The police offer a reward of one million

Where does the bounty come from?

Interview with Yang Yujuan, Professor of Investigation College, People's Public Security University of China

　　□ Our reporter Zhou Bin

　　A reward of 1 million yuan is offered for one person for reporting-Not long ago, the Public Security Bureau of Lufeng City, Guangdong Province issued a reward notice to publicly offer a reward for arresting 5 fugitives from Lufeng who are drug-related online fugitives. The masses report or provide clues, and cooperate with the public security organs to capture them. 1 million yuan.

　　Millions of bounties have aroused widespread concern and heated discussions in the society.

In fact, in recent years, many local public security organs have issued reward announcements, offering rewards for wanted persons involved in criminal organizations, homicides, drugs, and other fugitives. The rewards vary.

Since the beginning of this year, the Hainan Provincial Public Security Department and the Public Security Bureau of Huilai County, Guangdong Province have issued millions of bounties to wanted persons at large.

　　How can I get this million bounty?

Which criminal suspects will the public security organ issue a reward?

How to set the reward amount and who will pay it?

What is the difference between a reward notice and a wanted order?

With these questions in mind, a reporter from the "Rule of Law Daily" recently interviewed Yang Yujuan, a professor and doctoral supervisor at the Investigative College of People's Public Security University of China.

Wanted orders and reward notices

The scope of publication is different

　　Reporter: What is a reward announcement?

For what kind of criminal suspects should a reward announcement be issued, should they be issued in accordance with the severity of the suspected crime, or should they be issued if the suspect is not caught within a certain time limit?

Which level of public security organs can issue reward announcements?

　　Yang Yujuan: Reward notice refers to investigative measures in which the public security organs, in order to discover clues or evidence of the case and find criminal suspects, publicly release an offer to the public in the form of a notice, request relevant personnel to provide clues or evidence, and promise to pay corresponding remuneration.

　　The "Procedures for the Handling of Criminal Cases by Public Security Organs" promulgated by the Ministry of Public Security clarifies that "In order to discover clues to major crimes, recover the property and evidence involved, and seize criminal suspects, if necessary, a reward notice can be issued with the approval of the person in charge of the public security organ at or above the county level. ; The reward announcement should state the basic information of the reward object and the specific amount of the reward".

　　The law does not stipulate the conditions for the issuance of a reward notice. In the practice of investigation, the case-handling department determines whether to publish it according to the situation of the case and the progress of the investigation.

Under normal circumstances, when a criminal case has greater social harm or bad social influence, the object of the reward has obvious characteristics, or the people are likely to grasp the situation, the public security organ may issue a reward notice, such as a reward notice in the criminal investigation of a criminal force. The masses provide relevant criminal clues, or when the identity of the criminal suspect is not clear and the crime is not enough for arrest, etc., the masses are mobilized to assist in the arrest of the criminal suspect with a reward notice.

However, it should be noted that the notice of rewards should not be released at will, because it may cause the amount of rewards to rise, investigators' psychological dependence and unfavorable confidentiality.

　　Reporter: We have noticed that the wanted order is somewhat similar to the reward notice.

The Ministry of Public Security will issue Grade A or Grade B wanted orders from time to time, and local public security agencies will also issue wanted orders.

How was the wanted order issued?

What is the difference between a grade A wanted order and a grade B wanted order?

Why do some wanted orders have bounties, and some do not?

　　Yang Yujuan: my country’s Criminal Procedure Law stipulates that if a criminal suspect who should be arrested is at large, public security organs can issue a wanted order and take effective measures to pursue arrests; public security organs at all levels can directly issue wanted orders within their jurisdiction; beyond their own jurisdictions The area under jurisdiction shall be reported to the higher-level authority that has the authority to make a decision.

　　The wanted order is the legal basis for the masses to transfer the wanted object to the public security organ and the public security organ to detain the wanted object.

According to Chinese law, wanted orders can be issued for the following three categories of persons: criminal suspects whose identities have been identified and should be arrested but are at large; criminal suspects who escaped after detention, arrest, residential surveillance, or release on guarantee pending trial, etc., according to law; Defendant; a criminal who escaped from prison while serving his sentence.

