Guiding documents issued by the Ministry of Education——
Curriculum teaching materials will strengthen major thematic education content
Our reporter Zhang Shuo and Yan Yiqiao
Curriculum teaching materials should be Bacon to create soul, enlighten wisdom and increase wisdom.
To cultivate "root" is to lay the foundation of China, and to cast "soul" is to implant the red gene.
"Curriculum textbooks to strengthen education on major themes are the inherent requirement for Bacon to forge the soul, cultivate socialist qualified builders and reliable successors, and the essential requirement for improving the level of curriculum textbook construction." On August 24, at the press conference of the Ministry of Education, Introduction by Tian Huisheng, Director of the Textbook Bureau of the Ministry of Education.
Recently, the Ministry of Education has strengthened the overall design of major thematic education, and has researched and formulated the "Xi Jinping New Era Socialist Thought with Chinese Characteristics Curriculum Guide", "Chinese Excellent Traditional Culture Into Elementary and Secondary School Curriculum Teaching Material Guide", and "Revolutionary Tradition in Elementary and Secondary School Curriculum Teaching Material Guide" Guiding documents such as the "Guiding Outline for Labor Education in Universities, Middle Schools and Primary Schools (Trial)" and "Guiding Outline for National Security Education in Universities, Middle Schools and Primary Schools".
Ensure that the curriculum and textbooks of universities, middle schools and primary schools are connected and progressive
Recently, the National Textbook Committee issued the "Guide to the Teaching Materials of the Courses of Xi Jinping's Thoughts on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era" (hereinafter referred to as the "Guide").
"The publication of the "Guide" will play an important role in cultivating newcomers who are responsible for national rejuvenation and fulfilling the fundamental tasks of Lide Shuren." Han Zhen, a member of the National Textbook Committee, emphasized.
The "Guide" clearly requires that Xi Jinping’s thoughts on socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era be fully integrated into the course materials. It should cover basic education, vocational education, and higher education, covering all types and stages, covering national, local and school-based courses, and integrating philosophy and social sciences, All disciplines of natural science run through all links of ideological and moral education, cultural knowledge education, and social practice education, and the whole process of different courses is carried out.
Tian Huisheng introduced that the "Guide" planned "how to progress", that is, adhere to the full coverage of the stages, disciplines, and types, strengthen integrated design, link up the stages, and realize a comprehensive introduction and systematic explanation as a whole; it guides the "how to teach", That is, we must grasp the characteristics of students’ cognitive development. Primary school focuses on enlightenment, junior high school focuses on the combination of perceptual experience and knowledge learning, high school focuses on the combination of practical recognition and theoretical learning, college focuses on the formation of theoretical thinking, and the graduate stage focuses on in-depth exploration. .
Solve the problem of education without labor, labor without education
Soon after the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Comprehensively Strengthening Labor Education in Universities, Middle Schools and Primary Schools in the New Era" (hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions") was issued, the Ministry of Education issued the "Guiding Outlines for Labor Education in Universities, Middle Schools and Primary Schools (Trial)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Guiding Outlines"). ").
"The current ignorance of labor is mainly manifested in the underestimation of manual labor." The relevant person in charge of the Bureau of Teaching Materials of the Ministry of Education pointed out.
The "Opinions" and the "Guiding Outlines" jointly emphasized a point of view, that is, "mainly manual labor, pay attention to the simultaneous use of hands and brain."
"On the one hand, labor education emphasizes the combination of physical labor and mental labor, and on the other hand, it should avoid implementing labor education solely by teaching knowledge and labor in the classroom, and prevent labor education from being narrowed to class or generalized to everything for students. Learning activities." Tian Huisheng emphasized.
According to reports, the current problems of education without labor and labor without education simultaneously exist in schools.
The "Guideline" clarifies the ways of labor education from four aspects: independent mandatory courses of labor education, organic penetration of labor education in disciplines, arranging labor practices in extracurricular activities, and strengthening labor culture in the construction of campus culture, especially for labor Educational compulsory courses, extracurricular labor practice time outside school, and labor week once a school year put forward specific requirements to incorporate labor education into the whole process of talent training, and effectively solve the problem of education without labor.
