Parents pay more attention to prevention and control of "little glasses" (Health Express Train (66th stop))
In September 2020, the Ministry of Education issued a notice to launch the Myopia Prevention and Control Publicity and Education Month for the first time, clarifying that in the future, March in the spring semester and September in the fall semester will be used as myopia prevention and control publicity and education months to promote vision in various forms. Health, guide the government, schools, families and all parties in society to take care of children’s eyes and give them a bright future.
"Except for the loss of life, there is nothing more terrible than the loss of vision." An ophthalmologist once said.
Eye health is an important part of national health, and young people’s vision health particularly affects the hearts of all sectors of society.
In order to further strengthen the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents, and promote the visual health of children and adolescents, it is sponsored by People's Daily Online and undertaken by People Online. The third co-organized by the Optometry Group of the Ophthalmology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Peking University People's Hospital, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Computing Technology The National Visual Health Summit Forum was held in Beijing recently.
Myopia prevention and control need guidance, it is important to catch early and catch small
Song Shixun, the relevant person in charge of the CDC of the National Health Commission, introduced on the forum that according to recently released monitoring data, the overall myopia rate of children and adolescents in my country in 2020 is 52.7%, of which the myopia rate of boys is 49.2% and that of girls is 56.4%.
From the perspective of different age groups, the myopia rate of 6-year-old children is 14.3%, elementary school students are 35.6%, junior high school students are 71.1%, and high school students are 80.5%.
"From the 2018-2020 monitoring results, the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents has achieved certain results." Song Shixun said that in 2020, affected by the epidemic and other factors, the overall myopia rate of children and adolescents nationwide (52.7%) was higher than that in 2019 (50.2%). %) increased by 2.5 percentage points, but compared with 2018 (53.6%), it still fell by 0.9 percentage points.
Statistics show that early detection of myopia in students has been relieved to some extent.
The myopia rate of 6-year-old children in the national kindergarten class in 2020 is the same as that in 2019, and it is 0.2% lower than that in 2018.
In 2020, the myopia rate of low-grade primary school students is 20.7%, an increase of 1.4 percentage points from 2019 and a decrease of 1.6 percentage points from 2018.
At the same time, the development of low-grade myopia to moderate-to-high myopia slows down.
Among myopia students, the proportion of middle and high myopia in 2020 decreased by 0.6% compared with 2018. Among them, the high myopia of middle and high school students decreased by 0.5% compared with 2018, indicating that the prevention and control of high myopia has achieved certain results, but it still needs Further increase efforts to prevent and control the development of high myopia.
Monitoring data in 2020 show that nearly 10% of myopic students have high myopia, and the proportion increases with grades. Among 6-year-old children in kindergarten, 1.5% have high myopia, and 17.6% in high school.
In this regard, Song Shixun said: "The hazards of high myopia cannot be ignored. It can easily cause a variety of serious complications, such as cataracts, retinal detachment and glaucoma. It is a blinding eye disease that requires priority prevention and treatment."
"Through monitoring, we have found that the low age of myopia is still the current difficulty in prevention and control." Song Shixun said that in 2020, the myopia rate of 6-year-old children in all regions will exceed 9%, and the highest rate is 19.1%, which is still far behind the prevention and control target (3%). Large; the rate of myopia in primary school has increased rapidly, from 12.9% in the first grade to 59.6% in the sixth grade.
On average, the rate of myopia increases by 9.3 percentage points for every grade higher, indicating that kindergartens and elementary schools are the key age stages for myopia prevention and control in my country.
"In our investigation, we found that myopia risk factors are more widespread, such as insufficient outdoor activities for students, and the use of mobile phones and tablets for more than 2 hours of screen time is obvious; the desktop illumination in the classroom is not up to standard, and the height of desks and chairs is not up to standard. Exist." Song Shixun emphasized that some parents still lack a correct understanding of the dangers of myopia in children and adolescents and the importance of prevention and control work. The situation of "overweighting" children's extracurricular tutoring is more prominent, and the leading and supervisory role of parents in the prevention and control of myopia is not sufficient. Play it out.
The correct posture must not be forgotten, and outdoor activities must be guaranteed
"Children's vision and eyeball refractive development are a gradual process. Newborn babies and children have mild hyperopia, and gradually reach emmetropia with age. Under normal circumstances, children develop emmetropia at about 10 years old." National Vision Optometry Qu Jia, director of the Engineering Technology Research Center and general dean of the Eye Optometry Hospital Group of Wenzhou Medical University, said, "Now many children run out of hyperopia reserves at the age of five or six, and start myopia early. This is a big problem." Therefore, according to the characteristics of the child's refractive development, the burden of schooling and reading, and the peak situation of eye use, we should provide guidance for different classes. Different classes should be treated in different categories.
