It is expected that more than 40 million new skilled talents will be added during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period

The Skills China Action is officially launched (policy interpretation)

  Our reporter Li Xinping

  "People's Daily" (Version 02 on August 30, 2021)

  Recently, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued the "Skills China Action" Implementation Plan (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan") and proposed that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the implementation of the Skills China Action will increase more than 40 million skilled talents.

  Why start the Skills China Initiative in the first year of the "14th Five-Year Plan"?

How to achieve the goal of 40 million new skilled talents?

The reporter interviewed relevant officials and experts from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security.

Conducive to alleviating the structural contradictions in employment

  The team of skilled workers is an important foundation for supporting Chinese manufacturing and Chinese creation, and plays an important role in promoting high-quality economic development.

  Chen Lixiang, vice president of the Chinese Vocational and Technical Education Association, said that highly skilled talents undertake important tasks such as transforming R&D design into actual products, participating in technological innovation and technological research.

"In recent years, my country's innovation breakthroughs in equipment manufacturing and other fields are inseparable from the collective wisdom of a high-level innovation team including skilled personnel."

  "During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the scale of skilled talents in my country has been significantly expanded, training and training have been accelerated, vocational skills competitions have been vigorously carried out, skilled talent evaluation and incentive policies have been improved, and skilled talent work has achieved positive results." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said. As of the end of 2020, there are more than 200 million skilled workers nationwide, of which about 58 million are highly skilled personnel, and highly skilled personnel account for nearly 30% of skilled personnel.

  However, judging from the actual situation, the shortage of skilled workers is still quite prominent, especially the ratio of high-skilled talents (the ratio of job vacancies to the number of job applicants) has remained above 2 for a long time.

  "In recent years, with the continuous optimization and upgrading of my country's manufacturing enterprises, especially the acceleration of the digital transformation process, enterprises have higher and higher requirements for the skill level of workers, and the demand for composite skilled workers that meets the requirements of the enterprise is in short supply." Yangtze River Industry, Nanjing University Said Xu Ning, a researcher at the Economic Research Institute.

  "According to surveys conducted by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Education, among the ten key areas of manufacturing alone, there will be a shortage of nearly 30 million skilled talents by 2025." Chen Lixiang said.

  Therefore, the "Plan" proposes to implement the Skills China Action, which will lead to the formation of a large-scale, reasonable structure, superb skills, and high-quality skilled talents that basically meet the needs of my country's economic and social high-quality development.

  "Implementing the Skills China Action will help alleviate the current structural employment contradictions." According to Zhang Chenggang, an associate professor at the School of Labor Economics, Capital University of Economics and Business, the current structural contradictions in employment in my country are prominent, and the difficulty of recruiting and employment coexists, the root of which lies in the demand and supply of labor. The key to mismatch lies in the lack of skills of some workers.

"As the efficiency of economic development increases, economic structure is continuously adjusted, and the industry is transformed and upgraded, the'dilemma' will become more prominent. Accelerating the improvement of the skills and quality of workers is both a top priority and a long-term solution."

Strive to reach 30% of skilled personnel in employment

  The "Plan" proposes that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, more than 40 million skilled talents will be added, and skilled talents will account for 30% of employed persons. High-skilled talents will account for 35% of skilled talents in eastern provinces, and high-skilled talents in central and western provinces will be involved. The proportion of skilled personnel will increase by 2-3 percentage points on the existing basis.

  "This is the first time that China has proposed building skills. From the perspective of stability and caution, we focused on research and determined the goals and tasks during the '14th Five-Year Plan' period." The person in charge of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said that the requirements for eastern provinces are even higher. On the one hand, Promote the eastern provinces to closely follow the regional economic development, innovate the work of skilled talents, and train more highly skilled talents and "big country craftsmen" for high-quality development; on the other hand, it is also to use the successful practice and first-mover advantages of the eastern region to drive the central and western regions Skilled talents work to achieve a new pattern of balanced development of skilled talents.

  In order to ensure the realization of the objectives and tasks, the "Plan" starts with the training, use, evaluation, and incentives of skilled talents, and puts forward 20 specific measures around the improvement and improvement of the skills China policy system and the implementation of skills upgrading, skills strengthening enterprises, and skills cooperation. .

