Beijing BEIJING, August 29 electrical

problem: the ethnic scholar Yan-: China's new era of national work what banner, what road?

　　Author Wang Yanzhong

　　The 2021 Central Ethnic Work Conference is the fifth central special conference on ethnic work held by the Communist Party of China since the reform and opening up, and it is also the second central ethnic work conference held since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important speech comprehensively reviewed the glorious history and historical achievements of the CCP’s ethnic work over the past century, deeply analyzed the new situation facing ethnic work at present, and scientifically answered important questions such as what flag to raise and what path to take in ethnic work in the new era. The latest summary of national work practice is the latest achievement of the Sinicization of Marxist national theory, and is the fundamental follow for doing national work in the new era.

The speech will surely promote the high-quality development of China's ethnic affairs and the modernization of the governance system and capabilities of China's ethnic affairs.

　Firmly grasp the main line of the consciousness of the Chinese nation's community

　　The Central National Work Conference not only took the casting of the consciousness of the Chinese nation’s community as one of the 12 valuable experiences for solving national problems with Chinese characteristics, but also further systematically explained the deep connotation, core principles, spiritual essence and practice of casting the sense of the Chinese nation’s community. Require.

　　Forging the sense of community of the Chinese nation is the historical destination of the development of the Chinese nation with a long history of civilization for more than 5,000 years, and it is an objective requirement to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

The various ethnic groups in China have formed a de facto community in which you have me, you have you, you cannot do without me, and I cannot do without you.

In modern times, in the struggle against foreign powers, especially under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, people of all ethnic groups have not only formed the consciousness of the Chinese nation, but have also continuously strengthened the community bonds and firm beliefs of sharing weal and woe, honour and disgrace, life and death, and destiny.

To forge the consciousness of the community of the Chinese nation is to condense and summarize the above-mentioned facts, ties, and beliefs that have developed from history to today.

　　Fifty-six ethnic groups form the Chinese National Community, and they are also a family that share weal and woe in material and spiritual aspects.

The interests of 56 ethnic groups are inseparable from the overall interests of the Chinese nation.

In today's world and the forest of nations in the world where the country is the basic unit, the Chinese nation community is a whole.

Only by forging the sense of community of the Chinese nation can the 56 nations unite more consciously.

Forging the sense of community of the Chinese nation can not only unite the people of all ethnic groups in unity and struggle for common prosperity and development, but also become a strong ideological wall for safeguarding national unity and ethnic unity, effectively resisting the infiltration and subversion of various extreme and divisive ideas.

Forging the sense of community of the Chinese nation is not only an ideological weapon to safeguard the overall interests of the Chinese nation, but also an inevitable requirement for safeguarding the fundamental interests of all nations.

Only by building a strong sense of the community of the Chinese nation can the fundamental interests of all ethnic groups be realized, safeguarded, and developed.

　　Forging a strong sense of the community of the Chinese nation has a strong practical pertinence for doing a good job of national work in the new era.

For a period of time, there have been certain deviations in Chinese ethnic work in some regions and fields, such as overemphasizing local interests, curing differences in ethnic identities, and insufficient fairness in policies in the same region.

In order to promote the Chinese nation to become a community of destiny with a higher degree of recognition and stronger cohesion, it is necessary to adapt to the changes of the times, improve national work in the direction of enhancing commonality, and achieve the dialectical unity of commonality and difference, ethnic factors and regional factors. Organically combine to create a new situation in national work.

Correctly handle the four basic relations of ethnic work

　　In his speech, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that it is necessary to "correctly grasp the relationship between commonality and difference", "correctly grasp the relationship between the consciousness of the Chinese nation's community and the consciousness of various ethnic groups", "correctly grasp the relationship between Chinese culture and the culture of various ethnic groups", and "correctly grasp the material The relationship with the spirit".

These four "correct grasps" are not only very important basic theoretical issues, but also very urgent practical work issues.

Correctly understanding and handling these four sets of basic relationships is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the spirit of this Central National Work Conference and for doing a good job in national work in the new era.

　　China is a unified multi-ethnic country.

New China established 56 ethnic groups through ethnic identification, and together they formed the Chinese nation.

However, for a period of time, ethnic work has gradually changed to a certain degree of special policies aimed at ethnic minorities, which has made the issue of how to understand and handle the relationship between the 56 ethnic groups and the Chinese nation increasingly complicated.

Although the theory of the pluralistic unity structure of the Chinese nation put forward by the theoretical circles in the late 1980s gave a macro-interpretation framework, how to treat and handle the relationship between "multiple" (56 ethnic groups) and "one body" (Chinese nation) in practice , The related disputes have been ongoing and have some impact on actual work.

　　Based on the strategic height of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the historical position of doing well in the party and nation work in the new era, General Secretary Xi Jinping’s four "correct grasps" in his speech have captured the greatest confusion in theoretical understanding and practical work, and also pointed out The way of solving puzzles is to take the forging of the consciousness of the community of the Chinese nation as the main line of national work in the new era.

Starting from the main line can better promote national work in the new era.