At the same time, the "Guiding Outline" reinforces specific guidance on labor education methods and methods around key links such as explanations, project practices, reflections and exchanges, and example demonstrations. It requires students to participate in labor practice to provide students with a passion for labor and working people. Education, to effectively solve the problem of having labor without education.
"The Guidance Outline" emphasizes that labor education takes knowledge, skills and values in daily labor, productive labor, and service labor as the main content, pays attention to comprehensively improving students' labor literacy, and prevents labor education in the new era from being combined with the labor skills of the past. The training is mixed up." said Shen Jiliang, a first-level inspector of the Textbook Bureau of the Ministry of Education.
Taking into account the large differences between different regions and different levels of education, the "Guiding Outline" has a process of gradual improvement in practice.
Therefore, the "Guidelines" were first promulgated and implemented in a "trial" manner.
Major thematic education runs through each school period and covers all disciplines
For a long time, major thematic education in our country's curriculum materials has been involved, but it is not systematic and complete, and lacks top-level design.
Recently, the Ministry of Education has strengthened the overall design of major theme education, and has researched and formulated a series of major themes into the curriculum teaching materials guide or guideline.
"In terms of topic selection and material selection, the basic principles are the implementation of the socialist thoughts with Chinese characteristics in the Jinping New Era, and the important themes such as highlighting the direction of running a socialist school and cultivating students' socialist core values." Tian Huisheng said.
The "Guidelines for National Security Education in Universities, Middle Schools and Primary Schools" issued by the Ministry of Education clarifies that the content of national security education in universities, middle schools and primary schools has full coverage in all areas, including security in 12 areas including politics, land, culture, science and technology, ecology, resources, and overseas interests. As well as the ever-expanding new areas of security such as space, deep sea, polar regions, and biology.
Put forward learning requirements around the importance, basic connotation, threats and challenges facing each key area of national security, and ways and methods of maintenance.
The "Guide to the Curriculum and Textbook of Revolutionary Traditions in Primary and Secondary Schools" issued by the Ministry of Education is the first document to systematically plan the implementation of the curriculum and teaching materials of primary and secondary schools in the implementation of revolutionary traditional education.
The document requires students to be divided into semesters from the shallower to the deeper, to advance in an orderly manner, and to pass through the whole process. For example, the primary school stage emphasizes the selection of revolutionary leaders, revolutionary hero stories, etc., to cultivate students' simple feelings for the Communist Party of China; the junior high school stage focuses on selecting major historical events in various historical periods, Great achievements and so on, so that students understand that without the Communist Party, there would be no reason for New China.
The "Chinese Excellent Traditional Culture Guide to Primary and Secondary School Curriculum" issued by the Ministry of Education strengthens the top-level design around the question of "what to enter, how much to enter, and how to enter". Fully integrate into the curriculum materials of various subjects, clarify the basic requirements of students in each school stage for learning Chinese excellent traditional culture, and expand them appropriately, in an appropriate amount, and do not offer separate courses of Chinese excellent traditional culture, and do not increase the learning burden of students.
"In terms of subject arrangement, the education of each subject should be covered by the whole subject, with different emphasis, and avoid overlapping and repetition; in the arrangement of the semesters, it should be progressive and spirally upward." Tian Huisheng pointed out that the major subject education is universality and general education. Sex education, which is continuously carried out for all students, must run through all stages and cover all disciplines.
It is reported that the Ministry of Education will continue to promote other major themes of education into the curriculum and teaching materials.
The first is to promptly release the "Party Leadership" Related Contents into the Curriculum and Textbook Guide for Primary and Secondary Schools, the National Defense Education Curriculum Guide for Primary and Secondary Schools, and the "Life Safety and Health Education Curriculum and Textbook Guide for Primary and Secondary Schools", and the curriculum and textbooks for related topics Make an overall plan.
The second is to develop and publish the "New Era Marxist Theory Research and Construction Project Key Textbook Construction Plan", focusing on promoting the construction of university philosophy and social science textbooks and improving the quality of textbooks.