"The 14th Five-Year Plan" The Yellow River Basin Urban Sewage and Garbage Treatment Is So Dry
The Yellow River Basin is an important economic belt and ecological barrier in China, and it has a pivotal strategic position in my country's economic and social development and ecological security.
Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development jointly issued the "14th Five-Year Plan" Implementation Plan for Urban Sewage and Garbage Treatment in the Yellow River Basin (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan").
What is the status quo of urban sewage and garbage disposal in the Yellow River Basin?
How will it be done during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period?
The reporter conducted interviews on related issues.
Make up for shortcomings and improve operation management
"The Yellow River is governed by protection and governance." According to the relevant person in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission, during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, 9 provinces (regions) along the Yellow River continued to increase investment in urban environmental infrastructure construction and urban sewage collection. The treatment capacity is gradually improved, the capacity of urban waste treatment is gradually enhanced, and the shortcomings of the capacity of urban medical waste treatment are basically complemented, laying a solid foundation for the fight against pollution.
At the same time, the urban sewage and garbage treatment in the Yellow River Basin still has the problem of insufficient development and imbalance, the shortcomings of facilities are prominent, the level of resource utilization is not high, the operation and maintenance capacity is not strong, the mechanism is not sound enough, and the ecological protection and high quality of the Yellow River Basin There is still a certain gap in development requirements.
“The accumulation of environmental pollution in the Yellow River Basin is deep, and the water quality is generally worse than the national average.” said Gong Daoxiao, Dean of the Water Affairs Institute of China Urban Planning and Design Institute. In the future, opportunities and challenges coexist in the promotion of urban sewage and garbage disposal.
In this regard, the "Plan" proposes to speed up filling the shortcomings of urban sewage and garbage treatment facilities, improve the level of operation and management, effectively improve the performance of pollutant reduction, promote the utilization of resources, and meet the people's growing needs for a better life and a beautiful ecological environment , To promote ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.
"Equal attention to construction and management" to improve sewage and garbage disposal capacity
The "Plan" clarifies that by 2025, the urban built-up areas will basically eliminate the direct discharge of domestic sewage and the blank areas of collection and treatment facilities, and the centralized collection rate of urban domestic sewage will reach more than 70%; the sewage treatment rate of county towns will reach more than 95%, and the sewage treatment of organized towns Ability is significantly improved.
By 2025, 10 cities in Taiyuan, Hohhot, Jinan, Tai'an, Zhengzhou, Xi’an, Xianyang, Lanzhou, Xining, and Yinchuan will further improve their domestic waste sorting and disposal capacity; prefecture-level cities will basically complete the sorting of domestic waste disposal, sorting collection, sorting transportation, Classification processing system.
The person in charge said that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, we must adhere to scientific planning, coordinated advancement, adapt measures to local conditions, make up for shortcomings, energy-saving, low-carbon, green recycling, government-led, and multiple co-governance principles, and systematically promote urban sewage and waste treatment facilities Construction.
To improve the capacity of urban sewage collection and treatment, it is necessary to make up for the shortcomings of the sewage collection pipe network and promote the full coverage of the sewage pipe network; implement classified policies to promote sewage treatment, and increase the sewage treatment capacity by about 3.5 million cubic meters per day; promote the harmless sludge For chemical treatment, the scale of newly-added non-hazardous chemical treatment facilities is about 3,500 tons/day.
In addition, in terms of improving the urban garbage disposal system, it is necessary to improve the garbage classification collection and transportation system, and promote the classification and collection of domestic garbage. The new domestic garbage classification collection and transportation capacity is about 18,000 tons/day; The domestic waste incineration treatment capacity is about 28,000 tons/day, the new kitchen waste treatment capacity is about 8,000 tons/day, and the existing domestic waste treatment facilities are not less than 70.
"During the '14th Five-Year Plan' period, urban sewage and garbage treatment in the Yellow River Basin has implemented'equal attention to construction and management', aiming to coordinate the promotion of high-quality construction and high-level operation and maintenance of facilities." The person in charge said that it is necessary to improve the assessment and incentive mechanism to build sewage and garbage. The treatment service quality indicator system will be improved, and the performance-oriented assessment and incentive mechanism of pollutant reduction will be improved, and the pay-for-effect mechanism that links the operating service fee to the concentration of pollutants in the sewage treatment plant and the amount of pollutant reduction is promoted.
At the same time, the implementation of professional operation and maintenance, encourages the selection of operation and maintenance entities through market-based competition; innovative operation and management methods, encourages the integration and packaging of projects of different scales and different profit levels to grant franchise rights, and promotes third-party governance of environmental pollution.
Hu Hongying, a professor at the School of Environment of Tsinghua University, believes that sewage treatment in organic towns should be advanced steadily, and the planning and construction of facilities should be promoted with resource utilization as the guide.
According to the principle of "according to needs, according to ability", determine the process route and construction scale, avoid the problems of excess sewage treatment design capacity and low operating load, ensure the sustainable operation of sewage treatment facilities, and improve the operation efficiency of sewage treatment plants.
In Gong Daoxiao's view, the Yellow River ecosystem is an organic whole.
Urban sewage and garbage treatment should fully consider the differences between upstream, midstream and downstream, adhere to local conditions, and implement classified policies. At the same time, it should also focus on the integrity, relevance and system of the basin, and coordinate the promotion of urban sewage and garbage treatment.
Reduce pollution and carbon, improve the level of resource utilization
The "Plan" requires strengthening the utilization of resources, promoting the utilization of sewage resources, carrying out pilot demonstrations, and building, rebuilding and expanding the production capacity of recycled water about 3 million cubic meters per day; doing a good job in reducing, stabilizing, and harmless sludge Steadily promote the resource utilization of sludge; strengthen the resource utilization of domestic waste, and build 50 new domestic waste resource utilization projects.
Hu Hongying suggested that to improve the level of sewage resource utilization, it is necessary to upgrade and transform existing sewage treatment plants, and reuse the reclaimed water that meets relevant standards for ecological water replenishment, industrial use, and municipal miscellaneous use; rational layout of distributed sewage treatment and recycling Facility, implement qualitative water supply and point-to-point water supply.
Promote the transformation of sewage treatment plants from "single function of pollution control" to "dual functions of pollution control and water supply". Through flexible mechanisms such as the government's purchase of ecological water replenishment services and reclaimed water market pricing, the sewage treatment plant can obtain reasonable "economic benefits of water supply".
"Sewage resource utilization is a systematic project, which requires overall planning and coordinated advancement." Hu Hongying said that we should take the pilot demonstration as an opportunity to promote the planning and construction of the regional reclaimed water recycling system; promote the deep integration of industry, university, research and use, research, development and integration Validate a batch of applicable technologies for the utilization of wastewater resources; explore and improve the policy system, standard system, evaluation and certification system, market incentive system, and supervision and management system, etc., to form a wastewater utilization system that meets the characteristics of the Yellow River Basin and is compatible with the stage of economic development Mechanism and sustainable model.
In addition, Gong Daoxiao said that the Yellow River Basin is an important energy base for my country.
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, we should promote synergy in reducing pollution and carbon, reduce energy consumption, reduce environmental impact, and help achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.
(Reporter Liu Kun)