The $ 1 trillion package could be adopted after weeks of intense deliberation and debate.
It is the largest investment in the US aging infrastructure in many years and is based on a cross-party agreement negotiated by senators and the White House.
In a speech before the vote, Senate Democrat leader Chuck Schumer thanked party comrade Biden.
- President Biden has been in office for only seven months and the Senate is already in the process of adopting the first major infrastructure package in over a decade, built on a cross-party basis with his (Biden's) total and complete commitment.
Faster broadband
The money will modernize the electricity grid and finance climate measures.
Roads, railways, bridges and ports will be equipped and broadband will be expanded.
The package was adopted by a broad majority in the Senate, with the votes 69-30.
19 Republicans voted in favor of the proposal, despite former President Donald Trump this weekend calling it "a shame" and declaring that he would find it very difficult to support "someone stupid enough to vote for the deal".
The message was aimed at Republican lawmakers hoping for Trump's support ahead of the 2022 election.
The success of the infrastructure package is not as obvious in the House of Representatives, where Democrats are slightly overweight.
Many Democrats there have objections and the negotiations are expected to drag on until well into the autumn.
Tougher challenge
After the vote, the Senate goes on to fulfill another part of President Joe Biden's agenda: a huge investment in welfare, health, education and climate.
On Monday, Democrats presented a long-term budget of $ 3.5 trillion.
It is a ten-year framework that includes climate measures, residence permits for migrant workers, grants for university studies and preschool for three to four-year-olds.
Bernie Sanders, chairman of the Senate Budget Committee, called it the most important social venture since The New Deal, which lifted the economy out of the Depression in the 1930s.
Getting through the larger package will be a more difficult challenge for Democratic leaders as Republicans stand united in their opposition to it.