　　"Correctly grasp the relationship between commonality and difference" means to better enhance the commonality of all ethnic groups on the basis of acknowledging and respecting the differences of various ethnic groups, and to make the Chinese nation a community of shared future with higher recognition and stronger cohesion. .

　　"Correctly grasp the relationship between the consciousness of the Chinese nation's community and the consciousness of various nationalities" actually distinguishes the level of the core issue of "national consciousness", which was not clear in the past, from the master-slave relationship.

As a citizen of a modern country, each citizen not only has his own national identity and national consciousness, but also must establish and strengthen his identity and national consciousness as a member of the Chinese nation.

At the same time, in the journey of modernization to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the identity and national consciousness of the nation must also be subordinate to and serve the identity and consciousness of the Chinese nation.

These thesis clearly pointed out the direction for handling the relationship between the national consciousness and the Chinese national consciousness, and the national identity and the national identity.

　　"Correctly grasp the relationship between Chinese culture and national culture" is similar to the above-mentioned second group of relationships. The connotation and extension of "culture" and "national culture" are richer, and the relationship dimension is more complicated.

　　"Correctly grasp the relationship between material and spiritual" is a major proposition put forward by General Secretary Xi Jinping at the 2014 Central National Work Conference. At that time, he put forward the two keys to both "material power" and "spiritual power". The discussion mainly starts from the methods and methods of doing national work well.

This time, the relationship between "material and spirit" has been raised to the perspective of dialectics and methodology, which is a leap in theoretical understanding, and has further enhanced the guiding significance of national work and other work.

Really adjust the direction of China's national work with the focus on enhancing commonality

　　There is a very close relationship between forging the consciousness of the Chinese nation's community, strengthening the building of the Chinese nation's community, and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　Improving national work in the direction of enhancing commonality is an objective need for the innovation and development of the party's national work in the new era.

In the centuries of the party’s history and the practice of the Chinese nation’s work, we must continue to adhere to the correct policies that are in line with reality, have outstanding results, and are conducive to common unity and struggle and common prosperity and development, and must be adjusted in the direction of forging the Chinese nation’s sense of community and enhancing commonality. Outdated policies and regulations that do not adapt to the times will better protect the legitimate rights and interests of the people of all ethnic groups, and better realize the fairness and justice of citizens of all ethnic groups in the process of modernization and development.

We must actively and steadily reform policies that are not in line with reality or in line with the development of the situation.

Through reforms, the significance of strengthening the construction of the Chinese nation community will be better demonstrated.

　　Implemented in ethnic regional autonomous areas, such reforms should better promote the organic integration of ethnic and regional factors, based on the realities of different regions and different ethnic groups, based on the principle of fairness and justice, and more targeted at specific regions, special issues, and special issues. Formulate and implement differentiated regional support policies, instead of merely determining specialization policies based on ethnic identity as in the past.

On the one hand, reduce the policy differences among ethnic groups in the same region and at the same level of development; on the other hand, don’t make comparisons between ethnic regions and ethnic regional autonomous areas in different regions with different conditions to strive for policies.

Comprehensively improve the modernization level of China's ethnic affairs governance system and governance capabilities

　　Ethnic work is about the overall situation, and it cannot be ignored in ancient or modern times.

Regardless of the historical traditions and current national conditions of all countries in the world, maintaining national unity and national unity is the supreme interest of the country and the fundamental interest of the people of all ethnic groups in the country.

Countries in the world have not only accumulated rich experience in this regard, but also left many lessons worthy of summarization or reflection.

　　China’s experience in governance of ethnic affairs accumulated over thousands of years is precious.

With the continuous acceleration of industrialization, urbanization, and modernization, the population of various ethnic groups in China has flowed across the country on a large scale, and the scope, connotation, and content of ethnic work are all undergoing changes.

The two-way population flow between ethnic regions and other regions, the large-scale entry of ethnic minorities into towns and coastal areas, the concentration of ethnic minority populations in urban and rural communities, especially large and medium-sized cities, and the expansion of the embedded living work pattern of various ethnic groups have greatly changed " The traditional connotation of "ethnic work" in ethnic areas.

In the new era, the focus of ethnic work must be lowered and the work must be tilted to the grassroots level. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of grassroots ethnic work institutions and ethnic work forces, vigorously train and train ethnic cadres, and ensure that the party's ethnic theories and ethnic policies are understood at the grassroots level.

　　To promote the modernization of ethnic affairs governance, we must adhere to the rule of law thinking.

We must conscientiously implement the spirit of the Constitution and the concept of governing the country according to law, protect the legitimate rights and interests of the people of all ethnic groups in accordance with the law, properly handle cases involving ethnic factors in accordance with the law, crack down on various illegal and criminal acts in accordance with the law, achieve equality before the law, and continuously improve ethnic work The level of rule of law.

At the same time, it is necessary to recognize that ethnic work is closely related to national unity, social stability, and national security, actively and prudently handle ideological and national security issues involving ethnic factors, resolutely prevent major hidden risks in the ethnic field, and ensure national unity, ethnic unity and social stability.

(over)

　　(The author is the director of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)