(Essential questions) Wang Jianxue: How did the "September 18" incident kick off the world's anti-fascist war?

  China News Service, Shenyang, September 18th, title: How did the September 18th Incident kick off the world anti-fascist war?

——Interview with Professor Wang Jianxue, Honorary President of the Society of Chinese Modern History and Historical Materials

  China News Agency reporter Han Hong

  The Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression is an important part of the world's anti-fascist war and the main eastern battlefield of the world's anti-fascist war.

In 1931, the "September 18th" Incident fired the first shot of the 14-year war of resistance and opened the prelude to the world's anti-fascist war.

  On the 90th anniversary of the "September 18th" Incident, Professor Wang Jianxue, Honorary President of the Chinese Society of Modern and Contemporary History and Director of the September 18th History Research Center of Liaoning Province, accepted an exclusive interview with China News Agency "Dongxi Questions". The 18th Incident was the beginning of the World Anti-Fascist War, how the 14-year War of Resistance became the consensus of the whole people, and the roles played by the Communist Party of China and the Nationalist Government before and after the September 18th Incident.

Data map: Visitors visit the Shenyang "September 18" History Museum.

Photo by China News Agency reporter Yu Haiyang

The summary of the interview record is as follows:

China News Agency reporter: Why is the "September 18th" incident the beginning of the world's anti-fascist war?

Wang Jianxue: The

"September 18th" Incident was a very important international historical event in the 20th century. It was the starting point of the Chinese people's 14-year war of resistance and the prelude to the world's anti-fascist war.

  On the surface, the "September 18th" Incident was Japan's invasion of Shenyang, Northeast China, and China.

However, with the ever-increasing historical data, the historian discovered that the "September 18th" Incident was not a local conflict, but an international incident. It was Japan's war against the peace-loving people of the world.

  After the Meiji Restoration, Japan’s ambitions for external expansion continued to swell, and it formulated a “Mainland Policy” with the primary goal of invading North Korea and Northeast China. It proposed the first step to occupy "Manchuria", the second step to occupy China, and the third step to conquer the world. .

It can be seen that the "September 18th" incident started not only the war between China and Japan, but also the first step in Japan's vain attempt to conquer the world. Its international attempt is obvious.

  From a global perspective, the September 18th Incident was in the first stage of the world’s anti-fascist war.

The Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression is an important part of the world's anti-fascist war and the main eastern battlefield of the world's anti-fascist war.

The "September 18th" incident opened the prelude to the world's anti-fascist war. The six years from 1931 to 1937 should be viewed from the perspective of world history.

Data map: The picture shows the memorial for the victims of the Nanjing Massacre by the Japanese invaders. With the sound of the air defense sirens, the visitors stopped in silence and cherished the memory of the victims.

Photo by China News Agency reporter Yang Bo

China News Agency reporter: After the "September 18th" incident broke out, what actions did the Chinese Communist Party take, and how did it lead the people to victory in the War of Resistance step by step?

What measures did the Nationalist Government take at that time?

Wang Jianxue:

After the "September 18th" Incident broke out, the Communist Party of China played the role of trumpet and banner.

  At that time, Japan's aggressive intentions became increasingly obvious, and the Manchuria Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China always paid close attention to the movements of the Japanese army.

One month before the "September 18" incident, intelligence personnel from the branch of the Central Intelligence Department of the Communist Party of China "Manchuria Teke" stationed in the northeast found an abnormal phenomenon in Shenyang Nanman Station and other places, and reported the situation to the higher party organization and the Northeast authorities. Waiting for the report, it is said that the Japanese behaved abnormally in military positions along the South Manchurian Railway, and there are signs of "hands-on" in the near future.

Although this information has not received the due attention of the Northeast authorities, it has provided a reliable basis for the CPC Central Committee and the CPC Manchuria Provincial Committee to correctly grasp the trend of Japanese aggression and formulate policies and strategies.

  On the night of the September 18th Incident, Zhao Yimin, a member of the Standing Committee of the Manchuria Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and Minister of Propaganda, drafted the Manchuria Provincial Committee’s Declaration on the Armed Occupation of Manchuria by Japanese Imperialism (hereinafter referred to as the "September 19 Declaration"); the Manchuria Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China 19 It was published on Japan and posted on the streets of Shenyang, exposing the crimes of Japanese aggression.

The "September 19 Declaration" held that the "September 18th" incident was not accidental, but was an inevitable action taken by the Japanese imperialists to realize their "Mainland Policy" and "Manchurian Mongolian Policy." , Oppose the imperialist occupation of Manchuria!" and other slogans, took the lead in the voice of anti-Japanese.

  Since 1932, Northeast China has successively established anti-Japanese guerrillas, anti-Japanese Volunteers, and Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. This is a manifestation of the CCP’s core strength after the September 18th Incident.

  At that time, the Nanjing National Government was still focused on "encirclement and suppress" the CCP, and its overall policy was to "encircle and suppress the CCP".

