China News Service, September 3. According to the website of the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Education, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the National Health Commission, and the State Administration of Market Supervision issued the "Opinions" (hereinafter referred to as "Opinions").
The "Opinions" pointed out that it is necessary to increase the time for students to exercise, encourage primary and middle school students to take about 20 minutes of physical activity after they arrive at school, and ensure that students have 1 hour of physical activity every day in and out of school.
Data map: Primary school students follow the coach to do training on the basketball court.
Photo by Qu Honglun
The "Opinions" make it clear that we must adhere to the principles of health first, oriented to all, prevention first, and problem-oriented.
Combine health education with moral education, intellectual education, physical education, aesthetic education, and labor education, and integrate it into the whole process of education, teaching, and management services to build a health education system that is oriented to everyone and everyone is responsible; establish the concept of general health and general health, and popularize health Knowledge, optimize health services, improve health protection, guide the establishment of a correct view of health, and shift from disease prevention as the center to health promotion as the center.
In terms of work objectives, the "Opinions" pointed out that in 2025, the new era of school hygiene and health education work pattern led by the government, departmental collaboration, school implementation, and social participation will be more complete.
The time for school health education is effectively guaranteed, and the effect of health education and teaching has been significantly improved.
The school-running conditions meet the basic national school hygiene standards.
The school's ability to respond to public health emergencies such as prediction, research and judgment, precise management and control, and emergency response has been significantly enhanced.
Students’ health literacy has generally improved, disease prevention awareness and health management capabilities have been significantly enhanced, and their physical fitness has been significantly improved.
In 2035, school hygiene conditions, sports facilities, health education and health literacy levels will be basically modernized to meet the requirements of building a strong education country and healthy China, and form a high-quality school hygiene and health education system in the new era.
The "Opinions" put forward 8 requirements in deepening education and teaching reform
:
Improve students' health literacy.
Focus on student health literacy with health concepts, health knowledge, health methods, health management capabilities, etc. as the main connotation, encourage students to develop good hygiene behaviors and habits, maintain a civilized, healthy, green and environmentally friendly lifestyle, and form a healthy and civilized campus culture.
Focus on primary and secondary schools, pay attention to the connection between large, medium and small children, improve the promotion mechanism of school health education with classroom teaching as the main channel, theme education as an important carrier, and daily education as the basis, improve the evaluation mechanism of student health literacy, and include it in education evaluation Reform to form a good atmosphere for the promotion of all the school staff and the health of all students.
Clarify the content of health education.
Construct an integrated health education content system divided into different sections.
Revise the "Guiding Outline of Health Education for Primary and Secondary Schools" and implement the "Guiding Outline of Health Education for General Higher Schools."
Advocating science, respecting life, and guiding students to actively learn and master daily exercise, infectious disease prevention, food hygiene and safety, reasonable diet, physical examination, mental health, growth and development, sexual and reproductive health, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, safety and avoidance and emergency care, etc. Knowledge and skills.
Incorporate the prevention of new types of drugs and other drug education into the health education curriculum.
Implement thematic educational tasks for AIDS prevention, and strengthen education on adolescence, sexual ethics and sexual responsibility.
Develop teaching resources for health education.
Carry out national school health education demonstration courses and exchanges of teaching and research.
Implement the course hours requirements.
Improve curriculum arrangements, systematically design teaching standards, teacher staff, evaluation systems, and institutional guarantees to ensure that health education is implemented throughout the entire education process in schools of all levels and types.
Encourage ordinary colleges and universities to offer health education compulsory courses or elective courses, normal colleges and physical education colleges should offer health education compulsory courses and teaching methods.
Implement the health education teaching time for each school period. Primary and secondary schools should arrange 4 health education class hours in the total class time of the physical education and health curriculum each semester.
Expand health education channels.
Construct a health education model that combines subject teaching and practical activities, in-class education and extra-curricular education, and regular publicity education and centralized publicity education.
Relying on important activities and time nodes such as "Teacher and Student Health and Chinese Health" theme health education, "Chinese Student Nutrition Day" and other important activities and time nodes, health education is carried out to students, teachers and parents in multiple channels and forms.