"The preschool stage, that is, 0-6 years old, is the critical period for children's refractive development of the eyeballs. At this stage, parents should take responsibility and focus on controlling the children's time to watch TV and play with mobile phones." Qu Jia said that visual health accompanies people's overall health. In the life cycle, protecting eyes is a lifetime thing, especially 0-6 years old is the critical period. Parents should actively take their children to outdoor activities and stay away from "electronic nanny".
"From the age of 7-12 to primary school, children need to adapt to changes in the environment and roles. The prevention and control of myopia should focus on developing good habits." Qu Jia pointed out that there is no cure for myopia, so prevention is particularly important.
In the lower grades of elementary school, pay close attention to the child’s vision and refractive development regularly to prevent myopia from occurring.
In the upper grades of primary school, pay attention to eye hygiene, combine myopia prevention and control with quality education, and scientifically prevent and control the occurrence and development of myopia.
"The middle school stage is 13-18 years old. At this stage, children's awareness of independence is enhanced. Myopia prevention and control requires children's active participation and support." Qu Jia pointed out that the pressure on children in junior and senior high schools increases, and it is necessary to achieve a balance between study and life. Strengthen physical exercise to prevent the occurrence and development of myopia. Those who have already become myopia should avoid developing into high myopia, and students who have developed into high myopia should pay attention to the prevention and control of complications.
What are the important methods to prevent myopia?
"The most important thing is to learn posture." Qu Jia emphasized that "three ones" and "three brights" should be taken to prevent myopia: eyes are one foot away (the distance between the eyes and the books is about 33.3 cm when studying), Keep a fist away from the chest (keep a fist between the chest and the desk) and an inch away from the pen (the distance between the fingers holding the pen and the tip of the pen is 3.3 cm), the classroom should be bright, the room should be bright when reading, and the desk should be bright.
"The protection of eyesight must follow the '20-20-20 principle'." Qu Jia said, that is, every time you use your eyes for 20 minutes, you need to look at a distance of 20 feet (about 6 meters) for 20 seconds.
At the same time, if you look at an electronic screen, it is best to have a larger screen, a longer distance, less reading time, and more intermittent rest.
Another study shows that increasing the time of outdoor activities is the key to preventing myopia, and ensuring 2 hours of outdoor exercise a day is very important to control the progression of myopia in young people.
The top-level design is strengthening, and all parties work together to protect health
In recent years, the work of preventing myopia in children and adolescents has been highly valued by the party and the state, and related policies have been introduced intensively.
On August 30, 2018, eight departments including the Ministry of Education and the National Health Commission jointly issued the "Implementation Plan for the Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Myopia in Children and Adolescents", which put forward the goal of controlling the myopia rate of 6-year-old children in China at about 3% by 2030.
In Qu Jia's view, the plan marked the rise of myopia prevention and control into a national strategy.
"One of the characteristics of this plan is to quantify, and the other is to evaluate the provinces. At the same time, a'five-party collaboration' plan including schools, students, families, medical and health institutions, and government departments is proposed." Qu Jia said, At that time, some people were worried about whether these could be achieved and whether they could be effectively implemented. Today, the plan has not only landed, but is also advancing steadily.
Since then, the Ministry of Education has taken the lead in improving the national joint meeting mechanism for comprehensive prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents, gathering 15 departments to jointly promote the prevention and control of myopia, and selecting pilot counties (cities, districts) and reform pilot areas for the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents across the country; compulsory education The myopia rate of students at the stage, physical health, and the standardization of lighting in school classrooms are listed as important content for the evaluation and identification of the basic and balanced development of national compulsory education and high-quality and balanced counties.
In May of this year, 15 departments including the Ministry of Education jointly issued the "Child and Adolescent Myopia Prevention and Control Bright Action Work Plan (2021-2025)" to further clarify the roadmap for myopia prevention and control, and promote the establishment rate of adolescents’ vision health electronic files to reach 100%.
At the same time, the "Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Myopia in Different Stages of Preschool, Primary School, Middle School, etc." were issued to answer questions for schools, parents, and students.
In 2021, five management documents of "Homework, Sleep, Mobile Phone, Reading Materials, and Physical Fitness" will be issued.
Starting in May, the education supervision department has used various methods such as campus inspections, door-to-door lectures, questionnaire surveys, visits and seminars, to supervise the implementation of the "five management".
Policy is the direction, and the key is implementation.
Eye health requires comprehensive policies and multiple measures. It requires the promotion of professional departments and the joint participation of all sectors of society. Only the joint efforts of children, families, schools, medical and health institutions, and the government can truly take the form of myopia prevention and control work. Close the loop, and promote the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents to go deeper and more practical.
Wang Meihua