After the "September 18" incident, Chiang Kai-shek called Zhang Xueliang: "The Shenyang Japanese army operation can be used as a local incident to avoid conflict, so as to prevent the situation from expanding all negotiations with Japan, and it is OK to wait for the central government to deal with it."

  The "non-resistance" of the Nationalist government caused the gradual fall of China's land and at the same time greatly stimulated the patriots to fight the war.

Although the Nationalist government did not resist, the Chinese military and civilians have always resisted.

Data map: People visit the "September 18th" History Museum in Shenyang.

Photo by China News Agency reporter Yu Haiyang

China News Agency reporter: What is the significance of the CCP’s first anti-Japanese declaration?

What impact did it have on the world anti-fascist war?

Wang

Jianxue

:

At the critical moment of national peril, the Communist Party of China issued the Anti-Japanese Declaration in the first place, raising the anti-Japanese flag with a clear-cut stand, so that the anti-Japanese people and patriotic soldiers at the time saw hope.

  The Communist Party of China was not only the initiator of the 14-year War of Resistance, but also the earliest practitioner of the War of Resistance. The "September 19 Manifesto" was the earliest manifestation of the Communist Party of China’s mainstay role in the 14-year War of Resistance.

  The "September 19 Declaration" has unique significance in the history of China's Anti-Japanese War and the history of the World Anti-Fascist War.

As the main battlefield in the East, China has made great contributions to the victory of the world's anti-fascist war.

Data map: Shenyang "September 18th" History Museum holds related themed activities.

Photo by China News Agency reporter Yu Haiyang

Reporter from China News Service: At present, what kind of understandings has the historians formed on the "September 18th" Incident?

Wang Jianxue: The

historian's understanding of the "September 18th" Incident can be summarized from the following aspects:

  The "September 18" incident was a national disaster.

From this day on, Japan gradually occupied the three provinces of Northeast China, and then began a full-scale invasion of China.

In 1932, the "September 18th" incident was first studied as a "national disaster" in the "Painful History of National Disaster" edited by Chen Jue.

  The "September 18th" incident is a national shame.

This is a rational positioning based on the perceptual knowledge of the "national crisis".

The outbreak of the "September 18th" Incident exposed many shortcomings in Chinese society. The dignity of the nation has been severely challenged and the country has been humiliated. As a result, the slogan "Don't forget the national humiliation, rejuvenate China."

  The "September 18th" Incident was the day of the War of Resistance Against Japan.

In recent years, research has found that Wang Tiehan, then head of the 620 regiment of the Peking University Garrison, described in detail the entire process of the Japanese raid on Peking University in his memoir "Resistance of Nonresistance."

That night, despite the "no resistance" command issued by Shangfeng, Wang Tiehan led his troops to fire the first shot of China's 14-year war of resistance.

He wrote in his memoirs, "The enemy invades our country and attacks our barracks. If you can tolerate it, the national character and personality cannot be maintained."

  The "September 18th" Incident fired the first shot of China's Anti-Japanese War, and this research conclusion has been adopted by many parties.

In January 2017, the Ministry of Education issued the "Letter on Fully Implementing the Concept of "Fourteen Years of Anti-Japanese War" in Local Curriculum Teaching Materials for Primary and Secondary Schools", requesting education authorities at all levels to conduct a comprehensive investigation and implementation.

So far, the academic research conclusions of the "Fourteen Years of War of Resistance" have become national consciousness and the consensus of the whole people.

Reporter from China News Service: What historical experiences and lessons from the September 18th Incident are worth summarizing?

Today, 90 years later, how should we look back at this period of history?

Wang Jianxue:

There are at least two historical experiences and lessons: the first is that backwardness must be beaten. Before the "September 18th" Incident, China, which was poor and weak, was bound to be beaten; The era that can open the door to China is gone forever.

The second is from a global perspective. In the face of wars and emergencies, countries need to unite to build a community with a shared future for mankind, instead of starting from their own interests.

This is of reference significance for countries in the world to jointly fight the epidemic and deal with various unstable factors.

  The younger generation should learn more about history, more real history, and more history related to the Chinese nation, such as the history of the Communist Party of China, the history of the Republic, the history of reform and opening up, and the history of socialism.

Only by understanding these can we know how to better contribute to the country and the nation.

(over)

About the interviewee:

  Wang Jianxue is the honorary president of the Chinese Society of Modern and Contemporary History and Historical Materials and the director of the September 18th History Research Center of Liaoning Province.

Before he retired in 2007, he served as the director and professor of the Department of Literature and History of the Liaoning Provincial Party School of the Communist Party of China. He mainly studied modern Chinese history and modern world history. Later, he focused on the history of the September 18th Incident and the history of the War of Resistance. The facts are displayed in the history of the Northeast Anti-Japanese War. The museum, the exhibition hall of the former court site of the Japanese war criminals trial in Shenyang, and the exhibition hall of the former site of the Shenyang World War II Allied Prisoner of War Camp served as consultants, and conducted academic research, which had a certain influence on the history of the "September 18th" Incident.