, this is so beautiful outside!"

  As soon as the photos and Vlog (video blog) taken by the astronauts were posted, they immediately aroused heated discussion among netizens.

Many netizens expressed their envy for the astronauts.

  In fact, this is only a small part of their lives.

Life in space is long enough, exciting enough, and hard enough to live in space for three months.

  What did they do in 3 months?

In 3 months, Shenzhou 12 completed a series of tasks such as on-orbit assembly and construction, maintenance and repair, out-of-vehicle operations, space applications, scientific experiments, and space station monitoring and management, further verifying the functional performance of the manned space-to-earth transportation system. It has fully verified the astronaut's long-term stay guarantee technology, and the ability of the astronaut and the robotic arm to complete the out-of-vehicle activities and out-of-vehicle operations together in orbit.

  After living in space for three months, what can our audience on Earth see?

Sky survey Tai Chi, chopsticks holding tea, space spinning bike, space station folding kitchen... a series of novel and interesting details of space life, bringing the distant and mysterious deep space closer to ordinary people.

  If Yang Liwei’s flight to the sky on Shenzhou 5 was the Chinese "dream journey", then the three astronauts living in space on Shenzhou 12 for 3 months extended a more novel and attractive dream for the Chinese.

  On September 3, the "Looking Up at the Stars and Talking to the Heaven" event of "The Spirit of the Times" kicked off in Beijing and Hong Kong.

During the call between the world and the earth, the astronauts passed their Chinese dream to the young people in Hong Kong.

"The Chinese dream, the space dream, you and me." Liu Boming said.

  Today, the story of Shenzhou 12 is over, and the story of Shenzhou 13 is about to begin.

The three astronauts will board the Shenzhou 13 manned spacecraft and meet the Tianhe core module at the most appropriate time.

In the upcoming six months of space life, more new technologies will be verified.

  "Heaven is coming." More than 2,000 years ago, the Chinese philosopher Zhuang Zi spoke of the beautiful meaning of "heaven, earth and people" in a tone that traveled through the times.

  There is a home in the sky, and a home on the ground.

Chinese astronauts will rush from one home to another.

  The homes on the earth were created by hundreds of millions of hands from the land of China; the homes in the sky are waiting for countless Chinese to explore together.

  Shenzhou is one heart, and the journey is like a rainbow.