Encourage the development of health knowledge competitions, health skills demonstrations, etc., and hold a national school health education achievement display every year.
Innovate the form of health education and deepen the "Internet + health education".
Extensive education on health and epidemic prevention laws and regulations such as the Law on Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases and the Regulations on Emergency Response to Public Health Emergencies.
Encourage schools to build health education experience rooms and health education principals (famous teachers) studios.
Support student associations and volunteers to carry out publicity and education of health knowledge.
Ensure food nutrition and health.
Advocate balanced nutrition and balanced diet.
The school is equipped with qualified full-time (part-time) nutrition instructors and food safety management personnel to carry out student dietary nutrition monitoring and implement student nutrition intervention measures.
According to age and growth and development characteristics, provide students with a balanced and nutritious diet.
Guide parents to scientifically arrange family meals.
Strengthen diet education, guide students to cherish food, respect labor, practice the "CD Action", understand food labels and signs, and form a new trend of healthy eating.
Implement the "School Food Safety and Nutrition and Health Management Regulations", strictly implement the school food safety management, fully implement the school food safety principal (primary) responsibility system, improve the school principal's meal system and parent committee representatives to participate in the school food safety supervision and inspection mechanism.
Establish a safe drinking water management system for schools and conduct regular water quality monitoring.
Strengthen the comprehensive management of food safety on campus and surrounding areas.
Increase physical exercise time.
In accordance with the requirements of the church, diligent training, and regular competitions, we will start physical education and health classes, strengthen school physical education and training, and improve the sports competition and talent training system.
Promote Chinese traditional sports, launch all-staff sports games and parent-child sports games.
Strictly implement the system of eye exercises and inter-class exercises, and encourage primary and middle school students to take about 20 minutes of physical activity after arriving at school.
Ensure that students have 1 hour of physical activity time on campus and off campus each day.
Strengthen mental health education.
Carry out life education and family education to enhance students' awareness of respecting and cherishing life.
Cultivate students' positive psychological qualities, maintain an optimistic attitude, guide students to establish healthy concepts, consciously maintain mental health, master the skills to correctly deal with negative emotions and psychological pressures in academics, interpersonal relationships, etc., improve psychological adaptability, and achieve self-esteem, self-confidence, and rationality Peaceful.
Strengthen psychological crisis intervention in special periods such as major epidemics and major disasters, and strengthen humanistic care and psychological counseling.
Increase the construction of mental health talents in schools. The proportion of primary and secondary schools with full-time (part-time) mental health staff will reach 80% in 2022, and 90% in 2030.
Develop healthy behavior habits.
Maintain daily health behaviors and habits such as frequent hand washing, frequent ventilation, sharing meals, using public spoons and chopsticks, scientifically taking medicine, and avoiding overeating of wild animals. Self-protection and hand hygiene should be maintained in daily life.
Maintain a regular schedule and adequate sleep.
Drink plenty of healthy water and reduce drink intake.
Practice the concept of green environmental protection to reduce pollution and waste.
In terms of consolidating the foundation of sanitation work, the "Opinions" put forward:
Carry out a patriotic health campaign.
Carry forward the spirit of the patriotic health movement and the great anti-epidemic spirit, and promote the transformation of the patriotic health movement on campus in the new era from environmental health management to teacher and student health management.
Promote and implement the requirements for classification of domestic waste.
Promote the revolution of school toilets, build and transform school sanitary toilets.
Intensify publicity and education on tobacco control in schools, and build smoke-free schools.
Improve the disease prevention system.
Consolidate, deepen and expand the results and experience of the new crown pneumonia epidemic prevention and control in the education system, and comprehensively improve the ability to respond to public health emergencies, emergency management capabilities, and health management capabilities.
Adhere to the common prevention of multiple diseases, improve the epidemic prevention and control system, improve the school public health emergency information reporting system, the epidemic investigation system, the health inspection system, the observation and isolation system, and the medical school joint prevention system to achieve early detection, early reporting, and early prevention. Isolation and early treatment.