When it is necessary to want the above-mentioned persons at large in accordance with the law, the case-handling department shall make a wanted order, which shall be publicly released to the public through various forms such as posting notices, radio, television, newspapers, and the Internet after approval by the person in charge of the public security organs at or above the county level.

　　A-level wanted order is a wanted order that the Ministry of Public Security considers necessary to be issued nationwide, that is, a wanted order issued by the Ministry of Public Security on its own initiative; A-level wanted order is a provincial-level wanted order that is deemed necessary by the provincial public security organs to be wanted nationwide and is submitted to the Ministry of Public Security Wanted orders issued nationwide after approval; there are also wanted orders issued by public security organs at the county, prefecture, and provincial levels within their jurisdiction.

The law does not specify whether there is a bounty for wanted orders, and the issuing unit may or may not provide bounty.

　　Reporter: Please summarize the difference between the wanted order and the reward notice?

　　Yang Yujuan: The main differences between wanted orders and reward announcements are: First, the scope of release is different.

The issuance scope of the wanted order is limited to the jurisdiction of the issuing agency, and those beyond the jurisdiction of this agency should be reported to the higher-level public security agency for decision; the notice of reward can be determined according to the specific case and investigation needs, without too much jurisdictional limitation.

Second, the target is different.

The objects wanted are fugitives, including criminal suspects and defendants who should be arrested but are fugitives, and criminals who escaped from custody; the objects of the reward notice may be criminal suspects, or clues or evidence that can help solve the case. Such as finding people in surveillance images, identifying reward notices for simulated portraits, rewarding notices for finding stolen goods or criminal tools, etc.

Third, the reward notice provides a bounty, and the specific amount of the bounty must be stated, and the wanted order may or may not provide a bounty.

　　However, the purpose of the two is the same, and both are used to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the broad masses of the people in order to find suspects or solve cases as soon as possible.

At the same time, wanted orders and reward announcements can also prompt relevant regions or departments to deploy arrest and preventive measures in a timely manner, realize coordinated operations, and improve the ability of public security organs to maintain public order.

Assist in capturing Fang Nengquan Prize

Bounty is not capped

　　Reporter: The rewards are wanted, and the rewards vary greatly from place to place. For example, for the same drug-related personnel, some places offer a reward of 20,000 to 30,000 yuan, some places offer a reward of 100,000 yuan to 200,000 yuan, and some places 1 million yuan. Why is there such a big difference? The difference?

Who will pay the bounty money?

What is the highest bounty?

　　Yang Yujuan: The amount of the reward for the wanted order and the reward notice depends on two factors.

First, the nature, social impact and social harm of criminal cases.

Under normal circumstances, the more serious the nature of the case and the greater the social harm, the higher the bounty may be.

Second, release the agency’s ability to pay, willingness, and relevant regulations.

　　For China’s three types of wanted orders, the reward for Grade A wanted orders is uniformly set at 50,000 yuan, which is paid by the Ministry of Public Security; sometimes, in order to increase incentives, the local public security agency responsible for investigating and handling cases may increase it on the basis of 50,000 yuan. For some bounties, the increased part will be paid by the public security organs handling the case; the amount of rewards offered for class B wanted orders is determined by the provincial public security organs according to their own ability and willingness to pay, and paid by the provincial public security organs; county, prefectural, and provincial public security agencies For wanted orders issued by an agency within its jurisdiction, the amount of rewards offered shall be determined by the issuing agency based on the circumstances of the case and its own capacity and willingness to pay, and shall be paid by the issuing agency.

Except for Grade A wanted orders, other wanted orders and bounty notices have different bounties and are not capped.

　　Reporter: There are expressions like "reporting and assisting the police in successfully arresting fugitives" in the rewards and the wanted. In practice, how does it count as assisting the police?

If you report and assist, and the public security organs fail to capture the fugitives in the end, will they still be rewarded?

