When I looked up the vaccination certificate 130 years ago ... October 11, 16:00
The state of emergency has been lifted, and how can we resume what we have endured so far?
The other day, a certificate more than 130 years ago was found in a house in Osaka, while the pros and cons of the vaccination certificate, which indicates the policy of the government to utilize it, are divided.
I tried to find out how people were perceived at that time.
(Network News Department Natsumi Yoshinaga Ken Memida Soraya Sugimoto)
40,000 likes on the Meiji certificate
Late September, when the debate over vaccination certification became active.
Something found by a man in his twenties living in Osaka Prefecture became a hot topic on SNS.
"The vaccination certificate of the Meiji era has come out."
This man, whose hobby is collecting antiques and old photographs, was organizing old documents at his grandparents' house.
The faded piece of paper seemed to have been given to a distant relative when he was vaccinated against smallpox.
When a man casually posted the image on SNS, he received more than 38,000 likes.
The man who posted
"I was surprised to hear a tremendous response. I feel that it has become a familiar topic."
How was it used?
With the consent of the man, we had an expert look at the certificate.
"Looking at this, there is a temporary vaccination, that is, a vaccination that is carried out in an area where smallpox is endemic, in addition to the regular vaccination, on April 24, 1890, and was born on November 1, 1884, so this child is I was 3 years old. "
Professor Toyoko Kozai of Bukkyo University, who specializes in medical history and medical sociology, spoke to us.
According to Professor Kasai, vaccination against smallpox was obligatory for all citizens in 1897, except in unavoidable cases such as illness under the rules of the Ministry of Interior at that time.
If you inoculate several times at intervals to get immunity and "feel good (immunity)", a specialist doctor will issue a certificate.
"However, in the case of this child, there is a sign of'bad feeling', so I guess I didn't get immunity well at this time. I'm sorry, but I think I was called again and inoculated."
The number of certificates issued was reported annually by local government offices to the central Ministry of Home Affairs Department of Health.
He said he was fined if he refused vaccination or couldn't show his certificate for no good reason.
Professor Kasai
"When the prevention of smallpox was enacted in 1902, the certificate was posted to the family register, and social activities such as admission to school and employment were restricted. However, smallpox In some cases, once the vaccination was completed, it rarely took place throughout the life, so it made sense to prove the vaccination. The situation is very different from the new Corona, which can be infected even after the vaccination. It was. "
The pros and cons were divided in the past
According to Professor Kasai, there have been pros and cons over vaccination against smallpox since the Edo period.
When the vaccine was first introduced from overseas at the end of the Edo period, it was not easily accepted not only by the general public but also by doctors due to the risk of side reactions and suspicion of its preventive effect.
After that, new highly safe vaccines will be ordered and will gradually spread as the effects become known.
However, according to the data compiled by the Ministry of Home Affairs' Hygiene Bureau, the inoculation rate was about 70% to 80% in the Meiji era when vaccination was compulsory, but about 20% of people still did not inoculate.
Professor Kasai
"There were various reasons for not or not vaccination, such as anxiety about vaccines, illness, and financial problems. Doctors and Meiji government officials who were familiar with overseas medical care during the Edo period died of smallpox when vaccinated. I explained in the data that the probability of doing it will decrease, but it seems that people's hearts did not move unless the effect was felt with "skin sensation". "
And in modern times
On the contrary, Japan is now.
The pros and cons of the new corona infection control are divided.
Among them, the vaccination certificate has recently become a hot topic.
According to a survey conducted by Japan Trend Research via the Internet, 52.9% answered "yes" and 22.1% answered "no".
If you look at the reasons, you can see that each has its own circumstances and ways of thinking.
Those who agree
"I want to enjoy the days while interacting well with Corona"
"It is natural that those who have been vaccinated considering the risk will be given some benefits"
Opponents
"There is no guarantee that you will not get infected just because you got the vaccine"
"May cause discrimination"
Questionnaire person in charge
"I had the impression that many people were at the limit of patience (self-restraint). It seems that some people want some benefit because they have taken a vaccine that also has side reactions."
Survey results of Japan Trend Research
https://trend-research.jp/9971/
Some people in urgent circumstances
"I'm against it because some people like me can't hit it,"
said a woman in her 20s in Gifu prefecture, who was unable to stop coughing after receiving the first vaccination with the new coronavirus in May. I was in trouble.
The result of the diagnosis is anaphylaxis.
It is said that the doctor instructed him not to give a second vaccination.
A woman who has had side reactions such as fever after being vaccinated against influenza and uterine cervical cancer.
I feel a sense of crisis that the use of vaccination certificates is being considered.
A woman in her twenties in Gifu prefecture
, "If you don't get the vaccine, you won't be able to enter restaurants," or "that person may have the coronavirus because he hasn't been vaccinated, and he's a dangerous person." I think there is a possibility. Even if you are vaccinated, it can infect someone, so I think it is strange that you can go out to play because you are vaccinated. "
What do you need for dialogue?
How can we create an acceptable infection control measure in each person's circumstances?
Professor Mikito Tanaka of Waseda University, who is familiar with risk communication, says that dialogue is needed now.
Professor Tanaka
"The keyword is" effective feeling. "It may be easy to understand that it is convincing. We will make decisions on a certain theme together through dialogue and find out what to do. Then, we feel that we can control our own risks. It will be born. Furthermore, it will be good to talk about it by reflecting opinions, and it will lead to a sense of conviction that it was useful to society. It is not enough to unilaterally disseminate information on risks. "
“What kind of society do we want to live in?”
However, dialogue between people who disagree with each other is quite difficult.
How can the dialogue be deepened?
Professor Tanaka
"I want you to think in smaller units. For example, a local festival. When you ask how to do a festival that you couldn't do in the last two years," The performers of the festival have a heavy responsibility, so even if you request a package do not you? "or say," the audience is dense roadside so as not to be I'm good in freedom and out if control "or.
the idea of whether we use do with the vaccine and inspection package by overlapping the specific discussion ※ I think it will come out. This is risk communication that everyone will come up with an answer to the question, "What kind of society do we want to live in?"
I would like to start by talking with people close to me, "What kind of society do I want to live in," in order to make infection control measures that each and every one of us can understand.
<Explanation>
* Vaccine passport
A certificate that is exempt from inspection and quarantine measures if presented at the time of entry in some countries when traveling overseas.
The Japanese government has been operating since July.
In addition to this, there is also a movement to use it in situations such as trips, events, and dinners across prefectures, such as by issuing it independently by the local government.
* Vaccine / test package
This is the concept that the government showed in September.
The specifics have not been decided yet, but from around November, when the vaccine is expected to reach almost everyone who wants to be vaccinated, the government will utilize the vaccination certificate and the negative test certificate for events, dinners, trips, etc. The policy is to gradually relax the behavioral restrictions of.
Demonstration experiments have started in October.