  -Vigorously cultivate skilled talents and implement skills upgrading actions.

  During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security will continue to implement vocational skills improvement actions, carry out large-scale high-quality vocational skills training, and improve the employment and entrepreneurship ability and level of workers.

  Since the beginning of this year, in order to better carry out high-quality vocational skills training, 31 provinces and 155 cities of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps have launched online vocational skills e-training vouchers.

Poor laborers, unemployed people, college graduates, and corporate employees can log in to social security card accounts to receive training vouchers, so that they can "recharge" classes by scanning codes.

Data shows that as of mid-April, a total of 1,756,700 coupons have been issued and 84,300 coupons have been used.

  ——Support the development of enterprises in the industry and implement the action of "Strengthening Enterprises with Skills".

  The "Plan" continues to implement a new apprenticeship system for enterprises with Chinese characteristics.

Chen Lixiang introduced that the new enterprise apprenticeship system is based on the traditional apprenticeship system, introducing vocational education and training institutions to coordinate training, and providing policy support and financial subsidies.

"Enterprises can reduce the cost of talent training, improve apprenticeship skills, and schools have the opportunity to directly participate in corporate practice."

  In 2020, the first batch of new enterprise apprenticeship classes in Kunshan, Jiangsu will officially start.

"All training is free!" said Zhou Qiang, a new apprenticeship class student in Kunshan City. According to the policy, those who have obtained the qualifications of senior technicians through training can receive a subsidy of 8,000 yuan.

  ——Incorporate into the world skills movement and implement the "skills cooperation" action.

  "We will adopt the method of going out and introducing in, learn from and absorb the successful experience and advanced practices of advanced countries in the world to train, use, and evaluate skilled talents, and strengthen the international mutual recognition of professional qualification certificates." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said, The Ministry of Social Affairs will do its best to host the 46th Shanghai WorldSkills Competition and continue to do a good job in participating in the WorldSkills Competition.

Promote the inclusion of high-skilled talents in the scope of direct settlement in cities

  What are the favorable measures for skilled talents in implementing the Skills China Initiative?

"The "Plan" specifically proposes to implement skills incentive actions to create an environment and atmosphere conducive to the growth of skilled talents." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said.

  ——Implement the social status of skilled talents and promote the inclusion of highly skilled talents in the scope of direct settlement in cities.

  The "Plan" requires that high-skilled talents be included in the scope of direct settlement in cities, and their spouses and children enjoy public employment, education, housing and other security services in accordance with relevant regulations.

"This is a recognition and affirmation of the social status of skilled talents." Chen Lixiang said, Shenzhen has implemented a household entry system for high-skilled talents since 2012, attracting more than 100,000 high-skilled talents each year. The rapid development has laid a foundation for talents.

  At the same time, the "Plan" clarified that senior workers and preparatory technicians (technicians) graduates of technical colleges and universities will be enlisted in the army, employment, determination of the starting salary standard, recruitment of institutions and institutions, evaluation of professional titles, and promotion of posts in accordance with the requirements of the college. , Bachelor degree graduates enjoy the same treatment.

  ——Implement the "Skilled Talents Salary Distribution Guidelines" to improve the level of skilled talents' remuneration.

  Earlier, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued the "Skilled Talent Salary Distribution Guidelines" in order to promote enterprises to establish and improve a salary distribution system that meets the characteristics of skilled talents.

"For a long time, the salary of skilled workers in our country has been generally low, and the salary of skilled workers has been inhibited as a signal to guide workers to invest in human capital." Chen Lixiang said that improving the salary system for skilled talents is conducive to enhancing the professional identity of skilled talents. Make more young people love and learn skills.

  ——Support enterprises to independently carry out skill level identification.

  The "Plan" is clear and supports enterprises to independently determine the scope of evaluation occupations (types of work), independently set vocational skill positions, independently develop and formulate evaluation standards and norms, independently use evaluation methods, and independently carry out skilled talent evaluation.

  As of the end of May this year, more than 5,200 enterprises and more than 1,800 social training evaluation organizations across the country have completed the registration of vocational skills level certification and evaluation agencies, and more than 2.3 million enterprise skilled personnel have passed the evaluation and obtained vocational skills level certificates.