Speaking of the issue of the first ID card in our country,
resident ID card: showing the feelings of the people in every square inch
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□ Our reporter Dong Fanchao and Zhang Xuehong
□ Our newspaper trainee reporter Yang Jiayi
The length is 85.6mm, the width is 54mm, and the thickness is 0.9mm.
A small resident ID card carries the important mission of proving the citizenship of the People’s Republic of China, and it has long been integrated into all aspects of people’s production and life.
While feeling the convenience, when did the resident ID system originate?
What changes have you experienced?
What kind of innovation and upgrade will usher in in the future?
With these questions in mind, reporters from the "Rules of Law Daily" recently walked into the population management and grassroots work team of the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau to explore the light and shadow circulation behind the square inches and the public security organs' unchanging feelings for the people.
Legislative system
Complete the first-generation ID card manually
The hands of time set back to the evening of August 30, 1984.
The dormitory compound of the Ministry of Culture on Chaoyangmennei Street in Beijing was full of colored lights. The issuing ceremony of the first batch of resident ID cards in my country was held here. Fortunately, 380 residents became the holders of the first batch of resident ID cards in my country.
Prior to this, Chinese citizens did not have an ID card for a long time, and when proving their identity, they used the household registration booklet and the letter of introduction from the unit.
"You need a letter of introduction when you go out for accommodation, and you need a letter of introduction to receive remittances, and even if you buy a soft-sleeper ticket on a train, you have to have a letter of introduction." As the first citizen in my country to receive a resident identity card, the famous soprano singer Shan Xiurong recalled. Until the early 1980s, proving "identity" was a difficult and cumbersome task.
Chen Yixin, deputy director of the Office of Population Management and Grass-roots Work Corps of the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau, has taken root in population management since the beginning of his work. His career has gone through the entire process of ID card development from scratch, from the first generation to the second generation. .
He told reporters that from the founding of New China to the 1980s, the documents used to prove citizenship in my country included work permits, letters of introduction, household registration books, etc. However, there were many types of work permits and letters of introduction. The use within the scope of, does not have the general legal effect of proving citizenship, and is easy to forge, replace, and be used by criminals.
As for the household registration booklet, one for each household, it is inconvenient to carry, and there is no photo, and it is impossible to achieve unified authentication of the personal certificate.
At that time, in the wave of reform and opening up, social economy became more and more active, and population movements became more frequent. The Ministry of Public Security, based on extensively soliciting social opinions, fully drawing on foreign experience, and in-depth research and full demonstration, put the issue of a unified identity certificate on the agenda. .
On April 6, 1984, the State Council approved and transmitted the notice of the Ministry of Public Security concerning the issuance of resident ID cards, and promulgated the "Regulations on the Trial Implementation of Resident ID Cards of the People's Republic of China."
Since then, through the implementation of the resident ID card system, my country has opened the prelude to the management of resident registration documents.
In 1984, 1994, 1996, 1999... In the cultural corridor of the office building of the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau's Population Management and Grassroots Work Corps, reporters saw the first-generation resident ID cards produced in different years.
They are all sealed with polyester film, single-page card type, 15-digit code, and a large number of ID cards issued initially were filled in by hand.
The registration items include name, gender, ethnicity, date of birth, address and validity period.
"Don't think that the first-generation ID card is just a small card, but the production process is cumbersome, all of which need to be completed by hand. It has to go through 16 complicated processes such as filling in, verifying, and plasticizing. The average production cycle takes 60 days." Chen Yixin pointed to the old photos of the type printers used to make ID cards and the old photos of the presses and told reporters that with the advent of printers, type printing replaced manual filling, and later developed to use 286 and 386 computers...Science and technology advancement and conservation A lot of time and manpower.
Renew
The second generation ID card built-in chip
Although the first-generation ID card is much better than the previous letters of introduction, it also has problems such as cumbersome production process, long production cycle, low information identification efficiency, and weak anti-counterfeiting measures.
To this end, the Public Security Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security selected front-line business backbones from all over the country and took the lead in the formation of the second-generation ID card issuance leading group. Chen Yixin became one of them as a business expert.
After more than a year of demonstration and research and development, the production process has become more advanced, and the second-generation resident ID card with a well-made and built-in chip has officially entered the lives of the public.
On the morning of May 16, 2004, the first issuance ceremony of Beijing's second-generation resident ID card was held in the auditorium of Dongcheng District No. 65 Middle School.
On the same day, 1,300 residents in Dongcheng District received the first batch of second-generation resident ID cards in Beijing, among which the youngest was a 7-year-old boy.
"I need an ID card to fly or stay in a hotel. It's much more convenient than carrying a household registration book." At that time, the little boy said proudly.
In an interview with the media, his mother, Ms. Geng, said that the purpose of applying for an ID card for her son was to allow him to establish a sense of citizenship since he was a child, and “remember that he is a Chinese citizen wherever he goes.”
"The new generation of ID cards has made a qualitative leap in terms of technology." Chen Yixin said that the second generation ID cards are made with non-contact IC card technology and have both visual and machine-readable functions.
The surface of the document adopts anti-counterfeiting film and printing anti-counterfeiting technology, and the document has a built-in smart chip. "Even if someone forges, even if it can create a "look", it is difficult to copy the "heart"."