Prevent and control the occurrence and development of students' myopia, obesity, and abnormal spine curvature, and regularly adjust the height of students' desks and chairs.
Revise the "Administrative Measures for the Health Examination of Primary and Secondary School Students" to include the spine health examination into the physical examination items for primary and secondary school students.
Strengthen student health examination management and data analysis application.
Implement physical health monitoring.
Carry out student physique health test every year, carry out national compulsory education stage student physique health monitoring every 3 years, carry out national student physique health monitoring and survey every 5 years.
Comprehensively carry out the monitoring and intervention evaluation of students' common diseases and health influencing factors.
Build a national student health management information system, establish and improve student health electronic files, and exchange and share relevant data with the health and health system.
Strengthen student health management, carry out health evaluation, formulate personalized health guidance plans and issue health prescriptions for students.
Explore the establishment of a health management system for students with specific constitutions and special diseases.
Strengthen first aid education in schools.
Implement a youth first aid education action plan, improve school first aid education standards, strengthen the construction of school first aid facilities and first aid education training for teachers and students, and incorporate it into the education "14th Five-Year Plan" to provide protection in terms of human, financial, and material aspects.
Encourage the development and application of high-quality first aid skills education and training curriculum resources, build a team of high-level first-aid training lecturers, strengthen first-aid training for school-age students, and gradually popularize first-aid knowledge and skills among teachers and students.
Promote the construction of sanitation facilities.
In accordance with the basic standards of national school sports and hygiene conditions, strengthen quality certification management, promote the construction of teaching and hygiene and living facilities at a high level, and improve the school's running conditions with high quality.
The drinking water, classroom lighting and lighting, ventilation, heating, toilets and other sanitary equipment of newly-built schools should strictly implement the latest national standards.
Formulate standards for the provision of university hospitals, primary and secondary school health rooms (health rooms).
Strengthen the publicity and application of school hygiene standards.
Optimize the organization settings.
Encourage schools to establish health education centers, integrate internal and external resources to improve health education capabilities, and provide high-quality health education services.
Strengthen the construction of school health departments of disease control institutions, regional primary and secondary school health care institutions, university hospitals, and primary and secondary school health rooms (health rooms), and provide health professionals and technical personnel.
Expand the functions of existing disease control institutions and regional primary and middle school health care institutions, and strengthen business guidance and technical training.
In 2022, the proportion of primary and secondary schools with full-time health technical personnel, full-time (part-time) health teachers or health professional technical personnel will reach 70%, and by 2030, it will reach 90%.
Strengthen the training of talents.
Encourage qualified colleges and universities to set up health education and other related majors, support colleges and universities to set up health education colleges, and train health education teachers.
Intensify the training of medical talents in general medicine, explore ways to solve the problem of school doctors and health education teachers through order-oriented free medical student training, medical institution deployment, or provide related services through government purchases.
Implement the school health education teacher training plan, strengthen the training of health education teachers, and establish a regular rotation training system.
Take health education as an important part of continuing education and training for teachers and include it in the "National Training Plan."
Make health education an important part of pre-service and post-service training for school health professionals, full-time (part-time) health teachers, health education teachers, and physical education teachers.
Use big data and cloud platforms to improve the medical service capabilities of school doctors and the level of health education.
Improve the incentive and guarantee mechanism.
Localities and colleges and universities must adhere to the orientation of results, contributions, and performance, improve the professional title review system, implement classified evaluation, and participate in the professional title review in accordance with regulations for health education teachers, school doctors, and health teachers in primary and secondary schools and universities.
Improve the training, admission, promotion, treatment, evaluation and incentive mechanisms of school doctors and other school health professionals.
The participation of school doctors in school health education, infectious disease prevention and control, and on-duty duties are included in the workload, and remuneration is issued according to standards.
Build a professional research platform.
Effectively give play to the role of think tanks such as the National Health Education and Teaching Steering Committee for primary and secondary schools and colleges and universities.
All localities and relevant universities should strengthen health education teaching research and discipline construction, establish health education teaching and other expert organizations, serve scientific decision-making, and improve the professional and scientific level of school health and health education.