　　Yang Yujuan: As far as the wanted order is concerned, the prerequisite for the masses to obtain the bounty is to provide direct and clear clues to arrest the wanted object, such as directly providing the room number where the fugitive is hiding, the number of the vehicle and the specific location, etc.

If the masses provide clues that are helpful to the investigation, but are not clear and specific enough, the public security organs can also pay part of the reward as appropriate.

As far as the reward announcement is concerned, the case-handling department verifies and evaluates the information provided by the masses, and determines whether to pay the reward based on its value or role in investigating and solving the case.

　　Reporter: Many of the fugitives are desperadoes, some are members of criminal gangs, and many of them are at large.

Will the report affect the personal safety of the reporter?

In practice, how can public security organs protect whistleblowers?

Has the whistleblower been retaliated against?

　　Yang Yujuan: I don’t know the specific cases or related statistics that have been retaliated against for assisting in the arrest of wanted objects or providing information about rewards.

However, it is reasonable to speculate that criminal suspects or fugitives may retaliate against the whistleblower. Worrying about retaliation is also one of the main reasons why the masses dare not report boldly, especially the formation of illegally controlled criminal forces in certain areas. In criminal cases.

The law does not provide for specific measures to protect whistleblowers. In practice, public security organs will protect whistleblowers by not disclosing the identity of the whistleblower or concealing the source of information and clues; when necessary, they will also take some special personal protection. measure.

Improving legal norms

Bounty amount is gradually increasing

　　Reporter: When did my country's reward and wanted first appear?

In recent years, what changes have taken place in the quantity, content, and quality of the rewards and wanted by public security organs?

what is the reason?

　　Yang Yujuan: The reward notice is issued by the local case-handling agencies according to the situation. I don't have the relevant information on the first notice of reward that can be checked.

The first national wanted order was issued in February 1983.

On February 12, 1983, a serious homicide occurred in Shenyang, Liaoning, causing 4 deaths and 3 serious injuries. According to clues, the police identified the suspects as Wang Zongwei and Wang Zongfang (the "Northeast Two Kings" case). In view of the circumstances of the case It is important, and the two have guns, the Ministry of Public Security issued the first national wanted order in New China.

On September 13, 1983, the suspect was shot dead in Guangchang, Jiangxi.

　　With the dynamic development of society, the flow of people, property, and things is increasing. The situation of criminal suspects fleeing to other places or fleeing crimes after committing crimes has become more and more prominent. It is also more and more common that criminal suspects are arrested and the masses are motivated to assist in investigations with high rewards.

　　In the past few decades, the development and changes of wanted orders and reward notices are reflected in the following aspects: increasingly diversified forms, especially with the help of television, Internet, mobile phones and other carriers, wanted orders and reward notices can be in a shorter time Disseminate it in a faster time and form a situation of "rats crossing the street and everyone shouting to beat" criminal suspects; rewarding people to provide information and clues is increasingly widely recognized, and with economic development, rewards The amount has also been greatly increased.

　　At the same time, the legal norms for wanted orders and reward announcements are becoming more and more perfect.

At present, the Criminal Procedure Law grants public security organs the powers to find persons at large within their jurisdiction. The "Procedures on the Procedures for Public Security Organs Handling Criminal Cases" clarify the implementation conditions, release procedures, document content, and release forms of wanted orders and reward notices; public security organs The use of network information technology to carry out online pursuit of escapees, summing up the experience and practices of previous special operations, forming a standardized "New Mechanism for Solving Cases and Pursuits", and adopting a hierarchical wanted and reverse investigation responsibility system.

These laws and regulatory documents provide a guarantee for the continuous and standardized implementation of wanted and rewards.

　　Reporter: Do you have any suggestions for further improving the work of offering wanted rewards?

　　Yang Yujuan: As the practice of giving financial rewards to people who provide information is increasingly recognized by the society, relevant departments should make clear provisions on the amount of rewards and the basis for redemption, and pay full attention to the safety of whistleblowers. It is recommended how to Make clear provisions to protect the rights and personal safety of whistleblowers to resolve the worries of the masses.