In the second-generation ID card production workshop, from automatic computer typesetting to film printers, laminating punching machines, and electric writing machines, the "baking" of ID cards is almost fully automated.
After "coming out", there is a special sorting machine that automatically reads the information in the ID chip and sorts out ID cards according to the set acceptance points.
Chen Yixin excitedly said that nowadays, a set of assembly line equipment can produce tens of thousands of ID cards a day, which greatly improves the efficiency, and the time for issuing certificates has been reduced from 60 working days in the past to 10 working days now.
"Comrade police, my father is almost 90 years old this year, and he has limited mobility. I really don't know how to reissue his ID card." One day in September 2020, a call was made to the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau.
It turned out that the 89-year-old Uncle Tong accidentally lost his ID card while seeing a doctor in the hospital, making it impossible to go through medical insurance and other procedures.
Uncle Tong is inconvenient to take photos and reissue his ID card at the police station, which really makes his son worry.
Upon learning of the situation, the local police from the Beitaipingzhuang Police Station of the Haidian Branch of the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau made a special trip to reissue the ID card for the elderly.
"We let the old man sit on the bed, help him organize his clothes, comb his hair, pose, take pictures, and collect fingerprints and other information." The police said that the information collection and registration work was completed in just a few minutes.
The police told the old man that they would be delivered as soon as the documents were completed. The old man excitedly took the police's hand and thanked him again and again.
For the registered police, stories like this happen almost every month.
In recent years, the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau has successively launched a number of convenience measures, such as getting ID cards for the elderly or the disabled; each year in the high school entrance examination and college entrance examination seasons, it provides urgent services for re-issuing ID cards for candidates 24 hours a day; every school season, Go to colleges to collect ID cards for college students and so on.
The reporter learned during the interview that with the economic and social development and the increasing awareness of the people's own rights, the people have put forward higher requirements for the effect of their resident ID photos.
In response to this situation, in recent years, the public security organs have provided the masses with a service of "multiple shots and selection" for the residents' ID cards, which has been generally welcomed.
Since the implementation of this service at the end of 2018, people who are not satisfied with the photos taken when applying for the resident ID can apply for 3 re-photographs, from which the satisfactory photos are selected.
At the same time, for people who have applied for a resident ID card, they can use the original photo information when they apply for a resident ID card again within two years, which further improves the masses’ satisfaction with the resident ID card photos.
optimization
App self-service application for e-ID
Recently, reporters walked into the Dongfeng Police Station of the Chaoyang Branch of the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau. In the bright and clean household registration hall, there was an endless stream of people in front of the self-service ID card application and self-issuing terminals.
Here, the masses can independently complete a complete set of bidding procedures through intelligent voice prompts, input information, take photos, and collect fingerprints.
Chen Yixin told reporters that there are currently 92 self-service ID card application terminals like these that are "not closed" for 24 hours in Beijing.
As Chen Yixin said, in recent years, the public security organs have focused on the people’s new expectations and new requirements for the service and management of resident ID cards, closely integrated and deepened the reform of public security’s “decentralization, management and service”, successively launched innovative service measures, and continuously optimized resident ID cards. Service experience makes it more convenient for the masses to apply for certificates and the use of certificates is safer.
In accordance with the central government’s decision and deployment on comprehensively deepening public security reforms, in 2017, the Ministry of Public Security deployed local public security agencies to expand applications on the basis of the established population-related resource database covering the whole country, and build a resident ID card remote acceptance, loss report, and loss finding information system. Local household registration police stations and household registration halls are directly connected to the system to provide convenience for people who have been out for work, study and life for a long time to apply for replacement of resident ID cards.
Based on the actual situation of the number and distribution of the local floating population, local public security agencies have set up 26,000 cross-provincial and off-site resident ID card acceptance points, and 38,000 loss reporting and loss collection windows, so as to facilitate the residents to handle resident ID card business in the nearest place of residence. .
At the same time, it makes full use of modern technology to actively explore the launch of online services such as household registration business App, WeChat official account, etc., to provide residents with ID card business consultation, appointment processing, certificate expiration reminders and other services to meet the increasing demand for "Run quickly and do it online" needs.
"Science and technology have injected a steady stream of momentum into population management in the new era." At the end of the interview, Chen Yixin took out his mobile phone and clicked on the "Beijing Tong" App, showing reporters a report on the management of ID cards by the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau. A new exploration-electronic ID card.
He said that at present, the masses can apply for and obtain electronic ID cards on their own in the "Beijing Pass" App.
At each service window of the Beijing Municipal Affairs Work Hall, you can handle business with this certificate.
With the continuous promotion of this work and the continuous improvement of social recognition, in the near future, the masses can also enjoy a more convenient "one network operation" through electronic ID cards.
For more than 30 years, Chen Yixin has handled countless ID cards. He said that the thin ID card has recorded the huge improvement in the refined management and convenience services of our society in square inches, and has also witnessed the development and changes of the motherland. Will accompany us to continue on the new journey.
Picture① In the 1980s, a poster drawn by the police to appeal to citizens to obtain the first-generation ID card.
Figure ② The police are making the first-generation ID card by hand.
Figure ③ The 24-hour self-service machine for ID card.
(Pictures are provided by the Population Management and Grassroots Work Team of Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau)