How can vocational education stand firm under the "double reduction"?
Recently, the "Opinions on Further Reducing the Burden of Compulsory Education Students' Homework and Off-campus Training" (referred to as "Double Reduction") has aroused widespread public concern once it was released.
Under the background of "double reduction", many academic institutions have transformed vocational education, and vocational education has also ushered in new development opportunities.
Respondents said that in the context of relevant policies, vocational education should lay a solid foundation as soon as possible, improve its own strength, and become a priority choice for more people.
Text/Guangzhou Daily All-Media Reporter Zeng Jun, intern Hu Kexin
New development: Institutions are busy transforming vocational education
Under the "double reduction" policy, K12 academic institutions are busy transforming.
Among the options for transformation, adult non-academic vocational education has become an important direction.
Recently, Gaotu, a listed online education company, launched a new official website domain name and launched a new version of the APP.
The reporter saw that the company focuses on language training, college student examinations, finance, public examinations, teaching resources, study abroad, management, medical and other types of vocational education services.
Onlly Education stated that it will increase the expansion of vocational education, and Xueda Education also plans to explore the field of vocational education.
In recent years, the state has continued to have favorable policies for social forces to participate in vocational education.
The newly revised "Regulations on the Implementation of the Law on the Promotion of Private Education" stipulates that the state encourages enterprises to establish or participate in the establishment of private schools that implement vocational education in accordance with the law in the form of sole proprietorship, joint ventures, and cooperation.
The "National Vocational Education Reform Implementation Plan" stipulates that social forces should support and regulate the establishment of vocational education and training, and encourage the development of joint-stock, mixed-ownership and other vocational colleges and various vocational training institutions.
Qu Yifan, director of the Research Department of the Education and Open Economy Research Center of the University of International Business and Economics, wrote an article that at present, the development of new economy and the emergence of new business formats have spawned new professions and new professions, providing a broad space for new skills training.
Existing off-campus training institutions can take advantage of the technical advantages of online education. In addition to providing adult training such as examinations and studying abroad, they can also provide more online new vocational skills training.
In addition, the reporter found that the adult non-academic education track is attracting many first-line investment institutions to enter the game.
New Opportunities: More clear positioning of vocational education types
"The'double reduction' policy is to promote the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education, to essentially alleviate or even solve the parents' need for off-campus training. By providing high-quality, balanced and fair education, this will also make the society fully recognize and accept vocational education. "Professor Tao Hong, dean of the School of Educational Science and Technology of Guangdong Technical Normal University, believes that this initiative highlights the role of vocational education in the education system, and its type positioning is more clear. The development of vocational education will usher in new opportunities, and this impact Long-term and profound.
From the perspective of the supply side, this requires the entire society to do a good job of vocational education, establish a complete and sound vocational education system such as vocational undergraduates, masters, masters, and postgraduates, and create a large number of innovative and high-quality technical skills talents.
She called for the establishment of a scientific concept of professional talent evaluation, from industry, enterprise to factory, gradually improve the economic treatment of vocational technical and technical talents, and provide unobstructed career development space, so that they can use their learning and use value for money in the work position. Reflect its outstanding life value and enhance the attractiveness of vocational education.
She introduced that in recent years, the first-line skilled craftsmen trained by vocational schools are not uncommon.
People should respect individual differences, follow the concept of professional equality of "traveling champions", and cultivate children's comprehensive qualities, including moral education, psychological quality, knowledge and skills, practical ability, physical education and social adaptability, etc., and send them away. Go to the school and position that suits you best.
Tao Hong believes that "vocational enlightenment education" is also very important. "In a sense, vocational education is education that teaches people survival skills. It should run through life and cannot be narrowed. Help students to establish their own life goals to the greatest extent.” She said that professional enlightenment education is an indispensable part of adult education, and it relates to whether an individual can live independently and whether he has the ability to meet the challenges of life.
New data:
Over 3000 students with 515 points or more selected positions
In 2021, Guangzhou Secondary Vocational School will enroll students in the first batch of high school entrance examinations for the first time in the third and second sub-section and key specialty majors above the provincial level.
The reporter learned from the Guangzhou Municipal Enrollment and Examination Office that more than 3000 middle school candidates with a score of 515 (the lowest admission threshold for general high school) were admitted by the secondary vocational school, and the overall situation is good.
Candidates’ choice for further education is highly compatible with the needs of economic and social development. Traditional “intangible heritage” specialties such as wood carving, Guangcai, and Cantonese cuisine production, as well as modern popular majors such as industrial robots, drones, and urban rail transit, are favored by candidates.
In addition, according to the fourth batch of admissions announced by the schools, the Guangzhou Tourism Business Vocational School recorded 13 candidates with a score of 600 or more, with a maximum score of 692, and they were admitted to the international business major.
The highest score among the freshmen of Guangzhou Wenchong Shipyard Technical School was 693 points.
Guangzhou Information Technology Vocational School has admitted 14 candidates with more than 600 points. Among them, Wang from the Affiliated Middle School of Sun Yat-Sen University, with a score of 672, was admitted in the first batch of the third and second sub- and provincial key specialties. The most popular animation and game production major in China.
Yang Ziming, who got 671 points, chose to enroll in the Lingnan culture and art of folk traditional crafts in Guangzhou Light Industry Vocational School-wood carving (full-time 32nd section) as his first choice.
"We often discuss topics such as choice and the future, which may have affected him imperceptibly." Father Yang has analyzed with his children that although it is not a problem for him to go to general high schools, if he wants to go to a "double first-class" university, the current The results are not particularly competitive, so the "track" of the secondary vocational school is considered.
In Dad Yang’s view, Yang Ziming’s greatest strength is his ability to concentrate on work, self-discipline and concentration, and possess the qualities required by a "craftsman".
New pattern:
The characteristics of Guangzhou secondary vocational school are obviously misplaced development
In Guangzhou, the number of students attending secondary vocational schools is roughly the same as that of regular high schools. Some parents and candidates have misunderstood the "diversion of the high school entrance examination", but this is not the case.
In this regard, Qiu Yiqing, the principal of Guangzhou Kindergarten Normal School, believes that this is due to insufficient understanding of vocational education. In fact, the prospects for vocational education are very good. In particular, Guangzhou secondary vocational schools are in the golden age and have formed obvious characteristics and dislocation development. The pattern of "students can continue to go on to higher education through multiple channels, extensive school-enterprise cooperation and precise docking have increased the professional gold content, and better served the employment of students."
In her view, the ability to process students is an important criterion for measuring the quality of vocational schools, and scholars should start from three aspects. "The first is to continue to run special features. Secondary vocational schools have many specialized categories, but not all categories are welcomed by the society. Schools should not be greedy for everything, but should appropriately reduce the number of majors, and control the entrance and exit to highlight Own advantages. The second is to promote in-depth integration of production and education, and to firmly grasp the vocational education group and other platforms, majors should actively connect with industrial development, and make dynamic adjustments, and majors that do not adapt to the market should be decisively eliminated. The third is to improve the level of teachers. Teachers are the foundation of school development. Now we also recruit PhDs. In the future, more and more high-level talents will be engaged in vocational education, and social recognition will gradually increase." But she admitted that in the future, vocational education and general education will still be required. For true horizontal integration, "there is an urgent need to open up the channel for conversion from vocational education to general education, build an overpass, and allow everyone to form a two-way choice."